Hmb Exam 2 Bacterial Growth

Front 1

infectious organisms have__________growth requirements that allow for maximum_________ in numbers of infectious organisms

Back 1

specific
increase

Front 2

effect of increased pathogens

Back 2

help to defeat the host defense

Front 3

each division of bacteria is called a____________

Back 3

generation

Front 4

the time between bacterial division (binary fission) is called_____________

Back 4

generation time - some pathogens have long generation times and some have short

Front 5

the shorter te generation time of a bacteria the (faster/slower) the number of bacteria (decrease/increase) within the host.

Back 5

faster
increase

Front 6

how well bacteria grows depends on the ___________in which the organisms live

Back 6

environment

Front 7

two categories of bacterial growth requirements

Back 7

physical
chemical

Front 8

3 classification of the physical requirements for bacterial growth

Back 8

temperature
pH
Osmotic Pressure

Front 9

Bacteria are found in all ranges of temp and can be separated according to__________ in which they grow_______

Back 9

temperature ranges
best

Front 10

psychrophiles grow at __________temp

Back 10

cold

Front 11

mesophiles grow at_______temp

Back 11

moderate (25-40 degrees celsius)

Front 12

most pathogenic bacteria grow at temp between

Back 12

25-40 degrees celsius

Front 13

thermophiles grow at ________temp

Back 13

high (above 45 degrees celsius)

Front 14

archea bacteria will grow in ___________temp

Back 14

extreme (high or low)

Front 15

minimum growth temp

Back 15

lowest temp at which organisms grow

Front 16

maximum growth temp

Back 16

highest temp at which organisms grow

Front 17

optimum growth temp

Back 17

temp at which the highest rate of growth occurs (varies between bacterial types)

Front 18

In some diseases,__________temp ranges are seen

Back 18

variable

Front 19

bacteria grow and survive in a wide range of pH, most prefer___________pH

Back 19

neutral (7.0) (optimal condition)

Front 20

acidophiles (mostly found in nature)

Back 20

bacteria that grow at extremely low pH values (acidic)

Front 21

helicobacter pylori

Back 21

causes stomach and duodenal ulcers
grow at low pH, not acidophile (facultative acidophile)

Front 22

Acidobacterium

Back 22

found in soil environments - prefers acidic conditions to grow in

Front 23

osmotic pressure

Back 23

pressure exerted on bacteria by the environment

Front 24

major agent exerting osmotic pressure is_________

Back 24

water

Front 25

osmotic pressure can_________bacterial growth

Back 25

inhibit

Front 26

high_________concentrations can be used to preserve food (cure meats)

Back 26

salt

Front 27

preserving food by high salt concentrations

Back 27

causes a hypertonic environment and plasmolysis

Front 28

using salt concentrations is an imperfect way to preserve food because some bacteria are___________ and thrive on high salt concentrations

Back 28

halophilic

Front 29

hypertonic environment

Back 29

water is removed from bacteria therefore inhibiting the organism to grow

Front 30

the human body is optimal growth place for bacteria because bacteria is provided with:

Back 30

optimal osmotic pressure (not salty)
optimal temp range
optimal pH range

Front 31

human body is an excellent_____________for pathogens

Back 31

incubator

Front 32

goal of a microorganism

Back 32

survival

Front 33

many chemical requirements for bacteria are the same as for_____________

Back 33

human cells

Front 34

carbon oxygen and hydrogen are required for__________________in chemical bacterial growth

Back 34

cell structures

Front 35

Nitrogen is required for__________________in chemical bacterial growth

Back 35

making bacterial amino acids and nucleic acids

Front 36

sulfur is required for__________________in chemical bacterial growth

Back 36

making some bacterial amino acids

Front 37

phosphorus is required for__________________in chemical bacterial growth

Back 37

making bacterial nucleic acids, membrane phospholipid bilayer, and ATP

Front 38

potassium, magnesium and calcium are required for__________________in chemical bacterial growth

Back 38

functioning of certain bacterial enzymes

Front 39

iron is required for__________________in chemical bacterial growth

Back 39

bacterial metabolism

Front 40

may bacteria do not require oxygen for growth, they undergo___________________

Back 40

anaerobic respiration or fermentation

Front 41

some bacteria die in the presence of oxygen due to______

Back 41

the production of superoxide free radical form of oxygen

Front 42

superoxide free radical form of oxygen

Back 42

unstable and steals electrons from other molecules which leads to death of organism

Front 43

bacteria that can grow in the presence of oxygen produce___________ which converts free radical oxygen to molecular oxygen and peroxide

Back 43

superoxide dimutase

Front 44

peroxide is

Back 44

poisonous

Front 45

2 enzymes produce by bacteria to deal with peroxide

Back 45

catalase
peroxidase

Front 46

catalase

Back 46

converts peroxide to water and oxygen

Front 47

peroxidase

Back 47

converts peroxide to water

Front 48

3 major categories of bacteria that based on oxygen

Back 48

obligate aerobes
obligate anaerobes
facultative anaerobes

Front 49

obligate aerobes

Back 49

require oxygen for growth

Front 50

obligate anaerobes

Back 50

cannot survive in the presence of oxygen
ex. clostridium perfringens - gas gangrene

Front 51

facultative anaerobes

Back 51

can grow with or without oxygen
ex. E Coli

Front 52

thioglycollate media

Back 52

substance used in oxygen experiments that prevents the diffusion of oxygen through it - depending on where your organism grows in this media defines the type of organism

Front 53

growth media must provide_______________

Back 53

all essential growth factors

Front 54

fastidious bacteria

Back 54

require a large number of growth factors
grow very slowly and can missed diagnostically

Front 55

2 types of growth media

Back 55

chemically defined media
complex media

Front 56

chemically defined growth media

Back 56

chemical composition known
lab analysis of specific bacteria

Front 57

complex growth media

Back 57

contains numerous ingredients of known chemical composition, digested proteins and extracts derived from plants and meats (direct chemical comp unknown)

Front 58

complex growth media is evaluated by placing it in___________

Back 58

nutrient agar or broth

Front 59

growth media is used to identify pathogens by

Back 59

use of selective media and differential media (many selective media can also be differential media)

Front 60

selective media

Back 60

one that contains ingredients that prohibit the growth of some organisms while fostering the growth of others

Front 61

differential medium

Back 61

one that contains ingredients that can differentiate between organisms ex. blood agar plates

Front 62

bacterial growth curve goes through 3 phases

Back 62

exponential growth phase
stationery phase
death or logarithmic decline phase

Front 63

in which phase of bacterial growth does antibiotics target the bacteria?

Back 63

exponential phase - cell wall production, transcription, translation and ribosomal activity targeted

Front 64

factors that affect diagnosis and treatment of infection

Back 64

degree of virulence (how well an organism is growing)
cultural beliefs