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10 Cards in this Set

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  • Back
DNA synthesis by the viral reverse transcriptase produces many errors. How is this advantageous for the virus?
This results in mutations in all of the HIV genes and a pool of mutant viruses. High mutation rate ensures that mutations will occur, and this strenghtens the viruses survival.
What are nucleoside and nucleotide analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors?
Reverse transcriptase inhibitors prevent copying of the HIV RNA genome into a proviral DNA genome. N-side and nucleotide analogs inhibitprimarily by serving as chain terminators after insertion into the growing DNA chain by reverse transcriptase.
Give some examples of drugs that qualify as agents of nucleoside and tide reverse transcriptase inhibitors?
Zidovudine(AZT) isa pyrimadine analog
didanosine, zalcitabine, lamidavine, stavadine, emtricitabine, tenofovir and abacavir.
What are nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors?
They act by binding in a noncompetitive, reversible manner to a unique site on the enzyme, altering its ability to function.
Efivirenz, delaviradine and nevirapine.
What are protease inhibitors?
They interfere with the processing of the polyproteins in the budding virion and result in noninfectious particles
Name some protease inhibitors.
Ritonavir,nelfinavir, saquinavir, amprenavir, indinavir and lopinavir.
What is a viral fusion inhibitor?
Enfuvirtide is a 36 amino acid peptide that binds to gp41 and inhibits the fusion of HIV with the membrane of the host cell
What is the effect of HAART on the incidence of opportunistic infections?
HAART is a combination of drug therapies that can lower the viral load to undetectable levels.
Can anything be done about perinatal treatment?
Zidovudine when adeministered to HIV-1 infected pregnant women during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters, followed by admiistration to infants during first 6 weeks of life reduces risk of maternal-infanttransmission of HIV-1.
Why is a vaccine for HIV apparantly impractical at this time?
HIV has a high mutation rate and antigenically distinct strains exist worldwide.