Hnf Test 4

Front 1

which mother probably faces the highest pregnancy risk?

Back 1

Adolescent, nonwhite, lower socioeconomic family

Front 2

what are the components of weight gain in pregnancy?

Back 2

Breast tissue
Amniotic fluid
Blood volume

Front 3

A major advantage of breastfeeding for the infant is

Back 3

passive immunity.

Front 4

Which nutrients may pregnant vegan not get

Back 4

Calcium, iron, zinc, and vitamin B-12

Front 5

to avoid constipation, pregnant woman should eat more

Back 5

whole-grains and fruits.

Front 6

an infant born after normal gestational weight but weighing less than 5 pounds is

Back 6

low birth weight and small for gestational age.

Front 7

from the time of contraception, until about 2 weeks gestation, the fertilized ovum is called

Back 7

a zygote

Front 8

how much weight should a pregnant woman gain during pregnancy

Back 8

25-35 pounds

Front 9

pregnancy can precipitate a form of

Back 9

diabetes

Front 10

the placenta is the site of what transfer from the mother to the fetus

Back 10

oxygen and nutrient

Front 11

during the last two trimesters of pregnancy the pregnant woman needs to increase her calories by how much per day

Back 11

400 kcals

Front 12

the pregnant woman with normal fat stores from pregnancy needs to increase her calories by how much per day

Back 12

500 kcals

Front 13

advantages of breastfeeding over infant formula

Back 13

Reduced risk of food allergies and intolerances
Presence of Lactobacillus bifidus factor
Provides antibodies

Front 14

hormone responsible for the let-down reflex in breastfeeding

Back 14

oxytocin.

Front 15

colostrum

Back 15

is a source of antibodies and is secreted from the breast for the first few days after birth.

Front 16

it is often recommended that breastfeeding women should supplement which nutrients?

Back 16

Vitamin D and iron

Front 17

what has been shown to reduce the risk of birth defects

Back 17

Folic acid

Front 18

maternal practice that can be harmful to the fetus

Back 18

a low-carbohydrate diet.
fasting.
smoking.

Front 19

to produce a healthy infant the mother should have a healthy diet...when?

Back 19

beginning about 8 weeks before conception occurs and continuing through the period of lactation.

Front 20

factors likely to pose a risk for maternal and fetal health during pregnancy and childbirth

Back 20

Underweight mother
Maternal age 15 years or under
Many closely spaced pregnancies

Front 21

practice of eating dirt, clay, or laundry starch is called

Back 21

pica.

Front 22

Advantages and benefits or breastfeeding to the mother

Back 22

greater convenience.

a more rapid loss of the fat tissue that may have accumulated in her body during pregnancy.

reduced risk of developing certain forms of cancer.

Front 23

during ___ trimester the organs show the greatest development making this the most critical time in the pregnancy

Back 23

1st

Front 24

risk for delivering a preterm or small-for-gestational age infant increases with mothers

Back 24

smoking.
alcohol consumption.
illegal or improper drug use.

Front 25

desirable goal for a successful pregnancy

Back 25

Gestational period longer than 37 weeks and birth weight greater than 2500 grams

Front 26

infants weighing less than what are expected to have more health problems

Back 26

5.5 lbs. / 2500 grams

Front 27

the most critical time for development in utero is during the last 13 weeks- true or false?

Back 27

false

Front 28

nutritional factors and the length of gestation are more important than genetic factors in determining the birth weight

Back 28

true

Front 29

do pregnant woman know instinctively what to eat

Back 29

no

Front 30

mineral needs increase during pregnancy- t/f

Back 30

true

Front 31

breastfed infants suffer fewer infections than formula fed infants - t/f

Back 31

true

Front 32

mothers who must take medications should check with doctor before beginning to breastfed - t/f

Back 32

true

Front 33

most miscarriages occur during the 1st trimester - t/f

Back 33

true

Front 34

all woman of childbearing age should consume how much folic acid everyday

Back 34

400 micrograms

Front 35

fetal alcohol syndrome is preventable

Back 35

true

Front 36

breastfeeding should always be recommended -t/f

Back 36

false

Front 37

women who gain excess weight during the first two trimesters should try and not gain anymore -t/f

Back 37

false

Front 38

primary cause of hunger worldwide is

Back 38

poverty

Front 39

what program has shown to be cost effective in reducing the number of preterm/low-birth-weight babies

Back 39

The WIC Program

Front 40

life expectancy in many developing countries is what as those in the US

Back 40

½

Front 41

low birth weight might be a result of

Back 41

maternal undernutrition.
teenage pregnancy.
cigarette smoking.

Front 42

war contributes to undernutrition

Back 42

Destroying vital infrastructure, such as those that supply safe and adequate water.

Front 43

the most promising potential of biotechnology in the developing world

Back 43

improvement of the nutritional qualities of foods.

Front 44

what deficiency is the cause of blindness worldwide

Back 44

vitamin A

Front 45

compared with other industrialized states, the US has one of the lowest infant mortality rates - t/f

Back 45

false

Front 46

wherever they live, the key factor for the health of people is a safe water supply -t/f

Back 46

true

Front 47

hunger remains a problem in North America because of insufficient funds and food to serve to a growing population - t/f

Back 47

false

Front 48

food insecurity

Back 48

is a condition of anxiety regarding running out of food or money to buy food.

Front 49

consequence of undernutrition can be seen by

Back 49

increase in infant mortality.

Front 50

undernutrition can be seen in North America through

Back 50

children who weigh several pounds less than the low end of normal on a growth chart.

Front 51

long-range solutions to decrease reliance in public assistance includes

Back 51

job training.
affordable child care.
decreasing teenage pregnancy.
All of these choices are correct.

Front 52

green revolution

Back 52

has boosted agricultural production through use of selective plant breeding practices, irrigation, fertilizers, and pesticides.

Front 53

nutrient closely tied to immune function

Back 53

vitamin A.

Front 54

greatest factors leading to under nutrition in N. America

Back 54

homelessness and poverty.

Front 55

economic growth that reduces poverty, protects the environment, and preserves natural capital is

Back 55

sustainable development.

Front 56

besides lack of food, what other factors lead to under nutrition worldwide

Back 56

lack of sanitation and potable water that increases the risk for infections.
inadequate housing.
insect and rodent infestation.

Front 57

iron deficiency in infancy and childhood may lead to

Back 57

anemia.
reduced stamina.
learning difficulties.

Front 58

approx. how many people suffer from micronutrient deficiency

Back 58

2 billion

Front 59

undernutrition is the most common form of malnutrition -t/f

Back 59

true

Front 60

delivery of food supplies to hungry people in developing nations remains a large problem

Back 60

True

Front 61

An infant should triple his or her birth weight by about ______ of age.

Back 61

12 months

Front 62

A good rule of thumb for feeding preschool children is _______ of each food served (e.g. meats, fruits, and vegetables) for each year of age.

Back 62

1 tablespoon

Front 63

It is unwise to leave a bottle in the infant’s mouth after he or she falls asleep because

Back 63

this practice may cause tooth decay

Front 64

If a 1-year-old child wants to spoon-feed himself clumsily, the parent should

Back 64

let the child try

Front 65

Symptoms of the classic allergy response include all the following except

Back 65

vomiting.

Front 66

Most obese infants become obese adults

Back 66

False

Front 67

Cow’s milk fed during early infancy can increase risk for allergies later in life

Back 67

True

Front 68

The two most common nutritional problems in childhood are obesity and iron-deficiency anemia.

Back 68

true

Front 69

The first solid food(s) usually added to the infant’s diet is (are)

Back 69

iron-fortified cereals

Front 70

Inclusion of fat in an infant’s diet

Back 70

helps to meet his or her high energy needs

Front 71

During late childhood and the teenage years, nutrient needs are increased for

Back 71

calcium and phosphorus

Front 72

The nutrients most often deficient in the diets of North American teenagers are

Back 72

calcium and iron

Front 73

Obese children should strive to

Back 73

maintain their weight and “grow into it”.

Front 74

Health authorities recommend that solid food should not be given to the infant until what age?

Back 74

4 to 6 months

Front 75

When children are about 1 year of age, their appetite decreases. This is primarily caused by

Back 75

decrease in growth rate

Front 76

Protein allowances for infants are about ______ per kilogram of body weight per day

Back 76

2 grams

Front 77

A food allergen can be identified by

Back 77

a trial of food elimination and a later challenge feeding of the suspected food.

Front 78

Which of the following factors is NOT a predictor of child and adolescent obesity?

Back 78

Number of siblings

Front 79

It is recommended that honey not be part of an infant’s diet because it

Back 79

is linked to infant botulism

Front 80

The WIC program is primarily for

Back 80

pregnant and breastfeeding women, and children up to 5 years of age.

Front 81

The major problem with fast foods for adolescents is that these are

Back 81

often high in fat and calorie content and often low in calcium and fiber

Front 82

The food needs of children are so great in proportion to the size of their digestive tracts that it becomes important to

Back 82

serve snacks in addition to meals

Front 83

During the first year of life, the infant increases in length by _____ over what it was at birth.

Back 83

50%

Front 84

The food intake of preschoolers is often highly variable because

Back 84

rates of growth vary

Front 85

Failure to thrive can be caused by

Back 85

parental inattention to an infant’s needs.
chronic diarrhea.
heart problems

Front 86

Common food allergens include all of the following except:
rice.
walnuts.
tuna.
cow’s milk.

Back 86

rice

Front 87

A child who has been undernourished for most of its life can still reach maximum height if fed properly.

Back 87

False

Front 88

An infant’s length increases by 50% in the first year.

Back 88

True

Front 89

Brain growth is greatest during the teenage years.

Back 89

False

Front 90

Infants have lower calorie needs per pound than older children.

Back 90

False

Front 91

Parents should carefully control the amount of food their children eat.

Back 91

false

Front 92

______ is the most effective method for preventing cancer in laboratory animals

Back 92

Calorie restriction

Front 93

The Nutrition Screening Initiative’s DETERMINE checklist

Back 93

can be used to assess nutritional risk among older adults

Front 94

An herbal remedy commonly used by women to control symptoms of menopause is

Back 94

black cohosh

Front 95

Some ways to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease are to

Back 95

quit smoking and reduce saturated fat intake

Front 96

Which of the following organs is NOT affected by alcohol abuse?
Heart
Liver
Esophagus
None of these choices are correct

Back 96

None of these choices are correct

Front 97

The maximum life span for humans is about

Back 97

122 years.

Front 98

Common nutrition-related chronic diseases of adults include

Back 98

atheroschlerosis, hypertension, and obesity.

Front 99

Which of the following recommendations is aimed at promoting healthful eating for older adults?

Back 99

Eat small, frequent meals composed of nutrient-dense foods

Front 100

Alcohol use has a beneficial effect with regard to all except
cardiovascular disease.
cancer.
diabetes.
ischemic strokes.

Back 100

cancer.

Front 101

Nutrients that deserve special emphasis in a diet plan for the elderly include all of the following EXCEPT
Vitamin B-6.
Calcium.
Zinc.
Vitamin A.

Back 101

Vitamin A.

Front 102

Inadequate ________ increases the risk of anemia in the older population.

Back 102

vitamin B-12

Front 103

The life expectancy for the general population in North America is about

Back 103

77 years

Front 104

______ refers to the extent to which an organ can preserve essentially normal function despite decreasing cell number or cell activity

Back 104

Reserve capacity

Front 105

The most current prescription for good health throughout life is to

Back 105

Establish harmony among physical, mental, and social states.

Front 106

Health promotion and disease prevention can be achieved by

Back 106

proper diet and exercise.
observing the “no smoking” edict.
limiting alcohol intake and learning how to deal with stress

Front 107

Hypotheses on aging include all except which of the following ideas?
Reduced physical activity spares physiological deterioration
Cell loss is genetically programmed
Partial misdirection of the immune system occurs
Free radicals cause cell damage

Back 107

Reduced physical activity spares physiological deterioration

Front 108

Intervention(s) that help slow the process of aging include

Back 108

healthy diet.
low calorie intake.
aerobic and strength training.

Front 109

The American Medical Association describes alcoholism as

Back 109

An illness characterized by significant impairment directly related to persistent and excessive use of alcohol. Impairment can involve physiological and social dysfunction, and for psychological, social, and genetic reasons, some people are more vulnerable to this disorder than others.

Front 110

Warning signs of Alzheimer’s Disease include all of the following except
recent memory loss that affects job performance.
problems with language.
disorientation to time and place.
increased judgement.

Back 110

increased judgement

Front 111

A healthy diet for older adults includes special attention to which nutrient(s)?

Back 111

Vitamin D
Vitamin B-12
Calcium

Front 112

Which of the following factors is linked to an increased risk of cancer?
High physical activity
Obesity
Excess alcohol intake
Obesity and excess alcohol intake

Back 112

Obesity and excess alcohol intake

Front 113

The maximum age at which people die has increased dramatically in the last century

Back 113

False

Front 114

Adults should aim to spend at least 30 minutes in moderate physical activity on most (or all) days of the week.

Back 114

True

Front 115

Medications taken by the elderly can cause nutritional problems.

Back 115

True

Front 116

Excessive intake of vitamin A supplements can cause bone pain and hair loss in the elderly

Back 116

True

Front 117

Delayed wound healing should alert a clinician to examine the protein, zinc, and vitamin C intakes of an older person

Back 117

True

Front 118

The CAGE questionnaire is a popular and effective way to screen for alcohol abuse.

Back 118

True

Front 119

Men are advised to limit alcoholic beverages to three drinks a day, while women are advised to drink no more than two drinks per day.

Back 119

False