Ho: White Blood Cells

Front 1

Describe this cell. what is it called?

Back 1

Pale pink granular cytoplasm with condensed, segmented nucleus

PMN

Front 2

Decribe this cell. What is it?

Back 2

Granulocytes with large, refractile, orange-pink granules.
Nucleus is typically bilobed.

Eosinophil

Front 3

What do we call a cell with a curved nucleus that has not yet segmented?

Back 3

Stab / Band form... immature PMN.

Front 4

What is the most uncommon of all granulocytes?

Back 4

Basophil.

Front 5

Describe this cell. what is it?

Back 5

Large, dark blue granules which overlie the nucleus.

Basophil.

Front 6

What is this cell?

Back 6

Lymphocyte

Front 7

Describe these cells.

What is the top cell? the bottom one?

Back 7

Has a folded nucleus with uneven countour
Slate grey cytoplasm--there may be vacuoles


Both are monocytes.

Front 8

What cell's function include chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and killing of phagocytosed bacteria?

Back 8

Neutrophil's functions

Front 9

What do Eosinophils do?

Back 9

everything PMN does (chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and killing of phagocytosed bacteria)

serve as effector cells for antibody-dependent damage to parasites

regulation of immediate-type hypersensitivity reactions: inactv. histamine and leukotrienes released by basophils and mast cells.

Front 10

What cell's functions include mediation of immediate-type hypersensitivity and modulation of inflammatory responses by releasing heparin and proteases?

Back 10

Basophil

Front 11

what do lymphocytes do?

Back 11

Function in immune regulation and production of hematopoietic growth factors.

Front 12

What cell's functions include chemotaxis, phagocytosis, killing of some microbes, antigen presentation, release of cytokines which stimulate bone marrow stromal cells to produce growth factors?

Back 12

Monocyte

Front 13

Which cells are precursors of tissue macrophages?

Back 13

Monocytes

Front 14

In what physiological situations do we see an elevated neutrophil count?

Back 14

exercise, preg., lactation, neonates

Front 15

What Pathological situations do we see an elevated PMN count?

Which drugs types (3 main ones) can elevate PMN #?

Can splenectomy incite an elevated PMN count?

Back 15

acute infections, actue inflammation, Myeloproliferative disorders (CML)

corticosteroids
Growth Factors
Lithium

Yes.

Front 16

What are the genetics of Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency? Pathogenesis?

Lab/Clinical findings?

Back 16

autosomal recessive.

g. Neutrophils lack 2 integrins or other molecules necessary for surface adhesion and are thus unable to leave the circulation to gather at sites of infection

- Peripheral WBC is markedly elevated.
- severe recurrent infections w/o pus formation

Front 17

What can lead to demargination?

Back 17

Epinephrine and corticosteroids

Front 18

What are the largest of the white cells?

Back 18

Monocytes

Front 19

Do all of the peripheral neutrophils circulate?

Back 19

No. Half of them adhere to the vessel wall, where they are 'marginated'.

Front 20

What is the term for an absolute lack of neutrophils?

What can induce it?

What are some Sx?

Back 20

agraunulocytosis

Almost always drug induced.

severe necrotizing ulcers in the mouth and the throat

Front 21

Name some drugs that can induce agranulocytosis.

Back 21

Clozapine (Clozaril, an antipsychotic)
Propythiouracil (an antithyroid)
Anti-convulsants
sulfa and chloramphenicol (antibiotics)
gold salts (given to treat RA)

Front 22

What is this? What can cause this?

Back 22

Necrotizing ulcer from a bacterial infection.

Agranulocytosis opens the door.

Front 23

What is the DiffDx for Eosinophilia?

Back 23

NAACP:
Neoplasm,
Allergy/asthma,
addison's disease,
collagen vascular disease
parasites (wormz!! omg!)

Front 24

What is addison's disease?

Back 24

(chronic adrenal insufficiency, hypocortisolism or hypocorticism) is a rare endocrine disorder in which the adrenal glands do not produce enough steroid hormones (glucocorticoids and often mineralocorticoids)

Front 25

What if the chief important cause of Basophilia?

Back 25

Myeloproliferative disorder

Front 26

What are the big causes of Lymphocytosis?

Back 26

Viral infections
Chronic Lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

also bacterial infections: whooping cough, TB, syphilis, brucellosis

Front 27

What are 5 causes of Lymphocytopenia?

Back 27

Immunodeficiencies
immunosup. drugs
lymphomas
granulomatous diseases (sarcoid, TB)
Alcoholism/malnutrition/zinc def.

Front 28

What is the most notable cause of monocytosis?

Back 28

Myelodysplastic syndromes

Front 29

How can you get an acquired defect in neutrophil function?

Back 29

corticosteroid use, alcoholism, leukemias, myelodysplasia, and myeloproliferative disorders

Front 30

Transplant patient presents with neutropenia. What virus might have caused it?

Back 30

CMV.

Front 31

Which lineage of cells is sytemic lupus erythematosus associated with?

Back 31

can be assoc. with cytopenias of all lineages.

Front 32

What is felty's syndrome?

Back 32

Splenomegaly + RA + Neutropenia

Front 33

What do all myeloproliferative disorders tend to have as a feature?

Back 33

basophilia

Front 34

What let neutrophils roll along the surface of the endothelium?

How about adhere more tightly?

Back 34

selectins

B2 integrins.

Front 35

GCD is...

Back 35

...an inherited defect in the NADPH oxidase complex.

Front 36

Myeloperoxidase def is...
makes it hard to do what?

Why are many cases asymtomatic?

Back 36

... problems making hypercholorous acid.

kill bacteria and fungi.
b/c there are other ways to kill bacteria, and fungi are rare. Thus, presenting finding can often be a fungal infection.

Front 37

What is Chediak-Higashi Syndrome?
Results?

Outcome?

Back 37

Autosomal recessive defect in granule fusion with the plasma membrane.

defects in leukocyte function and platelet function, as well as oculocutaneous albinism

Death in early childhood.

Front 38

Which of the following statements is concerning white cells is false?
a. Eosinophil levels can be elevated in myeloproliferative diseases
b. Felty’s syndrome is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus
c. Neutropenia can be caused by antithyroid medications
d. Neutrophil dysfunction can result from myelodysplastic syndromes
e. Basophils play a role in hypersensitivity reactions

Back 38

B.

Front 39

Which of the following statements concerning neutrophil function is true?
a. Superoxde dismutase converts oxygen into superoxide.
b. B2 integrins interact with carbohydrate moieties on Pns to mediate rolling
c. Chemotaxis is the process by which neutrophils adhere to the endothelial cell layer
d. Myeloperoxidase deficiency may be asymptomatic.

Back 39

D.