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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
DNA synthesis by the viral reverse transcriptase produces many errors. How is this advantageous for the virus?
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This results in mutations in all of the HIV genes and a pool of mutant viruses. High mutation rate ensures that mutations will occur, and this strenghtens the viruses survival.
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What are nucleoside and nucleotide analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors?
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Reverse transcriptase inhibitors prevent copying of the HIV RNA genome into a proviral DNA genome. N-side and nucleotide analogs inhibitprimarily by serving as chain terminators after insertion into the growing DNA chain by reverse transcriptase.
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Give some examples of drugs that qualify as agents of nucleoside and tide reverse transcriptase inhibitors?
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Zidovudine(AZT) isa pyrimadine analog
didanosine, zalcitabine, lamidavine, stavadine, emtricitabine, tenofovir and abacavir. |
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What are nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors?
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They act by binding in a noncompetitive, reversible manner to a unique site on the enzyme, altering its ability to function.
Efivirenz, delaviradine and nevirapine. |
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What are protease inhibitors?
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They interfere with the processing of the polyproteins in the budding virion and result in noninfectious particles
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Name some protease inhibitors.
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Ritonavir,nelfinavir, saquinavir, amprenavir, indinavir and lopinavir.
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What is a viral fusion inhibitor?
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Enfuvirtide is a 36 amino acid peptide that binds to gp41 and inhibits the fusion of HIV with the membrane of the host cell
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What is the effect of HAART on the incidence of opportunistic infections?
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HAART is a combination of drug therapies that can lower the viral load to undetectable levels.
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Can anything be done about perinatal treatment?
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Zidovudine when adeministered to HIV-1 infected pregnant women during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters, followed by admiistration to infants during first 6 weeks of life reduces risk of maternal-infanttransmission of HIV-1.
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Why is a vaccine for HIV apparantly impractical at this time?
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HIV has a high mutation rate and antigenically distinct strains exist worldwide.
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