Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
114 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Defined as the study of body structures and the relation of one part to another.
|
Anatomy
|
|
|
Defined as the study of how the body works and how various parts function in relation to each other.
|
Physiology
|
|
|
Defined as the study of the development of the body from a fertilized egg, or ovum.
|
Embryology
|
|
|
The plane dividing the body into right and left halves.
|
Median or Midsagittal plane
|
|
|
Any plane parallel to the midsagittal plane.
|
Sagittal Plane
|
|
|
Plane that divides the body into anterior(front) and posterior(rear) sections.
|
Frontal or Coronal Planes
|
|
|
Plane that divides the body into superior(upper) and inferior(lower) sections.
|
Horizontal or Transverse Plane.
|
|
|
Near or toward the midline of the body.
|
Medial
|
|
|
Away from the point of origin.
|
Distal
|
|
|
Farther away from the midline of the body.
|
Lateral
|
|
|
Nearer the point of origin.
|
Proximal
|
|
|
Toward the head
|
Cranial
|
|
|
Toward the lower end of the body.
|
Caudal
|
|
|
The outward part of surface of a structure.
|
Peripheral
|
|
|
the body's self-regulated control of it's internal environment.
|
Homeostasis
|
|
|
physical and chemical breakdown of the food we eat into it's simplest forms.
|
Digestion
|
|
|
The process of absorption, storage, and use of these foods for body growth, maintenance, and repair.
|
Metabolism
|
|
|
What is known as "the secret of life?"
|
Protoplasm
|
|
|
A selectively permeable membrane surrounding the cell
|
Plasma Membrane
|
|
|
What controls the chemical reactions occuring in the cell?
|
Nucleus
|
|
|
How many chromosomes are in the human cell?
|
46
|
|
|
Which cells have their nuclei located at about the same level and are found in the linings of the uterus, digestive system, and respiratory system?
|
Columnar Epithelial
|
|
|
Which cells are cubical in shape and are found in the kidneys and ovaries?
|
Cuboidal Epithelial
|
|
|
Which cells are thin scalelike cells that are found in the tympanic membrane or free surface of the skin?
|
Squamous Epithelial
|
|
|
Which tissue is found between muscles and is an outside covering for blood vessels and nerves?
|
Areolar Connective Tissue
|
|
|
What is also known as "fatty tissue?"
|
Adipose Connective Tissue
|
|
|
Which tissue is considered voluntary and is attached to bones?
|
Skeletal Muscle Tissue
|
|
|
Which tissue is considered involuntary and are found in the stomach, intestines, blood vessels, and urinary bladder.
|
Smooth Muscle Tissue
|
|
|
What is the basic cell of the nerve?
|
Neuron
|
|
|
What is the study of the structure of bone?
|
Osteology
|
|
|
What is the hard outer shell of a bone called? The inner spongy portion called?
|
Compact bone and Cancellous Tissue
|
|
|
Which part of the bone houses marrow?
|
Medullary Canal
|
|
|
What is the thin outer membrane of the bone the supplies nurishment?
|
Periosteum
|
|
|
Name the short bones.
|
Wrist and ankle bones.
|
|
|
Name the flat bones.
|
Skull, sternum, and scapula.
|
|
|
Name the irregular bones.
|
Vertebrae, mandible, and pelvic bones.
|
|
|
How many bones are there in the skull
|
28. Six of which are ear bones.
|
|
|
How many bones are in the cranium?
|
8
|
|
|
How many facial bones are there?
|
14
|
|
|
How many bones are in the vertebral column?
|
24 movable, the sacrum, and coccyx. Total 26.
|
|
|
The ileum, ischium, and pubis form what?
|
innominate bone.
|
|
|
What is the longest muscle in the body?
|
Satorius muscle.
|
|
|
How much blood is in the average adult?
|
5-6 liters
|
|
|
Plasma constitutes ____% of whole blood.
|
55%
|
|
|
How many red blood cells are in the average man? average woman?
|
5 million per cubic millimeter in men and 4.5 million per cubic millimeter in women.
|
|
|
What is the key to the RBC's ability to carry O2 and CO2?
|
Hemoglobin
|
|
|
How many white blood cells are there in the average person?
|
6,000-8,000 per cubic millimeter.
|
|
|
What process allows WBC's to engulf disease-bearing bacteria?
|
Phagocytosis.
|
|
|
What is an increase in the number of WBC's called?
|
Leukocytosis
|
|
|
How many blood platelets, or thrombocytes, are in the average person?
|
250,000 per cubic millimeter.
|
|
|
What disease is characterized by delayed clotting of blood and consequent difficulty controlling hemorrhage?
|
Hemohilia
|
|
|
What is the heart lubricated with?
|
Pericardial fluid.
|
|
|
Do veins carry oxygenated, or deoxygenated blood?
|
Deoxygenated
|
|
|
What is commonly called the "pacemaker" of the heart?
|
Sinoatrial(SA) node
|
|
|
What is the largest artery in the body?
|
Aorta
|
|
|
What are the 3 principle venous systems of the body?
|
Pumonary, portal, and systemic.
|
|
|
All tissue cells of the body are continuously bathed in _____________?
|
Interstitial fluid
|
|
|
What are the two types of respiration?
|
1. Physical/Mechanical
2. Physiological |
|
|
What is also known as the "voice box?"
|
The Larynx
|
|
|
Where does oxygen exchange with carbon dioxide?
|
In the alveolar and capillary cell walls.
|
|
|
What part of the neuron acts as a receptor?
|
Dendrites
|
|
|
Which part of the neuron acts as a transmitter?
|
Terminal branches
|
|
|
What is the space between on neuron's terminal branches and the next one's dendrites?
|
The Synapse
|
|
|
What are the two main divisions of the brain?
|
The cerebrum and cerebellum.
|
|
|
Which portion of the brain is referred to as "gray matter" and why?
|
The cortex because it is unmyelinated.
|
|
|
Which portion of the brain is referred to as "white matter?"
|
The medulla
|
|
|
What divides the cerebrum into two halves?
|
The sagittal cleft
|
|
|
List what the lobes of the brain are responsible for.
|
Frontal: memory
Parietal: general sensations Occipital: sight Temporal: hearing |
|
|
What are the 3 layers of meninges?
|
The dura mater, the arachnoid membrane, and the pia mater (from outer to inner).
|
|
|
What part of the brain controls vital processes such as heart action, breathing, circulation, and blood pressure?
|
The medulla oblongata.
|
|
|
How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?
|
12 pairs.
|
|
|
Which nervous system gives a feeling of "flight or fight?"
|
The sympathetic system.
|
|
|
What is the olfactory cranial nerve responsible for?
|
Sense of smell.
|
|
|
What is the optic cranial nerve responsible for?
|
Vision.
|
|
|
What is the oculomotor cranial nerve responsible for?
|
Eye movement, size of pupil, and eye focus.
|
|
|
What is the trochlear cranial nerve responsible for?
|
Eye movements.
|
|
|
What is the trigeminal cranial nerve responsible for?
|
Sensations of the head and face and chewing movements.
|
|
|
What is the abducens cranial nerve responsible for?
|
Abduction of the eye(muscles that turn outward.
|
|
|
Which cranial nerve is responsible for facial expressions, secretion of saliva, and sense of taste?
|
Facial
|
|
|
Which cranial nerve is responsible for sense of hearing and balance or equilibrium sense?
|
Acoustic
|
|
|
Which cranial nerve is responsible for taste and other sensations of teh tongue, swallowing movements, and secretion of saliva?
|
Glossopharyngeal.
|
|
|
Which cranial nerve is responsible for the sensation of movement (e.g. decrease in HR, increase in peristalsis, and contracting of muschles for voice production?)
|
Vagus
|
|
|
Which cranial nerve is responsible for shoulder movements, turning movements of the head, and voice production?
|
Accessory
|
|
|
Whih cranial nerve is responsible for tongue movements?
|
Hypoglosssal
|
|
|
What is known as the "master gland" of the body?
|
Pituitary gland
|
|
|
Which hormone is responsible for body growth and developement?
|
Somatotropin
|
|
|
Which hormone is responsible for the growth of the thyroid?
|
Thyrotropin
|
|
|
Which hormone is responsible for the normal development and functioning of the reproductive system?
|
Gonadotropin
|
|
|
What control the rate of cell metabolism?
|
The thyroid gland
|
|
|
What is an enlargement of the thyroid gland?
|
Simple goiter
|
|
|
What are the two hormones produced in the female ovaries?
|
Estrogen and progesterone.
|
|
|
What portion of the eye lies in the orbit?
|
5/6
|
|
|
The anterior cavit of the eye is filled with a watery fluid called___________.
|
Aqueous humor.
|
|
|
What helps maintain sufficient pressure in the eye to prevent it from collapsing?
|
Vitreous humor.
|
|
|
What is known as the white of the eye?
|
The sclera
|
|
|
What is the anteriorly outer part of the eye known as the "window of the eye?"
|
The cornea
|
|
|
What is the middle layer of the eye called?
|
The choroid
|
|
|
What is the inner layer of the eye?
|
The retina
|
|
|
What structure in the eye allows for vision in the dark?
|
Rods
|
|
|
What is known as the deflection or bending of light rays in the eye?
|
Refraction
|
|
|
What is known as the increasing or decreasing in the curvature of the lens to refract light rays into focus?
|
Accomodation
|
|
|
What are the 3 auditory ossicles?
|
The malleus(hammer), the incus(anvil), and the stapes(stirrup)
|
|
|
What is the purpose of the auditory ossicles?
|
To transmit vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the fluid in the inner ear.
|
|
|
What is responsible for equalizing internal and external pressure in the ear?
|
The eustachian tube.
|
|
|
What is the snail-shaped structure that houses the organ of Corti?
|
The cochlea.
|
|
|
What is responsible for maintaining the body's equilibrium?
|
The 3 semicircular canals.
|
|
|
Which enzyme acts to break down starches?
|
Amylase
|
|
|
Which enzyme acts to break down fats?
|
Lipase
|
|
|
What are the 4 parts of the stomach?
|
The cardia, fundus, body, and pyloris.
|
|
|
What is the serous membrane lining of the abdominal cavity?
|
The Peritoneum.
|
|
|
What are the 3 parts of the small intestine?
|
Duodenum, Jejunum, and Ileum
|
|
|
What is the path that urine travels?
|
Kidneys, ureters, bladder
|
|
|
What is the functional units of the kidneys?
|
The nephrons
|
|
|
What is micturition?
|
Urination
|
