Hiv

Front 1

HIV

Back 1

HIV

Front 2

Identify qualitative and quantitative defects of the CD4 cell population as the primary cause of the immunodeficiency seen in HIV infection

Back 2

Quantitative: with increasing duration of infection, the number of CD4 lymphocytes falls. Qualitative: defects in CD4 responsiveness induced by HIV

Front 3

Discuss how HIV affects macrophages and the humoral immune response contributes to clinical disease

Back 3

disordered CD4 lymphocyte fx lead to humeral depression of B cell responses to new antigen challenges. Macrophages act as reservoir for HIV & disseminate into organ systems.

Front 4

Identify the most common ways in which HIV is transmitted in the United States

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Sexual, needle sharing, mom to child, contaminated blood products, nosocomial infections

Front 5

Describe usage of ELISA antibody tests for screening for HIV infection, the role of Western blot assay as the specific confirmatory test, and the absolute CD4 lymphocyte count for prognosis and therapy* decisions

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Western blot used to confirm HIV since some ELISA has false positives. Absolute CD4 lymphocyte count used for Prognosis and therapy decisions

Front 6

What labs should you obtain for a newly diagnosed person with HIV

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Confirmation of HIV seropositivity, CD4 count & %, HIV mRNA (viral load), UA, CBC, CXR, Toxoplasma, syphilis, HEP, PPD, G6PD screen, other STD testing

Front 7

Describe the role of plasma HIV-1 RNA levels in the management of HIV infection

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Most prevalent in central Africa, US, Europe, and Australia, Type of HIV (other is HIV-2)

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Name some complications and sequelae of HIV-related infections and neoplasms

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Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), TB, atypical mycobacteria infection, CNS disease, Oral hairy leukoplakia, candidiasis, GI, Anemia, Skin manifestations, CMV retinitis manifestations

Front 9

Describe some of the CNS disorders that may be seen in HIV pt's

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toxoplasmosis, cryptococcal meningitis, AIDS dementia complex, etc

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What cells are principally infected and what is it's function

Back 10

CD4 (helper-inducer) lymphocyte, which directs many other cells in the immune network

Front 11

What happens once the latent state is extablished

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integration of the HIV genome into the cell’s genome

Front 12

In simple terms, what is HIV

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The hallmark of symptomatic HIV infection is immunodeficiency caused by continuing viral replication.

Front 13

What cells does HIV infect

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infects all cells expressing the T4 (CD4) antigen, which HIV uses to attach to the cell.

Front 14

What receptors are important for viral entry into the cell

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Chemokine receptors (CCR5 and CXCR4)

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Once HIV enters a cell, what does it do

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HIV can replicate and cause cell fusion or death