Hiv And Aids (Drugs)

Front 1

What does HAART stand for and what does it manage?

Back 1

highly active antiretroviral therapy

manages HIV

Front 2

The reading of RNA to make a DNA copy is performed by what?

Back 2

reverse transcriptase

Front 3

List the 5 nucleosides?

Back 3

Didanosine (ddl)
Lamivudine (3TC)
Tenofovir (TDF)
Zidovudine (AZT)
Emtricitabine (FTC)

Front 4

List the Non-nucleosides reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)?

Back 4

Efavirenz and Nevirapine; as well as Delavirdine and Etravirine

Front 5

Ritonavir, atazanavir, darunavir, indinavir, and nelfinavir; as well as fosamprenavir, saquinavir and tipranavir are examples of what class of drugs?

Back 5

Protease Inhibitors

prevent viral protein production (gag-pol-env)

Front 6

List the fusion inhibitor used to treat HIV?

Back 6

enfuvirtide

Front 7

What is the MOA of enfuvirtide?

Back 7

prevent fusion of HIV virus with the cell via binding to gp41
(not part of the initial HAART therapy but can be used later)

Front 8

What is the MOA of Raltegravir?

Back 8

Integrase Inhibitor:
inhibits HIV-1 integrase preventing integration and insertion of HIV DNA into human DNA

Front 9

What are the adverse effects of CCR5 antagonists?

Back 9

hepatotoxic, increase the risk for infections and malignancies, may cause systemic allergic rxns, and they may cause CV events (MI)

Front 10

Maraviroc is a member of what class?

Back 10

CCR5 Antagonists

Front 11

What is the basic goal of HIV treatment?

Back 11

Inhibit viral replication

Front 12

Someone who is HIV (+) with AIDS-defining illness should be treated?

T or F

Back 12

TRUE

Front 13

anyone who is HIV(+) with CD4 count of <650 cells/microliter should be treated?

T or F

Back 13

FALSE:

CD4 count of <350 cells/microliter

Front 14

Anyone is is HIV (+) and pregnant should be treated?

T or F

Back 14

TRUE

Front 15

What is the recommended HIV ART regimen in persons not treated before?

Back 15

2 NRTI + (1 boosted protease inhibitor OR 1 integrase inhibitor OR 1 CCR5 antagonist)

Front 16

Which specific drugs are recommended in treatement niave patients?

Back 16

tenofovir + emtricitabine + (one of the following):
efavirenz, ritonavir-boosted atazanavir, ritonavir-boosted darunavir, or raltegravir `

Hint 16

Tenofovir - nucleoTide RTI
Emtricitabine - NRTI
efavirenz - NNRTI
Raltegravir - Integrase inhibitor
Others - Protease Inhibitors

Front 17

What is the recommended regimen for HIV (+) pregnant women?

Back 17

2 NRTIs + 1 PI;
lopinavir + zidovudine + lamivudine

Front 18

What is the current CDC recommendation to further reduce transmission risk to the child of a pregnant HIV (+) woman?

Back 18

c-section at time of delivery

Front 19

What is acute retroviral syndrome and should it be treated?

Back 19

mononucleosis-like syndrome in the first weeks of HIV infection

It may be treated but at this time is still considered optional

Front 20

DOC for CMV retinitis?

Back 20

Ganciclovir

Front 21

DOC (2 drug combo) for cryptococcal meningitis?

Back 21

Amphotericin B and flucytosine

Hint 21

Once the patient becomes stable; transitioned to fluconazole

Front 22

Is prophylaxis against crytpococcal meningitis recommended?

Back 22

No

Front 23

What drug can be implimented in cryptococcal meningitis prophylaxis when the CD4 count is <50?

Back 23

fluconazole

Front 24

What macrolide is used to treat Mycobacterium avium comples (MAC)? What other drug is it combined with?

Back 24

Clarithromycin and ethambutol

Front 25

DOC for the treatment of or prophylaxis against Pneumocystis?

Back 25

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX)

Front 26

DOC for prophylaxis against toxoplasmosis?

Back 26

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

Front 27

What enzyme allows folate synthesis in bacteria ONLY?

Back 27

dihydropteroate synthetase

Front 28

Sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine, sulfasoxazole, dapsone; all inhibit what enzyme?

Back 28

dihydropteroate synthetase

Front 29

Enzyme that takes folate to tetrahydrofolic acid in eukaryotes and bacteria is what? and is inhibited by what 3 drugs?

Back 29

dihydrofolate reductase

trimethoprim, pyrimethamine and methotrexate

Front 30

Alternative as prophylactic agent against Pneumocystis infection?

Back 30

Dapsone OR
dapsone + pyrimethamine + leucovorin

Front 31

What are the two choices of combination drugs of choice for treatment of toxoplasmosis?

Back 31

1) TMP-SMX OR
2) pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine + leucovorin

Front 32

What criteria (3) must be met to get prophylaxis for coccidioidomycosis?

Back 32

live in an endemic area,
have a postive IgM or IgG titers to Coccidioides immitis,
and have CD4 <250

Front 33

What vaccine must be administered to all with a CD4 >200 who have not received the vaccine within the past 5 years?

Back 33

Polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine (PPV)

Front 34

Vaccine given to all HIV(+) patients with a CD count >500?

Back 34

Measles Mumps Rubella (MMR)

Front 35

Vaccine (live attenuated form is contraindicated) given annually to all HIV(+) patients?

Back 35

Inactivated influenza vaccine

Front 36

Those individuals exposed to active chickenpox or shigles who have these 3 criteria? are given what?

Back 36

3 criteria:
never received VZV vaccine,
no VZV history,
no VZV antibodies

Given: VZV immune globulin