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86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the five themes of geography?
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1. Location
2. Place 3. Interaction Between People and their Environment 4. Movement 5. Region |
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Geography
(definition) |
the study of people and their envirionment
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relative location
(definition) |
the location of one place compared to the location of another
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physical characteristic
(definition) |
the landforms, climate, soil, and animal life of a place
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adaptation
(defintion) |
changing to better deal with your environment
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imports
(definition) |
goods brought into a country
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latitude
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measure distances north/south of the equator
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absolute location
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location based on latitude andn longitude points
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human characteristics
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people's way of life - activities, means of transportation, religion, and languages
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hidden costs
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like pollution and global warming
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exports
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goods sent to markets outside of a country
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prime meridian
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central line of longitude
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equator
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central line of latitude
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migration
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the movement of people and ideas
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interdependence
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the dependence on countries for goods, resources, and knowledge from other parts of the world
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What is the difference between a globe and a map?
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a globe is spherical and a map is a flat, distorted representation of the Earth
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what is the difference between climate and weather?
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climate is the average weather of an area, and weather can change on a daily basis
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what are the four major landforms?
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1. Mountains
2. Hills 3. Plains 4. plateaus |
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What are the three factors that affect climate?
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1. Latitude
2. elevation 3. nearness to waterbodies |
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What are the seven elements of culture?
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1. social organization
2. language 3. religion 4. arts and literature 5. customs and traditions 6. forms of government 7. economic systems |
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culture(definition)
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all the things that make up a people's entire way of life
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patriarchal
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a family in which the oldest male is in charge
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monotheism
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beleif in one god
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athiest
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beleif that there is no god or afterlife
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dictatorship
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where a person or groups holds power by force
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market economy
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businesses or industries produce and sell their own goods.
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nuclear family
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husband, wife, and children
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matriarchal
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family where the oldest female is in charge
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polytheism
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the beleif in many gods
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democracy
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the people have the power
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surplus
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an excess in food/goods
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command economy
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the government controls what goods are produced
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extended family
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many generations living in one household
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social mobility
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the ability to move up or down on the social/economic ladder
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agnostic
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someone who doubts the existence of god
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republic
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where people elect people to represent them
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traditional economy
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people produce most of what they need to survive - hunting, farming. they trade surpluses with others
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mixed economy
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the government controls a little, but mostly businesses have control over what they produce
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what are the causes of cultural change?
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1. technology
2. changing environment 3. new ideas 4. diffusion |
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what are examples of subcultures within our society?
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religious groups, social classes
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what is the difference between ethonocentrism and racism?
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ethnocentrism is thinking that your culture is superior, racism is judging people before you know them because of their ethnicity.
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What were the acomplishments of the Stone Age?
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-they made stone tools
-learned how to control fire -developed a language |
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what were the accomplishments of the ice age?
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-they made warm clothing out of animal skins
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what were the accomplishments of the first agricultural revolution?
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-they learned to farm and domesticate animals
-people could settle down in communities |
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what were the accomplishments of the first civilizations?
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-populations grew and they settled into river valley communities
-developed organized governments, complex religion, specialized jobs, social classes, and ways of keeping records |
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what were the accomplishments of roman and greek civilizations?
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-rome controlled the Mediterranean
-china controlled much of Asia and the Middle East |
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How did Islam spread?
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-trade fourished from India and China to the Middle East and parts of Africa
-they blended the learnings of earlier civilizations together - cultural diffusion |
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Where were the Aztec and Incan Empires?
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-Aztecs in Mexico
-Incas in the Andes in South America -highly advanced civilations |
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How was Europe during the Middle Ages?
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-less developed than China, India, and Africa
-on the edge of trade routes -rulers of small kingdoms fought with eachother |
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archeologist
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scientists who study the artifacts left behind by ancient peoples
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nomads
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hunting people who traveled with their supply of food
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civilization
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a highly organized group of people with their own langrage and ways of living
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pictographs
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pictures to keep track of numbers and stories
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domesticate
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to tame animals
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artisans
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skilled craftsworkers
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what were the acheivements of the Renaissance?
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-many advances in technology
-started to use money instead of trading |
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what the acheivements of the Age of Exploration?
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-Columbus found America
-Spain, Portugal, England and France built large empires |
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What were the acheivements of the Second Agricultural Revolution?
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-European farmers learned of new crops from the Americas
-new farming machines were developed -surpluses lead to population growth and urbanization |
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What were the achievements of the Industrial Revolution?
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-Machines replaced handtoold. Steam and electricity took the place of animal and human power
-factories developed -many countries became democratic and allowed their male citizens to vote -developed new transportaion and the telephone |
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What happened in the Age of Imperialism?
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-the Industrial revolution spurred the demand for new materials, and Europeans nations competed for control over them
-changed power relationships around the world, Europeans power were getting stronger -a lot of westernization in Europe -India adopted railroads and the idea of democratic government |
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What happened in the Cold War?
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-an arms race between the US and the Soviet Union
-war between US and communist countries to stop communist rebels in Vietnam -ended in 1990s witht the collapse of the Soviet Union |
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Vasco de Gama
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found water route around Africa to India
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urbanization
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growth of cities
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imperialism
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the control by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region
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westernization
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adoption of western culture
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superpowers
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United States and the Soviet Union
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capital
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money that can be invested in business venturesfor the purpose of making a profit
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suffrage
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the right to vote
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nationalism
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pride and loyalty to one's country
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entrepeneurs
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people who set up businesses in order to make a profit
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What are the challenges facing developing nations?
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-have a lot of debt
-to much population growth -a lot of illiteracy and uneducated people |
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What are the goals of developing nations?
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-moderization
-to get political stability -to get economic diversity -education and services |
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economic diversity
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a country producing a wide variety of goods
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literacy
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being able to read and write
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interest rates
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when a country borrows money, the lender charges intersts, which can lead to debt
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population density
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the average number of people living in an area of specific size
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cash crops
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cotton, rice, boffee, sugar
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independence
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don't have to depend on other nations for your well-being
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tariff
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a tax onn an imported good
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modernization
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set up stable governments and produce a high level of goods and services
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privitization
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selling state-owned industries to private investors
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debt
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owing money
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what are refugees?
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someone escaping their country because of poverty, wat, or harsh governments
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why is there so much illegal drug trade?
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there are a lot of poor people and they can make more money selling crops for drugs than growing food
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World Health Organization
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helps to wipe out deadly diseases
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Helskini Agreement
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for human rights, mor than 35 nations have signed it
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