History Unit 9

Front 1

Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse

Back 1

Idea that the "Horsemen" carried war, plague, famine, and death

Front 2

Golden Age

Back 2

A period of time termed by writers and artists at the time used to describe the Renaissance. In this period artists and writers thrived

Front 3

Renaissance

Back 3

A French word first used by historian Giorgio Vasari, meaning rebirth of the culture of classical antiquity. English adopted French term

Front 4

Rinascita

Back 4

Renaissance was translated from this italian word into French

Front 5

Giorgio Vasari

Back 5

-First used the word Renaissance to describe the art of rare men of genius

Front 6

Michelangelo

Back 6

Contempory of Vasari who also elaborated on the word Renaissance

Front 7

Vasari's Judgments

Back 7

-Judged the glory of the classical past
-Used Renaissance to describe painting sculpture and architecture

Front 8

Major Arts

Back 8

A term used to describe Painting, sculpture, and architecture
-Used to Describe on of Vasari's usage of the word Renaissance

Front 9

Italy in Renaissance Period

Back 9

-Word Derived from Italy
Italian art of the fourteenth century is described as Renaissance

Front 10

Basis for the Renaissance

Back 10

Economic Growth

Front 11

Economic Growth

Back 11

Basis for the Renaissance

Front 12

Florence

Back 12

-The first artistic and literary manifestations of the Italian Renaissance were found in this city
-Because of enormously strong economy, crises could not harm this city

Front 13

Edward III of England

Back 13

-Repudiated his huge debts to Florentine bankers and forced some of them into bankruptcy

Front 14

Communes

Back 14

Associations of merchants in Italian cities who sought political and economic independence from local nobles
-Members desired self government

Front 15

Oligarchy

Back 15

Form of govt used to describe the ruling of Italian feudal nobility and the commercial elite in the Renaissance period

Front 16

Popolo

Back 16

Disenfranchised, common who resented their exclusion from power
(Italian)

Front 17

Republican Governments

Back 17

-Govt where political power theoretically resides in the people and is exercised by chosen reps
-Popolo type government

Front 18

Condottieri

Back 18

Military leaders in Italian city-states who often took over political control as well

Front 19

Signori

Back 19

-Government by one-man rule, in which the ruler handed power down to his son
-Milan is an example (Italy)

Front 20

Courts

Back 20

Magnificent households and palaces where the signori and the most powerful merchant oligarchs required political business to be conducted

Front 21

Patrons

Back 21

Patrician merchants and bankers, popes and princes, who supported the arts as a means of glorifying themselves and their families

Front 22

Five powers in Italian peninsula

Back 22

Venice, Milan, Florence, the Papal States, and the kingdom of Naples

Front 23

Venice

Back 23

-Enormous trade empire making it an international power
-Oligarchy of merchant ran the city
-Republic in name but ^

Front 24

Milan

Back 24

-Called Republic
-Signori of Sforza ruled harshly

Front 25

Florence (politically)

Back 25

-Republican
-At one point ruled by Medici banking family

Front 26

Cosimo and Lorenzo

Back 26

Two who once ruled Florence "behind the scenes"

Front 27

Venice, Milan, Florence, the Papal States, and the kingdom of Naples

Back 27

Five powers in Italian peninsula

Front 28

Two who once ruled Florence "behind the scenes"

Back 28

Cosimo and Lorenzo

Front 29

Pope Alexander VI

Back 29

-Was aided militarily by his son Cesare Borgia
-Reasserted papal authority in the papal lands

Front 30

Cesare Birgua

Back 30

-Son of Pope Alexander VI who aided his father

Front 31

Aragon

Back 31

gained control of naples

Front 32

Balance of Power

Back 32

-When one state gained a predominant position within the peninsula, other states would become alies to achieve equal power

Front 33

Charles VII

Back 33

-Inaugurated a new period in Italian and European power politics
-Italy became focus and battleground

Front 34

Hasburg-Valois Wars

Back 34

-Series of conflicts taking place in France and the Holy Roman Empire

Front 35

Charles V

Back 35

-Emperor who led the frightful sack of Rome

Front 36

Francesco Petrach

Back 36

-Poet who thought he was living at the start of a new age, a period of light following a long night of Gothic gloom
-Said the Germanic migrations in inaugurated the "dark ages"
-Thought he was witnessing a golden age

Front 37

Studia humanitates

Back 37

The study of Latin classics

Front 38

Humanism

Back 38

The new philosophy that emphasized the critical study of Latin and Greek literature with the goal of understanding human nature

Front 39

Giovanni Pico della mirandola

Back 39

-Florentine writer who wrote the essay On the dignity of man
- Stressed that man posses great dignity because he was made as Adam in the image of God before the Fall and as Christ after the Resurrection

Front 40

On the Dignity of Man

Back 40

-Written by Giovanni Pico della Mirandola
-Renaissance humanists retained a Christian perspective
-Stressed that man possesses great dignity

Front 41

Humanists belief

Back 41

-Rejected classical ideas that were opposed to Christianity

Front 42

Individualism

Back 42

-A basic feature of the Italian Renaissance that stressed personality, uniqueness, genius and self-consciousness