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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define anatomical position in the West
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Standing erect,
arms down to one's side, palms turned so they can be seen clearly from the front |
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What are the three dimensions in the body?
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Height, width, depth
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What is the fourth dimension?
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Time
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What dimensions does a drawing have?
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Height and width
y axis, x axis |
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What axis do we use for:
Height Width Depth |
Height = y axis
Width = x axis Depth = z axis |
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How many planes do we get from the x and y axes?
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One
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How many planes do we get from three axes (x, y, z)?
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Three
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Body planes can be used to divide the body how?
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across the middle
from side to side front to back |
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What do we call the across the middle plane?
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Horizontal plane
Transverse plane Crosscut |
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Give two popular examples of creating a horizontal plane in the body:
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Magician sawing lady in half
Guillotine It creates a top and bottom part |
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What do we call a horizontal plane cut in a limb?
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Transverse plane/
crosscut |
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What do we call the cut that divides the body lengthways into left and right parts?
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Sagittal plane
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If it divides the body into EQUAL left and right parts it is called...
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Median plane/
midline |
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What plane divides the body into a clear front and back?
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Frontal plane/
coronal plane |
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Anatomical relationships describe...
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relative positions of parts to parts
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Closer to top/head
(horizontal plane) |
Cranial
Cephalad Rostral Superior |
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Further from top/head
(horizontal plane) |
Caudal
Inferior |
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Closer to midline
(sagittal plane) |
Medial
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Further from midline, closer to side
(sagittal plane) |
Lateral
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Closer to front
(coronal plane) |
Ventral
Anterior |
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Closer to back
(coronal plane) |
Dorsal
Posterior |
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A structure on the limb closer to body is called...
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Proximal
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Structure on limb further from body
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Distal
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The main terms we use for relative positions of parts to parts are:
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the Eeyore terms
Superior Inferior Anterior Posterior |
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What does Brunnstrom say about body planes and joint motion?
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All of the classic, single joint motions occur with respect to the cardinal planes.
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How do we define a motion in terms of body planes?
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We define a motion according to the body plane the part moves in if the part were in standard anatomical position.
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Frontal plane motion moves along which axes?
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pivots around z axis and travels through x,y plane
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Examples of frontal plane motion:
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Abduction (away from midline)
Adduction (towards midline) |
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Sagittal plane motion moves along which axes?
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occur around x axis, travel through y,z plane
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Examples of sagittal plane motion:
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Flexion (segments come closer together)
Extension (segments move away from one another) |
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Horizontal plane motion moves along which axes?
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around a y axis, travelling in the x,z plane
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Examples of horizontal plane motion:
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Rotations
Internal rotations - bring two points on anterior surface of body closer External rotations - bring these same points further apart |
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Pronation and supination describe...
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the turning motion of the forearm
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Arm in anatomical position with palm facing forward is described as
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supination
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If forearm turned over so that radius and ulna overlap and palm faces backward, this is described as...
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pronation
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Wrist motion is called either ______________ or
______________ |
radial deviation or
ulna deviation |
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Radial deviation means...
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wrist bending laterally towards radius
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Ulna deviation means...
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wrist bending medially towards ulna
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In the hand, where do we consider the center of the sagittal plane to be?
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Third finger
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Abduction and adduction in the fingers is determined by...
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whether the movement in question is towards or away from the third finger
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In the foot, where do we consider the center of the sagittal plane to be?
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Second toe
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Abduction and adduction in the foot is determined by...
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whether the movement in question is towards or away from the second toe
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In the thumb, flexion and extension occur in the...
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frontal plane
(because thumb is normally rotated 90 degrees from the plane of the hand) |
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In the thumb, abduction and adduction occur in the
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sagittal plane
(because thumb is normally rotated 90 degrees from the plane of the hand) |
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Foot: when heel on floor and toes in air we call it:
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dorsiflexion
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Foot: when toes on ground and heel in air, we call it:
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plantar flexion
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When ankle turned so we are on outside edge of foot, we call it:
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inversion
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When ankle turns so we are on arch of foot, we call it
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eversion
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For pronation and supination in the foot we adopt Brunnstrom's definition:
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pronation involves a depression of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot, and supination involve an elevation of this arch
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