Hm 06 Human Anatomy And Physiology 3

Front 1

_____: Bending the arm or leg.

Back 1

Flexion

Front 2

_____: Straightening or unbending, as in straightening the forearm, leg, or fingers.

Back 2

Extension

Front 3

_____: Moving an extremity away from the body.

Back 3

Abduction

Front 4

_____: Bringing an extremity toward the body.

Back 4

Adduction

Front 5

_____: A movement in which the bone moves around a central point without being displaced, such as turning the head from side to side.

Back 5

Rotation

Front 6

_____: The movement of the hips and shoulders.

Back 6

Circumduction

Front 7

_____: Turning upward, as in placing the palm of the hand up.

Back 7

Supination

Front 8

_____: Turning downward, as in placing the palm of the hand down or placing sole of the foot to the outside.

Back 8

Pronation

Front 9

_____: Turning inward, as in turning the sole of the foot inward.

Back 9

Inversion

Front 10

_____: Turning outward, as in turning the sole of the foot outward.

Back 10

Eversion

Front 11

_____: Oval depression in the temporal bone that articulates with the mandibular condyle.

Back 11

Glenoid fossa

Front 12

_____: Ramp-shaped segment of the temporal bone located anterior to the glenoid fossa.

Back 12

Articular eminence

Front 13

_____: The knuckle-shaped portion of the mandibular ramus found on the end of the
condyloid process. It is positioned underneath the glenoid fossa and makes up the hinge joint of the TMJ.

Back 13

Condyle

Front 14

A contracting muscle is referred to as a _____. A muscle that is relaxing while a prime mover is contracting is called the _____.

Back 14

prime mover 原动力
antagonist 对手

Front 15

When a muscle contracts, it produces chemical waste products, carbon dioxide, lactic acid, and acid phosphate, which make the muscle more irritable. If contraction is continued, the muscle will cramp and refuse to move. This condition is known as _____.

Back 15

fatigue 疲劳

Front 16

When a muscle dies, it becomes solid and rigid and no longer reacts. This stiffening, which occurs from 10 minutes to several hours after death, is called ______.

Back 16

rigor mortis

Front 17

______, or muscular tone, is a continual state of partial contraction that gives the muscle firmness.

Back 17

Tonicity

Front 18

Which muscle?
Encircles the mouth (no attachement to bone)
Located between the skin and mucous membranes of the lips. Makes lips close and pucker.

Back 18

Orbicularis oris

Front 19

Which muscle?
Located in the walls of the cheeks, holds food in contact with teeth when chewing, and assists in blowing air out of the mouth.

Back 19

Buccinator

Front 20

Which muscle?
Raises and wrinkles the skin of the chin and decreases and protrudes the lower lip.

Back 20

Mentalis

Front 21

Which muscle?
Raises the corner of the mouth when smiling.

Back 21

Zygomaticus Major

Front 22

Which muscle?
Closes jaw; flat, thick muscle

Back 22

Masseter

Front 23

Which muscle?
Closes jaw; fan-shaped

Back 23

Temporalis

Front 24

Which muscle?
Closes jaw; parallels masseter muscle

Back 24

Medial pterygoid

Front 25

Which muscle?
Opens jaw; allows grinding action side to side, and protrudes the mandible

Back 25

Lateral pterygoid

Front 26

LIPS: The area of the external lips where the red mucous membrane ends and normal outside skin of the face begins is known as the ______

Back 26

vermilion border. 唇红

Front 27

Where are the sour receptors located on the tongue?

Back 27

back part

Front 28

Where are the bitter receptors located on the tongue?

Back 28

2 middle sides, left and right

Front 29

Where are the salt receptors located on the tongue?

Back 29

2 front and middle sides, left and right

Front 30

Where are the sweet receptors located on the tongue?

Back 30

front part

Front 31

_______ are the rough projections on the tongue.

Back 31

Papillae 乳突

Front 32

The ____ muscle anatomically and functionally form the floor of the mouth. They elevate the tongue and depress the mandible. Their origin is the mandible and insertion is the upper border of the ____ bone.

Back 32

mylohyoid muscles 下颌舌骨肌肉
hyoid bone

Front 33

The ______ muscles are found next to each other, on each side of the midline, directly on top of the mylohyoid muscle, and have the same origin and function as the mylohyoid muscle.

Back 33

geniohyoid muscles
origin is hyoid bone

Front 34

The salivary glands produce ____ pints of saliva daily, which greatly aids in the digestion process.

Back 34

two to three pint

Front 35

Which Salivary Glands?
On each side underneath the tongue, in the floor of the mouth, smallest of salivary glands

Back 35

Sublingual salivary glands
a pair.

Front 36

Which Salivary Glands?
Posterior portion of mandible, lingual to mandibular incisors; Walnut sized.

Back 36

Submandibular salivary glands
a pair.

Front 37

Which Salivary Glands?
Inside cheek, opposite maxillary second molar;
largest of salivary glands.

Back 37

Parotid salivary glands
just one.

Front 38

DEGLUTITION: 吞咽 (3 phases)
Phase One: _________.
Phase Two: _________.
Phase Three: ________.

Back 38

DEGLUTITION: 吞咽 (3 phases)
Phase One: The collection and swallowing of masticated food.
Phase Two: Passage of food through the pharynx into the beginning of the esophagus.
Phase Three: The passage of food into the stomach.