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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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HIV-1 is phylogenetically divided into three groups. What are they? Which is the most prevelant?
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1. M - most prevelant
2. N 3. O |
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Where is HIV-2 mainly seen? What is different about the course of the disease in HIV-2?
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1. West Africa
2. Progression to AIDS takes 30 years |
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What is unique about SIVs in their original African hosts?
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They do not cause disease, but they do cause disease if they are transferred to non- African apes.
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When was AIDS orginally in the US?
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1969
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When is the estimated first infection of HIV?
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1930 +/- 10 years
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What is the cross-species jump of infectious agents from animals to humans called?
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Zoonosis
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What is one theory of how HIV disease was introduced to Africa?
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Polio vaccines given to Africans that were contaminated with SIV.
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What was one virus that showed up in the polio vaccines?
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SV40
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What must a cell express to be infected with HIV?
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1. CD4
2. CCR5 or CXCR4 |
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What is the function of CD4 in the infective process of HIV?
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CD4 opens the envelope of the virus
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What is the preferential cell type for replication of HIV?
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Activated memory CD4+ T cells in GALT
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During the first three weeks of infection HIV primaryly replicates where?
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GALT
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How long does the acute phase in HIV last?
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1-2 months
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When does the AIDS Related Complex stage occur?
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CD4+ T Cell count drops below 500
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At what point do normally controlled viruses start causing infections in AIDS?
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Below 200
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What is the most frequently done correlate of HIV disease?
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CD4+ T Cell Count
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What is in the HAART cocktail?
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Two different nucleoside analogues and a protease inhibitor.
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What is the new view of HIV pathogenesis?
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The damage done to your memory T cells during the first three weeks of infection determine how fast your disease will progress.
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What causes most of the death of CD4 T cells in HIV?
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Over stimulation due to the loss of T Regulatory cells. Cell lyses due due to viral infection is very uncommon.
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What are two different methods of viral escape?
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1. Escape by changing the epitope that viral antibodies bind to.
2. Escape by changing the glycan shield that causes steric hinderance of the viral epitope that antibodies bind to. |
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What is intra-host HIV evolution driven by?
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Continual immune-driven selection.
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How many new virions are produced in an untreated individual daily?
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10^10 to 10^12
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What are three strategies for HIV vaccines?
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1. Induce cellular immunity
2. Induce humoral immunity 3. Induce mucosal immunity |
