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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Intracanalicular internal auditory canal masses? |
Exclusively intracanalicular lesions: |
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Jugular fossa mass?
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Glomus jugular tumor (most common)
Neurofibroma (2nd most common) Schwannoma Chondrosarcoma Mets |
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Mastoid bone defect?
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Neoplastic bone destruction
Cholesteatoma Post-op simple mastoidectomy Post-op radical mastoidectomy Post-truamatic deformity |
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Petrous apex lesions? |
Cholesterol granuloma
Mucocele Epidermoid Chondrosarcoma Chordoma Enodlymphatic sac tumor |
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Ocular disease |
- melanoma most common ocular tumour
- second > mets temporal side of macula |
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Extraconal disease? |
Nasal disease:
Infection Neoplasm Orbital bone disease: Subperiosteal abscess Osteomyelitis Fibrous dysplasia Tumors Trauma Sinus disease: Mucocele Invasive infections Neoplasm Lacrimal gland disease: Adenitis Lymphoma Pseudotumor Tumor |
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Intraconal disease? |
Well-defined margins:
Hemangioma Schwannoma Orbital varix Meningioma Ill-defined margins: Pseudotumor Infection Lymphoma Mets Muscle enlargement: Pseudotumor Grave's Myositis Carotid cavernous fistula |
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Vascular orbital lesions?
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Tumor: |
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Optic nerve sheath enlargement?
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Tumor: |
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Tramtrack enhancement of orbital nerve?
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Optic nerve meningioma |
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Third nerve palsy?
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• dorsal midbrain (nuclear lesions) : usually small infarction (pupil sparing). |
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Ocular muscle enlargement? |
Thyroid ophthalmopathy; painless |
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Childhood orbital masses?
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"LO VISON"
Leukemia Optic nerve glioma Vascular malformation (hemangioma, lymphangioma) Inflammation Sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma Ophthalmopathy, orbital pseudotumor Neuroblastoma |
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Cystic lesions of the orbit?
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Dermoid
Epidermoid Teratoma Aneurysmal bone cyst Cholesterol granuloma Colobomatous cyst |
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T1 Hyperintense orbital masses?
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Tumor:
Melanotic melanoma Retinoblastoma Choroidal mets Hemangioma Detachment: Coat's disease Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous Trauma Hemorrhage Phthisis bulbi Intravitreal oil treatment for detachment |
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Globe calcifications?
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Tumor:
Retinoblastoma Astrocytic hamartoma Choroidal osteoma Infection: Toxoplasmosis Herpes CMV Rubella Phthisis bulbi Optic nerve drusen |
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Sudden onset of proptosis?
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Orbital varix
Hemorrhage CCF Hemorrhage into lymphangioma Thrombosis of SOV |
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Lacrimal gland enlargement?
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Lymphoid lesions:
Benign lymphoid hyperplasia Pseudotumor Sjogren's Mikulicz's Lymphoma Epithelial neoplasm: Pleomorphic adenoma Adneoid cystic carcinoma |
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Sphenoid wing lesions that can cause proptosis
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Sphenoid wing lesions
- Dysplasia (NF1) • Fibrous dysplasia • Paget's disease • Meningioma with hyperostosis of the sphenoid wing |
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Mucosal space mass in nasopharynx? |
Tumors:
SCCa Lymphoma Rhabdomyosarcoma Melanoma Benign masses: Adenoids Juvenile angiofibroma Thornwaldt's cyst |
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Parapharyngeal and carotid space masses?
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Tumors:
Salivary gland tumors Schwannoma, glomus vagale Nasopharyngeal carcinoma Lymphadenopathy Abscess, cellulitis |
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Prevertebral mass?
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Mets
Chordoma Osteomyelitis Abscess Hematoma |
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Cystic extrathyroid lesions in neck?
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Branchial cleft cyst (lateral to carotid artery)
Thyroglossal duct cyst (midline) Ranula of sublingal glands Retention cysts of mucus glands Cystic hygroma Cervical thymic cysts Dermoid Teratoma Hemangioma |
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Cystic extrathyroid lesions in naso-oropharynx?
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Thornwaldt's cyst
Mucus retention cyst Necrotic SCCa |
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Cystic extrathyroid lesions in larynx, paralaryngeal space? |
Laryngocele
Mucus retention cyst |
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Cystic thyroid lesions?
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Colloid cysts
Cystic degeneration Cystic tumors: Papillary cancer Cystic mets (papillary ca) |
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ENT complications in AIDS patients?
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Parotid:
Multiple intraparotid cystic masses Lymphadenopathy Sinonasal: Sinusitis Kaposi sarcoma Oral cavity: Candida Periodontal and gingival infections Pharynx/larynx: Opportunisitic infections Epiglottitis Lymphoma (tonsils) Temporal bone: Otitis media (P. carinii) Otitis externa (Pseudomonas) |
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Coloboma
- failure of fusion of an embryonic structure called the intraocular fissure. - Variable extension into optic nerve - 10% there are other CNS anomalies - COACH, CHARGE, PHACE |
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Leukocoria |
Retinoblastoma (47 percent of cases in one series) [10] |
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differential diagnosis of ‘tram tracks’ |
includes |
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primary optic nerve tumours
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OPG (80%)>meningioma
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PHACE-syndrome
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: Posterior fossa malformations, Hemangiomas, Arterial anomalies,Cardiac malformation and Eye abnormalities such as coloboma, glaucoma.
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Radiopaque jaw lesions
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PHPV |
- Persistent hyperplastic primary vitrous
- persistent hyaloid canal when the hyaloid artery does not integrate - second most common cause of leukocoria - retinal detachment (occurs in 30-55%) - patients also develop glaucoma and cataract |
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Coats disease
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retinal detachment in a young patient
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Staphyloma associations
degeneritve glaucoma connective tissue disorders, scleritis, necrotizing infection, trauma |
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- primitive neuroectodermal tumours.
- 75 % unilateral unifocal , 25 % bilateral or unilateral multifocal - bilaterally with pineoblastoma (trilateral), with, suprasellar (quadrilateral) - All bilateral cases are hereditary and result from a deficient tumor suppression gene on chromosome 13. |
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Eye tumours
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Most common ocular tumour > melanoma. Most common orbital mass > pseudotomour. Most common orbital tumour > cavernous haemangioma
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Lacrimal gland disease |
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Hearing loss
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Conductive
SNHL Mixed Trauma Congenital |
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Pulsatile tinnitus
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Vertigo
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Cholesteatoma vs COM |
- mass? - displaces ossicles - bony erosion |
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Vascular mass in middle ear?
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Glomus tympanicum |
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Entities ass with Choanal atresia |
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ENB - neuroendocrine malignancy of neural crest origin that arises from the olfactory epithelium - “Waist” is at the level of the cribriform plate (DUMBELL) - cyst at tumour brain interface - speckeld ca
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Associated abnormalities ◦ ENB patients occasionally present with paraneoplastic symptoms ▪ Cushing syndrome → adrenocorticotrophic hormone secretion ▪ Hyponatremia → antidiuretic hormone secretion |
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DDx |
Ranula |
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