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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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assimilate
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to become like the Americans in culture
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Passage of the Dawes Act wanted to ____
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"Americanize" the indians, broke up traditional reservations & made them smaller, forced them to own land & never move off it
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Destruction of the Buffalo! How were they destroyed & what was the effect?
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They were shot for sport, forced indians to assimilate, got in the way of the railroad
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Because of the growth of cities-growing demand for ___
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Beef!. . .cattle trails/drives
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where is chisolm trail?
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Fort Worth
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What is the Homestead Act?
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Offered 160 acres of land to citizens who were head of their household, would work 5 yrs until you owned it(white, male)
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Creation of the barbed wire. what is it?
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Fence w/out much wood to control cattle
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What was the Oklahoma Land Rush?
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Major land give-away attracted thousands & some took possession before the gov. declared it open & took it SOONER than they were supposed to; Oklahoma became known as the Sooner State
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Farmers suffered economic hardships such as:
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-cycle of mortgage & debt
-High RR rates -deflation of green backs *each problem led to the other |
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What is the Grange
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The 1st farmers' union, which grew into the farmers' alliance
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what did the grange grow into
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the farmers' alliance
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What is the definition of populism
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Demanded reforms to lift the burden of debt from farmers & other workers to give people a greater voice in their gov.
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What is the movement of the people?
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populism
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What is the populist party?
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populism
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Populism is the 1st _________
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3rd party
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What is bimetallism
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backing currency w/silver & gold
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What is gold standard
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backing durrency w/gold only
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Why did populism end?
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The democratic party lost the pres. election, so populism ended
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What did Edwin L. Drake do?
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successfully used a steam engine to drill for oil
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What's the Bessemer Process?
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injecting air into molten iron to remove the carbon & other impurities
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Who's Thomas Alva Edison?
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Pioneer on the new industrial frontier; established world's 1st research labratory
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What did Christopher Sholes invent?
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the typewriter
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who invented the typewriter?
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Christopher Sholes
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Who successfully used a steam engine to drill for oil?
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Edwin L. Drake
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Who established the 1st research laboratory?
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Thomas Edison
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Alexandar Graham Bell invented the ________
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telephone
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Who invented the telephone?
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Alexander Graham Bell
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What's the Transcontinental Railroad?
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A national railroad, which helped the country in transportation
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What did George M. Pullman build?
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a factory for manufacturing sleepers & other railroad cars on the Illinois praire
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Who built a factor for manufacturing sleepers & other railroad cars on the Illinois prairie?
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George M. Pullman
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Credit Mobilier-what is it?
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a fake company invented by a select few Union Pacific; supposed to get contracts to build RR, but tacked on extra $ for pocket. A few people from the Republican Party found out & took bribes, not $ but stock market, "donating" stock
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Munn V. Illinois-what is it
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supreme ct. held the granger Laws by a vote of 7 to 2. States won the right to regulate the railroads for a benefit of farmers & consumers
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What gave the states the right to regulate the railroads?
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Munn V. Illinois
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What's the Interstate Commerce Act?
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Established the right of the federal gov. to supervise RR activities & established a 5 member interstate commerce commission(ICC) for that purpose
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What established the right of the fed. gov. to supervise the RR Activities
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Interstate Commerce Act
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Vertical Integration?
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process in which companies buy out their suppliers in order to control the raw materials & transportation systems
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Horizontal Integration?
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companies producing similar products merge
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social darwinism
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grew out of the english naturalist charles darwin's theory of biological evolution
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John D. Rockefeller
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established the Standard Oil Comp
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who established the standard oil comp
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John d rockefeller
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what's the sherman anti-trust act
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banned monopolies, made it illegal to form a trust that interfered w/ free trade between states or w/ other countries
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Who's Samuel Gompers
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led the cigar makers International union to join w/other craft unions
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who led the cigar makers international union to join w/other craft unions?
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samual gompers
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American Federation of Labor(AFL)
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focused collective bargaining, or negotiation, between representatives of labor management, to reach written agreements on wages, hrs & working conditions
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Who focused collective bargaining, or negotiation, between representatives of labor management, to reach written agreements on wages, hrs & working conditions
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(AFL)American Federation of Labor
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Who's Eugene V. Debs
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attempted to form such an industrial union-the american railway union(ARU)
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who attempted to form such an industrial union-the american railway union(ARU)
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Eugene V. Debs
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Industrial Workers of the World(IWW)
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(the wobblies) welcomed blacks; an industrial union which included miners, lumberers & cannery & dock workers
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who included blacks & was an industrial union that included miners, lumberers & cannery & dock workers?
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IWW (industrial workers of the world)
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Who is Mary Harris Jones?
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Perhaps the most prominent organizer in the women's labor movement; supported the Great Strike of 1877 & later organized for the united mine workers of america
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who was Perhaps the most prominent organizer in the women's labor movement; supported the Great Strike of 1877 & later organized for the united mine workers of america
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Mary Harris Jones
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What was the 1st american invention to spread worldwide?
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time zones!
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time zones where the 1st american invention to do what?
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spread world wide!
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What did RR industries need to build & run RR?
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iron, steel, coal, lumber, & glass
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what where iron, steel, coal, lumber & glass used for?
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RR!, for building & running!
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Where is Ellis island?
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East coast of America in New York
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Where is Angel Island?
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West coast of America, San Francisco
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What does melting pot mean
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blend of many different cultures
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what is nativism?
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favoring own kind; extreme pride, hating outsiders coming in
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What's the Chinese exclusion act?
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restricted almost all Chinese immigrants
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Gentleman's Agreement was
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deal between US & Japan; Japan would limit emigration & US would end segregation of Japanese immigrants
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what's a blend of many cultures
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melting pot
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what's favoring own kind; extreme pride, hating outsiders coming in
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nativism
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what restricted almost all chinese immigrants
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chinese exclusion act
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what was the deal that the us agreed to not segregate japanese, if japan would limit immigrants
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Gentleman's aggreement
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What's urbanization
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unplanned rapid growth of cities
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what's unplanned rapid growth of cities
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urbanization
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what's americanization
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getting the diverse groups of immigrants to assimilate to american culture; assimilation
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what's getting the diverse groups of immigrants to assimilate to american culture; assimilation
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americanization
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as technology, such as the electric tractor, made some farm jobs no longer used, many farmers' families moved to ______ to look for work
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cities
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why did farmers move to cities
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farming jobs longer were used cuz of technology such as the electric tractor
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what technology made some farm jobs no longer used?
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electric tractor
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what is tenement housing?
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multiple families sharing a 1 family house
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what was developed to help people get around cities
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mass transit, such as street cars & subways
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why were mass transits, such as street cars & subways made?
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to help people get around cities
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what's it called when multiple families live in 1 house?
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tenement housing?
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why was water a problem?
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struggle to provide people w/safe water; most people didn't have indoor plumbing or even access to clean water
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why was sanitation a problem?
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horse manure piled up on streets, raw sewage flowed open in gutters, factories put out lots of foul smelling smoke
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why was crime a problem?
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grew rapidly in cities; new york had the first organized police, but most police forces couldn't combat the high crime rate, they didn't have good weapons
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why was fire a problem?
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because almost every building in cities were made of wood, fire spread quickly, plus candles & kerosene lamps were common fire starters & the lack of water didn't help either
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what's the social gospel movement
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reformers helped the poor while preaching salvation
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what's it called when reformers helped the poor while preaching salvation?
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social gospel movement
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what are settlement houses
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transition place for immigrants where reformers, such as jane addams(who had a really successful one) helped them find jobs/houses, learn english, basically assimilate to the american culture
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what is a transition place for immigrants where reformers, such as jane addams(who had a really successful one) helped them find jobs/houses, learn english, basically assimilate to the american culture
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settlement house
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what's jane addams' settlement house called?
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hull house
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who's settlement house is called hull house?
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jane addams
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what's a political machine
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organized group in pyramid structure that controlled the politics of a city by helping poor people, immigrants & business owners
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who's the top in the political machine
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machine boss/politician
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what does the machine boss do?
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controlled the money, progress, & gov. jobs of a city(he's like the king!), only 1 per city
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Who's 2nd in the political machine?
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Ward bosses, usually 5 per city
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What do ward bosses do?
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job was to secure the votes for their section of the city(5 per city)
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Who's 3rd in the political machine?
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prescient captains(usually 10) per city
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what did prescient captains do?
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worked more directly w/people of city to sway/buy their votes for the politician, then reported the ward boss
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what's a graft
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the illegal use of political influence for personal gain
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what's the illegal use of political influence for personal gain
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graft
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who's boss tweed w/ the Tammany Hall scandal
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most notorious political boss who ripped off NYC, was exposed by Political cartoonist, Thomas Nast
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what's patronage
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giving gov. jobs to friends/others who gave election support, (also known as spoils system)
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what's giving gob. jobs to friends/others who gave election support(also known as spoils system)
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patronage
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what's civil service
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gov. jobs should go to the person most qualified for the job
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what's it called? gov jobs should go to person most qualified for job
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civil service
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