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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What was the main error of the Germans that allowed the Nazis the rise to power?
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The opposing parties didn't join together to form a major opposition to Nazis. 63% of the Weimar electorate was not the Nazis.
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Did the Nazis ever hold 51% of the electorate?
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NO those dips, they earned power a different way.
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Why was the KPD agaisnst the SPD
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Ferdy Lasalle (SPD) believed in Evolutionary socialism (BLASPHEMY!)
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1931 Stalin ordered the KPD to ignore ___ and direct all their energies against ____
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Nazis, SPD
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Vital Questions for the German Proletariat- WAS THAT?
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27 Jan 1932, Trotsky wrote it
29 paper delivered to KPD said: wage war on SPD not Nazis |
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SPD was hurt by 1932 why?
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losing people to KPD, tired, defeated from compromising with Great Coalition, Great depression, too indecisive, had 250,000 heavily armed fighters but unwilling to mount an attack
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Did Hindenburg roam with the dinosaurs?
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YEAH son, he was 84 yrold in 1932.
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describe hindenburg
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field Marshall from the hohenzollern general staff, junker, reactionary-conservative, staunch monarchist, protestant
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describe butt face hitler
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austrian, corporal, catholic, high school dropout, former tramp?, NAZI
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Election results of March 12, 1932
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Hindenburg- 49.6%
Hitler- 30% Thalman-6.8% |
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When was the run-off election in 1932
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April 10, 1932
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Flug Uber Deutschland?
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flew over Germany, 50 speeches in 21 days. Campaign: leaflets, speeches, marches, parades, editorials, rallies, meetings, posters
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what was Hitler's campaign?
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savior of the people, stab in the back myth, Hindenburg is senile, old and thalman is a murdering anarchist
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Results of April 10 election?
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Hindenburg 53%
Hitler 37% Thalman 10% |
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Who was Joseph Goebbels?
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Nazi campaign manager,
created leaflets with the "red bosses" "red killers" "red murder packs" "november criminals" |
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role of the SA in the campaign 1932?
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SA handed out leaflets, megaphone speeches, talking the party line, convincing against red commis, stiff uniforms showed Nazis promised order (commis promised anarchy)
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Ernest Rohm. Who dat?
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head of SA, invaded commi neighborhoods and began street combat, 1000 commis and SAs died
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July 17, 1932?
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SA invasion into Altona in Hamburg Germany
18 killed |
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July Reichstag election results in 1932?
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37% Nazi
14 % KPD |
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who did Hindenburg appoint to be Reich Chancellor
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Franz von Papen- aristocratic, old, less than 10% support in reichstag, convinced hind. to use Article 48 for less Reichstag days and new elections!
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November 1932 election results?
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Nazi: 33%
KPD 18% mad at Nazi's for bloody battles and slanderous attacks on Hindenburg, economy was slightly improving, more went to KPD, Nazi spent no more on campaign for nov. |
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Jan 30, 1933?
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FUCK!
Hitler is appointed chancellor because hind was a dumbass and thought that he could be pushed to the side so that the KPD could be crushed. |
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Where was the army?
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100,000 standing army, but the army wanted to overthrow gov. and win WWI- but not antisemitic!
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KPD?
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commis, ultra-violent, pro-working class, anti-union, anti-big industry, anti-GOD, hates SPD, hates NAzis, supported by working class in big cities.
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NAZIS!?
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-National socialist german workers party, anti-democratic, anti-free speech/press, ultra-racist, ultra-violent, pro-big business, supported by large segments of the lower middle class, large segments of rural farmers and big business& industry
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Catholic Centre Party
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Zentrum, pro-democracy, civil liberties, pro-family, supported by large segments of the German middle class & catholics
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SPD
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German Socialist Party, weimar republic, responsible for Versailles, pro-democracy, anti-big business, supported by german middle class and working class.
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German Nationalists
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ultra-fanatical, ultra-violent, bring back the good old days, anti-versailles, supported by veterans
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What is Sonderweg
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inevitability of Hilter as the rise of hitler (false-- acording to Evans)
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traditionalst argue what things lead to the rise of Hilter and made it inevitable
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elections of 1930-1933
the fact that the constitution of 1848 had too much centralized power, and no check and balances |
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what was the literacy rate in germany before hitler
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90%--a reason why hitler was not inevitable, they were well educated and were capable of making the right decision
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stab in the back myth
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1918--germany won the war but didnt get what they were promised
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when did germany have hyper inflation
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december 1923
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december 1923
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90% money families spent goes towards food
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what was the cause of inflation
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fragment the middle class. germans begin to lose faith in the current government
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what was the cult of violence
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1924-1934-- Nazi's kill/imprison SPD and KPD memebers to show their power
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when ws hitler appointed chancelor
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30 november 1933
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what was one effectof rearmnment
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gave hitler more power
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when did the fight on unions begin
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2 may 1933 after may day (SA violence)
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when was the left completed
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end of june 1933
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when did the nazis force hugenberg to resign
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15 june 1933
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when did the nazis force hugenberg to resign
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29 june 1933-- shows the influence of the nazis
they are creating a single party state |
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when was the reich party ban passed
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1 july 1933
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when did catholic center party get dissolved?
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20 july 1933
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why did the public follow the nazis
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blackmail, sa violence, needed to follow them to keep their jobs
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reich civil service law
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7 april 1933-- "coordination" everyone in germany fall in line
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when did SA violence explode on jews
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30 jan 1933-- right after the election
still needed public support so wait until after election |
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why didnt the boycott on jewish stores on 1 april 1933 work
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ended 5 april 1933
no one took it seriously ended up just replacing the jews that were in the job |
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Nazi violence against the left?
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Jan 31, 1933, hitler ordered SA to be more BA. smashing trade union offices, destroying printing presses of KPD and SPD, disrupting leftist meetings, and beating up opposition party delegates.
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who is goring?
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appointed Prussian Minister of the Interior, ordered SA squads to be attached to regular police squads.
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Reichstag Fair?
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Feb 27, 1933, Lubbe lit multiple fires in the reichstag building --> public was scared of communist violence
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28 Feb 1933 what happened?
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HItler convinced Hindenburg germany was on the brink of communist revolution so he enacted Article 48; also, there was the Reichstag Fire Decree
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Reichstag Fire Decree?
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28 Feb 1933, suspended civil liberties, temporarily suspended freedom of speech, press, and the right to assemble
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by the end of Feb 1933 how many KPD members were in camps?
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4000!
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Election March 5, 1933 results>
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Nazi: 44%,
SPD 18% KPD 12% CCC 11% 2/3 cast their vote for a non democratic party |
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ceremonial opening of the reichstag?
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March 21, 1933, in the Garrison Church, potsdam spectacle?
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March 23, 1933?
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HItler took control of Reichstag, with the Enabling Act
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Enabling Act?
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March 23, 1933, took away all power from the Reichstag for 4 years universal suffrage was suspended, and civil liberties were suspended indeterminately; passed with threats and coercion
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Crisis of 1923?
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political and economic, hyperinflation and attempted takeovers
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1919 Treaty of Versailles took away what?
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deprived 75% iron ore resources and 15% of arable land
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reparations sum?
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6600 million pounds
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Chancellor Wirth was in favor of?
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fulfillment of the Peace treaty but he was an exception
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Chancellor cuno?
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defaults on reparation payments 1922
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1923 french and belgians?
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occupy the ruhr to seize payment directly in the form of goods, resources, and machinery--> workers are passive resistant --> production fell and there were no goods to trade with, so gov printed more money
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nov 1923 exchange rate?
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the dollar was worth 4.2 billion marks
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1924 Dawes Plan
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spreads reparation payments over a longer period of time and gave Germany 800 million mark loan
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how did the hyperinflation affect the different classes?
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working classes: lose wages
lower middle classes: lose savings upper middle classes: lose confidence in government |
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Hitler's Beer Hall Putsch
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(munich Putsch) 1923, tried to gain power with army but failed, and sent to prison for 9 months where he wrote mein kampf
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