Set the Language

We weren't able to detect the audio language on your flashcards. Please select the correct language below.

Front

Back

Flashcards
»
History-Unit 1: Cold War

History-Unit 1: Cold War

by Young4321, Mar. 2015

Favorite

Add to folder

Flag

Shuffle
Toggle On

Toggle Off
Alphabetize
Toggle On

Toggle Off
Front First
Toggle On

Toggle Off
Both Sides
Toggle On

Toggle Off
Read
Toggle On

Toggle Off

Reading...

Front

Card Range To Study

through

Play button

Progress

1/503

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

503 Cards in this Set

Front
Back

	What was signed at the Washington conference 1987?	The intermediate-range nuclear forces (INF) treaty. It got rid of all missiles with a range of 500-5500 km
	What major events happened in 1947	Cominform Truman doctrine and Marshall plan (containment)-
	What major events happened in 1948-49?	Berlin Blockade and Airlift Comecon NATO
	What major event happened in 1955	Warsaw Pact
	What major event happened in 1956?	The Hungarian Uprising
	What major events happened in 1958-63?	Berlin Flashpoint Cuba flashpoint
	When was MAD reached?	1965
	What major events happened in 1967-75?	Détente treaties and agreements Prague Spring
	What major event happened in 1979?	Soviet invasion of Afghanistan! (This caused détente to fall apart)
	What was signed in 1980?	Carter Doctrine
	What major events started in 1981-7?	Second Cold War (Reagan vs Russia)
	What major events happened in 1985-87	Gorbachev's new thinking Rehab and Gorbachev's summits and agreements
	What major events to place in 1989?	Fall of the Berlin Wall and East European communists. (A consequence of Gorbachev's new thinking)
	What major events happier in 1991?	The collapse of the Soviet Union
	Why did Stalin Blockade Berlin in 1948?	He was angry that the allies had unified their zones of Western Germany. He was afraid of the new currency making Western Germany more wealthy which would increase American power and make Western Berlin look more attractive and wearing soviet influence in Germany. He wanted full control of Berlin and force the western allies out. He hoped to achieve that by stopping supplies from the west by road or rail. He though there would be no allied response. He was wrong.
	How did the Allies respond to the Berlin Blockade?	The Berlin Airlift. Truman was determined to keep Western Berlin from being taken over by the USSR and turning communist. It was part of his containment policy.
	How many supplies were given to Western Berlin during the Airlift?	Over 2 million tons from 275,000 trips
	What was operation little Vittles ?	Part of the Berlin airlift. It involved American airmen dropping candy parachutes to Children in Western zones
	What were the effects of the Berlin Airlift?	It was a propaganda victory for the western allies. Stalin was shown to be cruel. The western zones of Berlin remained under western control. Germany was formally divided into two countries The allies created NATO The USSR retaliated with the Warsaw Pact.
	What is NATO?	A military alliance created in 1949 by the western allies. It was designed to protect each other from a soviet attack.
	What is the Warsaw Pact?	It's an alliance between the the USSR and it's Eastern European satellite countries. It was made in 1955 in retaliation to NATO
	What major conference was there in 1943?	The Tehran conference.
	What major conference was there in 1943?	The Tehran conference.
	Who attended the Tehran conference?	The big three (Stalin, Roosevelt and Churchill)
	What major conference was there in 1943?	The Tehran conference.
	Who attended the Tehran conference?	The big three (Stalin, Roosevelt and Churchill)
	What was agreed at the Tehran conference?	The USSR and the Western countries had 'spheres of interest' USSR had theirs in Eastern Europe and the Western countries in Western Europe. There should be no interfering in each other's areas.
	What major conference was there in 1943?	The Tehran conference.
	Who attended the Tehran conference?	The big three (Stalin, Roosevelt and Churchill)
	What was agreed at the Tehran conference?	The USSR and the Western countries had 'spheres of interest' USSR had theirs in Eastern Europe and the Western countries in Western Europe. There should be no interfering in each other's areas.
	What disagreements were there in the Tehran conference?	The fate of Germany. Stalin wanted them to pay reparations but the west wanted to rebuild Germany's strength and economy.
	What major conference was there in 1943?	The Tehran conference.
	Who attended the Potsdam conference?	Stalin, Truman and Atlee. Stalin and Truman shared mutual hatred.
	What was agreed at Potsdam?	Germany should be divided into 4 zones. Nazi party banned and leaders tried for war crimes. Germany to lose 25% of it's land to countries like communist controlled Poland.
	Why was the split of Germany into four zones significant?	This later led to the Berlin blockade and Berlin flashpoint as Berlin was in communist controlled Germany but half belonged to the west. The communists wanted to own all of Eastern Germany so sought on multiple occasions to take control of Western Berlin. This worsened international relations incredibly. Moreover, the west started treating the west like its own country before the two countries officially sit. This displeased Stalin.
	What disagreement were there in the Potsdam conference?	Stalin wanted reparations from Germany but the others didn't. Instead they could only take from the zone they controlled rather than the whole country.
	Why did Stalin dislike Truman in the Potsdam conference?	Truman wanted to intimidate Stalin with the news of the development of the first ever atomic bomb.
	Why did Truman dislike Stalin in the Potsdam conference?	Stalin refused to allow fair elections in Poland and effectively controlled it by choosing communist leaders.
	Who attended the Tehran conference?	The big three (Stalin, Roosevelt and Churchill)
	What was agreed at the Tehran conference?	The USSR and the Western countries had 'spheres of interest' USSR had theirs in Eastern Europe and the Western countries in Western Europe. There should be no interfering in each other's areas.
	What disagreements were there in the Tehran conference?	The fate of Germany. Stalin wanted them to pay reparations but the west wanted to rebuild Germany's strength and economy.
	Why did the west want to rebuild Germany's economy?	To trade with them and prevent future economic problems. It was believed that poverty led to hitler and, consequently, the Second World War.
	What major conference was there in February 1945?	The Yalta conference.
	Who attended the Yalta conference?	Stalin, Roosevelt and Churchill. Roosevelt and Stalin got on well.
	What was agreed in the Yalta conference?	The USSR would help the USA fight Japan. Poland could have a communist government. UN peace keeping organisation should be formed. Spheres of interest confirmed. All three countries wanted democracy. (Deceleration on liberated Europe)
	What did both sides disagree on at the Yalta conference?	Meaning of democracy. Metal in believed it meant that communists were in charge whilst the west felt it meant free elections and freedom of speech.
	What majors conference took place in July 1945?	Potsdam (the important one)
	When was the Truman doctrine and Marshall aid introduced?	1947
	When was the Truman doctrine and Marshall aid introduced?	1947
	What is another term for the Truman doctrine and Marshall aid?	Containment. This is because they were designed to prevent communism spreading into the west which would result in an increase of Soviet power!
	Why was Truman worried about Stalin wanting to spread communism into Western Europe?	Truman saw Western Europe as his sphere of interest and that if communism spread to the west then Stalin would become more powerful and threaten American power.
	When was the Truman doctrine and Marshall aid introduced?	1947
	What is another term for the Truman doctrine and Marshall aid?	Containment. This is because they were designed to prevent communism spreading into the west which would result in an increase of Soviet power!
	Why was Truman worried about Stalin wanting to spread communism into Western Europe?	Truman saw Western Europe as his sphere of interest and that if communism spread to the west then Stalin would become more powerful and threaten American power.
	How did Truman believe that Stalin would spread communism into the west?	By encouraging communist parties in the Western European countries to start revolutions.
	What did Truman believe to he the root cause for the spread of communism?	If there was misery and want. Aka, poverty, food shortages and bad living conditions.
	How did Truman hope to combat the threat of communist revolution in Western European countries?	He would send troops she weapons to any country threatened by communism. This was part of his 'Truman Doctrine'
	How did Truman hope to combat the threat of communist revolution in Western European countries?	He would send troops she weapons to any country threatened by communism. This was part of his 'Truman Doctrine'
	How did Truman hope to combat the threat of countries turning to communism as a consequence of poverty?	He gave people money as part of the the Marshall plan. It gave $13 billion in aid to countries affected by the Second World War to improve their economies and improve supplies and living conditions. It also benefitted the US because countries could only recurve money if they agreed to trade with America and buy American goods.
	How did Truman hope to combat the threat of communist revolution in Western European countries?	He would send troops she weapons to any country threatened by communism. This was part of his 'Truman Doctrine'
	How did Truman hope to combat the threat of countries turning to communism as a consequence of poverty?	He gave people money as part of the the Marshall plan. It gave $13 billion in aid to countries affected by the Second World War to improve their economies and improve supplies and living conditions. It also benefitted the US because countries could only recurve money if they agreed to trade with America and buy American goods.
	How did Truman hope to combat the threat of communist revolution in Western European countries?	He would send troops she weapons to any country threatened by communism. This was part of his 'Truman Doctrine'
	How did Truman hope to combat the threat of countries turning to communism as a consequence of poverty?	He gave people money as part of the the Marshall plan. It gave $13 billion in aid to countries affected by the Second World War to improve their economies and improve supplies and living conditions. It also benefitted the US because countries could only receive money if they agreed to trade with America and buy American goods.
	How much money was given to Western European countries thanks to the Marshall plan?	13 billion dollars.
	What did Stalin set up in retaliation to the Truman doctrine and Marshall plan.	Cominform and Comecon.
	What did Stalin set up in retaliation to the Truman doctrine and Marshall plan.	Cominform and Comecon.
	What was Cominform?	Communist information Bureau. It was set up to increase soviet control over Eastern Europe and in retaliation of the Truman doctrine. It encouraged communist parties in the west to strike in order to damage Western Europe's economies. It also got rid of anyone in Eastern Europe who was considered a threat to the Soviet Union.
	What did Stalin set up in retaliation to the Truman doctrine and Marshall plan.	Cominform and Comecon.
	What was Cominform?	Communist information Bureau. It was set up to increase soviet control over Eastern Europe and in retaliation of the Truman doctrine. It encouraged communist parties in the west to strike in order to damage Western Europe's economies. It also got rid of anyone in Eastern Europe who was considered a threat to the Soviet Union.
	What was Cominform the consequence of?	The Truman doctrine and Marshall plan. Without the Truman doctrine and Marshall plan, Stalin may not have felt that his control was being threatened and would not have had to set up Cominform in order to increase soviet power of Western Europe.
	What did Stalin set up in retaliation to the Truman doctrine and Marshall plan.	Cominform and Comecon.
	What was Cominform?	Communist information Bureau. It was set up to increase soviet control over Eastern Europe and in retaliation of the Truman doctrine. It encouraged communist parties in the west to strike in order to damage Western Europe's economies. It also got rid of anyone in Eastern Europe who was considered a threat to the Soviet Union.
	What was Cominform the consequence of?	The Truman doctrine and Marshall plan. Without the Truman doctrine and Marshall plan, Stalin may not have felt that his control was being threatened and would not have had to set up Cominform in order to increase soviet power of Western Europe.
	Why did Stalin refuse to let any countries in his sphere of interest accept Marshall aid?	He called it 'dollar imperialism'. In other words, the USA was trying to control countries by making them reliant on American money. Moreover, the money and improved living conditions would make communism seem less attractive.
	What did Stalin set up in retaliation to the Truman doctrine and Marshall plan.	Cominform and Comecon.
	What was Cominform?	Communist information Bureau. It was set up to increase soviet control over Eastern Europe and in retaliation of the Truman doctrine. It encouraged communist parties in the west to strike in order to damage Western Europe's economies. It also got rid of anyone in Eastern Europe who was considered a threat to the Soviet Union.
	What was Cominform the consequence of?	The Truman doctrine and Marshall plan. Without the Truman doctrine and Marshall plan, Stalin may not have felt that his control was being threatened and would not have had to set up Cominform in order to increase soviet power of Western Europe.
	Why did Stalin refuse to let any countries in his sphere of interest accept Marshall aid?	He called it 'dollar imperialism'. In other words, the USA was trying to control countries by making them reliant on American money. Moreover, the money and improved living conditions would make communism seem less attractive.
	What was Comecon?	Council for mutual economic assistance. It was the Soviet version of the Marshall plan. However, the soviets didn't provide as much aid as the US so Eastern Europe developed more slowly than Western Europe. Living standards were therefore lower. Moreover, Comecon benefited USSR as it was allowed to freely take from the satellite states but have very little in return.
	What did Stalin set up in retaliation to the Truman doctrine and Marshall plan.	Cominform and Comecon.
	What was Cominform?	Communist information Bureau. It was set up to increase soviet control over Eastern Europe and in retaliation of the Truman doctrine. It encouraged communist parties in the west to strike in order to damage Western Europe's economies. It also got rid of anyone in Eastern Europe who was considered a threat to the Soviet Union.
	What was Cominform the consequence of?	The Truman doctrine and Marshall plan. Without the Truman doctrine and Marshall plan, Stalin may not have felt that his control was being threatened and would not have had to set up Cominform in order to increase soviet power of Western Europe.
	Why did Stalin refuse to let any countries in his sphere of interest accept Marshall aid?	He called it 'dollar imperialism'. In other words, the USA was trying to control countries by making them reliant on American money. Moreover, the money and improved living conditions would make communism seem less attractive.
	What was Comecon?	Council for mutual economic assistance. It was the Soviet version of the Marshall plan. However, the soviets didn't provide as much aid as the US so Eastern Europe developed more slowly than Western Europe. Living standards were therefore lower. Moreover, Comecon benefited USSR as it was allowed to freely take from the satellite states but have very little in return.
	What did Stalin do in the 1948 Paris conference as a consequence of containment?	Walked out. He claimed that the Americans were deliberately trying to split Europe into two camps.
	What was life like for Hungarians before 1956?	Bad. There were poor living conditions and limited resources as a consequence of conecon. Moreover, they lived in fear of oppressive soviet control and the dictator Matyas Rasoki who developed salami tactics. He imprisoned 387,000 people and was responsible for more that 2,000 deaths during his regime.
	What was life like for Hungarians before 1956?	Bad. There were poor living conditions and limited resources as a consequence of conecon. Moreover, they lived in fear of oppressive soviet control and the dictator Matyas Rasoki who developed salami tactics. He imprisoned 387,000 people and was responsible for more that 2,000 deaths during his regime.
	What was Khrushchev's secret speech?	A speech made by Khrushchev after the death of Stalin that criticised the old leader of the Soviet Union and spoke of the hopes to end Stalinism.
	What was Khrushchev's secret speech?	A speech made by Khrushchev after the death of Stalin that criticised the old leader of the Soviet Union and spoke of the hopes to end Stalinism. It was misinterpreted by Hungarians who believed the oppressiveness of the USSR was coming to an end.
	What was Khrushchev's secret speech?	A speech made by Khrushchev after the death of Stalin that criticised the old leader of the Soviet Union and spoke of the hopes to end Stalinism. It was misinterpreted by Hungarians who believed the oppressiveness of the USSR was coming to an end.
	What were the causes for the Hungarian revolt 1956?	Poor living conditions. Fear of communist oppressive control. Hope given by secret speech.
	What was Khrushchev's secret speech?	A speech made by Khrushchev after the death of Stalin that criticised the old leader of the Soviet Union and spoke of the hopes to end Stalinism. It was misinterpreted by Hungarians who believed the oppressiveness of the USSR was coming to an end.
	What were the causes for the Hungarian revolt 1956?	Poor living conditions. Fear of communist oppressive control. Hope given by secret speech.
	What happened during the Hungarian revolt?	People demonstrated (which was illegal due to lack of freedom of speech). This quickly turned violent and people rioted. Petrol bombs were even thrown at soviet personnel services.
	What was Khrushchev's secret speech?	A speech made by Khrushchev after the death of Stalin that criticised the old leader of the Soviet Union and spoke of the hopes to end Stalinism. It was misinterpreted by Hungarians who believed the oppressiveness of the USSR was coming to an end.
	What were the causes for the Hungarian revolt 1956?	Poor living conditions. Fear of communist oppressive control. Hope given by secret speech.
	What happened during the Hungarian revolt?	People demonstrated (which was illegal due to lack of freedom of speech). This quickly turned violent and people rioted. Petrol bombs were even thrown at soviet personnel services.
	How did Khrushchev deal with the Hungarian revolt?	He appointed a new leader, Nagy. He hoped Nagy would make some small changes to keep the Hungarians happy and in check. Instead, Nagy made massive reforms which threatened soviet control in both Hungary and the whole if the Eastern bloc.
	What was Khrushchev's secret speech?	A speech made by Khrushchev after the death of Stalin that criticised the old leader of the Soviet Union and spoke of the hopes to end Stalinism. It was misinterpreted by Hungarians who believed the oppressiveness of the USSR was coming to an end.
	What were the causes for the Hungarian revolt 1956?	Poor living conditions. Fear of communist oppressive control. Hope given by secret speech.
	What happened during the Hungarian revolt?	People demonstrated (which was illegal due to lack of freedom of speech). This quickly turned violent and people rioted. Petrol bombs were even thrown at soviet personnel services.
	How did Khrushchev deal with the Hungarian revolt?	He appointed a new leader, Nagy. He hoped Nagy would make some small changes to keep the Hungarians happy and in check. Instead, Nagy made massive reforms which threatened soviet control in both Hungary and the whole if the Eastern bloc.
	What reforms did Nagy introduce?	Leaving the Warsaw Pact Free elections Asking the UN for protection from the soviet government.
	What was Khrushchev's secret speech?	A speech made by Khrushchev after the death of Stalin that criticised the old leader of the Soviet Union and spoke of the hopes to end Stalinism. It was misinterpreted by Hungarians who believed the oppressiveness of the USSR was coming to an end.
	What were the causes for the Hungarian revolt 1956?	Poor living conditions. Fear of communist oppressive control. Hope given by secret speech.
	What happened during the Hungarian revolt?	People demonstrated (which was illegal due to lack of freedom of speech). This quickly turned violent and people rioted. Petrol bombs were even thrown at soviet personnel services.
	How did Khrushchev deal with the Hungarian revolt?	He appointed a new leader, Nagy. He hoped Nagy would make some small changes to keep the Hungarians happy and in check. Instead, Nagy made massive reforms which threatened soviet control in both Hungary and the whole if the Eastern bloc.
	What reforms did Nagy introduce?	Leaving the Warsaw Pact Free elections Asking the UN for protection from the soviet government.
	Why was Khrushchev worried about Nagy's reforms?	He believed they threatened the soviet sphere of influence and their sphere if influence. He though this would influence other eastern bloc countries and that they'd follow suit in these reforms resulting in the end of soviet control over Eastern Europe.
	What was the buffer zone?	The Eastern bloc countries that acted as a type of shield between Western Europe and Russia in order to protect then from an attack similar to that of world war 2.
	What was Khrushchev's secret speech?	A speech made by Khrushchev after the death of Stalin that criticised the old leader of the Soviet Union and spoke of the hopes to end Stalinism. It was misinterpreted by Hungarians who believed the oppressiveness of the USSR was coming to an end.
	What were the causes for the Hungarian revolt 1956?	Poor living conditions. Fear of communist oppressive control. Hope given by secret speech.
	What happened during the Hungarian revolt?	People demonstrated (which was illegal due to lack of freedom of speech). This quickly turned violent and people rioted. Petrol bombs were even thrown at soviet personnel services.
	How did Khrushchev deal with the Hungarian revolt?	He appointed a new leader, Nagy. He hoped Nagy would make some small changes to keep the Hungarians happy and in check. Instead, Nagy made massive reforms which threatened soviet control in both Hungary and the whole if the Eastern bloc.
	What reforms did Nagy introduce?	Leaving the Warsaw Pact Free elections Asking the UN for protection from the soviet government.
	Why was Khrushchev worried about Nagy's reforms?	He believed they threatened the soviet sphere of influence and their sphere if influence. He though this would influence other eastern bloc countries and that they'd follow suit in these reforms resulting in the end of soviet control over Eastern Europe.
	What was the buffer zone?	The Eastern bloc countries that acted as a type of shield between Western Europe and Russia in order to protect then from an attack similar to that of world war 2.
	How did Khrushchev retaliate to the threat posed by Hungary?	He invaded...duh... He sent in 200,000 soviet troops and killed 20,000 Hungarians. Nagy escaped to a Yugoslavian embassy but there he was arrested and executed as an example to other countries who were in a similar situation to Hungary and were planning to follow suit with the reforms.
	What was Khrushchev's secret speech?	A speech made by Khrushchev after the death of Stalin that criticised the old leader of the Soviet Union and spoke of the hopes to end Stalinism. It was misinterpreted by Hungarians who believed the oppressiveness of the USSR was coming to an end.
	What were the causes for the Hungarian revolt 1956?	Poor living conditions. Fear of communist oppressive control. Hope given by secret speech.
	What happened during the Hungarian revolt?	People demonstrated (which was illegal due to lack of freedom of speech). This quickly turned violent and people rioted. Petrol bombs were even thrown at soviet personnel services.
	How did Khrushchev deal with the Hungarian revolt?	He appointed a new leader, Nagy. He hoped Nagy would make some small changes to keep the Hungarians happy and in check. Instead, Nagy made massive reforms which threatened soviet control in both Hungary and the whole if the Eastern bloc.
	What reforms did Nagy introduce?	Leaving the Warsaw Pact Free elections Asking the UN for protection from the soviet government.
	Why was Khrushchev worried about Nagy's reforms?	He believed they threatened the soviet sphere of influence and their sphere if influence. He though this would influence other eastern bloc countries and that they'd follow suit in these reforms resulting in the end of soviet control over Eastern Europe.
	What was the buffer zone?	The Eastern bloc countries that acted as a type of shield between Western Europe and Russia in order to protect then from an attack similar to that of world war 2.
	How did Khrushchev retaliate to the threat posed by Hungary?	He invaded...duh... He sent in 200,000 soviet troops and killed 20,000 Hungarians. Nagy escaped to a Yugoslavian embassy but there he was arrested and executed as an example to other countries who were in a similar situation to Hungary and were planning to follow suit with the reforms.
	Why was America afraid to offer Hungary aid?	It could've been seen as an act of war which would put them under threat of nuclear war.
	What was Khrushchev's secret speech?	A speech made by Khrushchev after the death of Stalin that criticised the old leader of the Soviet Union and spoke of the hopes to end Stalinism. It was misinterpreted by Hungarians who believed the oppressiveness of the USSR was coming to an end.
	What were the causes for the Hungarian revolt 1956?	Poor living conditions. Fear of communist oppressive control. Hope given by secret speech.
	What happened during the Hungarian revolt?	People demonstrated (which was illegal due to lack of freedom of speech). This quickly turned violent and people rioted. Petrol bombs were even thrown at soviet personnel services.
	How did Khrushchev deal with the Hungarian revolt?	He appointed a new leader, Nagy. He hoped Nagy would make some small changes to keep the Hungarians happy and in check. Instead, Nagy made massive reforms which threatened soviet control in both Hungary and the whole if the Eastern bloc.
	What reforms did Nagy introduce?	Leaving the Warsaw Pact Free elections Asking the UN for protection from the soviet government.
	Why was Khrushchev worried about Nagy's reforms?	He believed they threatened the soviet sphere of influence and their sphere if influence. He though this would influence other eastern bloc countries and that they'd follow suit in these reforms resulting in the end of soviet control over Eastern Europe.
	What was the buffer zone?	The Eastern bloc countries that acted as a type of shield between Western Europe and Russia in order to protect then from an attack similar to that of world war 2.
	How did Khrushchev retaliate to the threat posed by Hungary?	He invaded...duh... He sent in 200,000 soviet troops and killed 20,000 Hungarians. Nagy escaped to a Yugoslavian embassy but there he was arrested and executed as an example to other countries who were in a similar situation to Hungary and were planning to follow suit with the reforms.
	Why was America afraid to offer Hungary aid?	It could've been seen as an act of war which would put them under threat of nuclear war.
	How did USSR reassert control over Hungary.	They appointed a soviet loyal leader, Janos Kadar, and used the Hungarian army to control civilians. Due to these changes, Hungary was forced to remain in the Warsaw Pact.
	When did Khruschev set his first ultimatum for the Americans to withdraw their troops from West Berlin?	1958
	How did president Eisenhower respond to Khrushchev's ultimatum regarding the withdrawal of American troops from Western Berlin?	He called for a meeting. This is because he did not want to give up West Berlin but did not want to risk war. Khrushchev dropped his ultimatum as a consequence.
	Where were the first two meeting between Eisenhower and Khrushchev concerning the Berlin crisis?	Geneva and camp David. They couldn't reach an agreement over the situation, however.
	Why was the Paris conference, of 1960, such a disaster?	Khrushchev walked out after an American U2 spy plane was shot down over the USSR.
	What kay even happened at the Vienna conference of 1961?	Khruschev set a new ultimatum for Kennedy saying that US troops must be pulled out of Western Berlin within 6 months or declare war.
	How did Kennedy respond the Khrushchev's second Berlin ultimatum?	He refuse to pull troops out and spent over $3billion on weapons and nuclear shelters in case of nuclear war.
	How much money did Kennedy spend on weapons and nuclear shelters after the Vienna conference in 1961?	Over $3 billion.
	How did Khrushchev eventually resolve the refugee crisis?	Built the Berlin Wall separating east and West Berlin. He did this because he knew the USSR could not win a nuclear war against USA
	How did Kennedy respond the Khrushchev's second Berlin ultimatum?	He refuse to pull troops out and spent over $3billion on weapons and nuclear shelters in case of nuclear war.
	How much money did Kennedy spend on weapons and nuclear shelters after the Vienna conference in 1961?	Over $3 billion.
	How did Khrushchev eventually resolve the refugee crisis?	Built the Berlin Wall separating east and West Berlin. He did this because he knew the USSR could not win a nuclear war against USA
	What did Khruschev leave the Vienna conference believing about Kennedy?	He was a weak leader.
	How did Kennedy respond the Khrushchev's second Berlin ultimatum?	He refuse to pull troops out and spent over $3billion on weapons and nuclear shelters in case of nuclear war.
	How much money did Kennedy spend on weapons and nuclear shelters after the Vienna conference in 1961?	Over $3 billion.
	How did Khrushchev eventually resolve the refugee crisis?	Built the Berlin Wall separating east and West Berlin. He did this because he knew the USSR could not win a nuclear war against USA
	What did Khruschev leave the Vienna conference believing about Kennedy?	He was a weak leader.
	What did Kennedy do in response to the wall?	Very little. He felt he couldn't do anything and said "a wall is better than a war" 2 years after the wall's construction, he went to West Berlin to make a speech in support of West Berlin. "Ich bin win berlinner"
	What was America's influence in Cuba before the communist revolution in 1959?	It owned most of the large businesses and manipulated the leader who did whatever they said.
	Why was America worried about the communist revolution in Cuba?	Communism may spread where here in the Carribbean and South America which went against the containment policy. Moreover, Castro nationalised all American companies that were in Cuba and didn't pay them compensation.
	What did Kennedy do in response the Castro's revolution?	He stopped buying Cuban Sugar and banned all trade with Cuba hoping to force out Castro.
	What was Castro's retaliation to Kennedy's ban of trade between the US and Cuba?	He turned to the soviets and signed a trade agreement to swap Cuban sugar for soviet oil, machinery and weapons. The Americans consequently felt the need to be rid of Castro.
	What was the 'bay of pigs incident?'	An attempt by the Americans to overthrow Castro. 1,400 Cuban exiles were trained by the USA to invade Cuba from the bay of pigs to replace the communists with a pro American leader. However, the invasion attempt was defeated.
	What was America's influence in Cuba before the communist revolution in 1959?	It owned most of the large businesses and manipulated the leader who did whatever they said.
	Why was America worried about the communist revolution in Cuba?	Communism may spread where here in the Carribbean and South America which went against the containment policy. Moreover, Castro nationalised all American companies that were in Cuba and didn't pay them compensation.
	What did Kennedy do in response the Castro's revolution?	He stopped buying Cuban Sugar and banned all trade with Cuba hoping to force out Castro.
	What was Castro's retaliation to Kennedy's ban of trade between the US and Cuba?	He turned to the soviets and signed a trade agreement to swap Cuban sugar for soviet oil, machinery and weapons. The Americans consequently felt the need to be rid of Castro.
	What was the 'bay of pigs incident?'	An attempt by the Americans to overthrow Castro. 1,400 Cuban exiles were trained by the USA to invade Cuba from the bay of pigs to replace the communists with a pro American leader. However, the invasion attempt was defeated.
	How far was Cuba from the coast of Florida?	90 miles...in range of soviet missiles
	How many Cuban exiles took part in the bay of pigs?	1,400
	What did Castro do to protect himself from further American attacks?	Turn to Khrushchev who built missile sites and sent nuclear missiles to Cuba. This meant the soviets could now reach the USA with it's nuclear missiles.
	What did Castro do to protect himself from further American attacks?	Turn to Khrushchev who built missile sites and sent nuclear missiles to Cuba. This meant the soviets could now reach the USA with it's nuclear missiles.
	What happened in October 1962 concerning the Cuban missile sites??	An American U2 plane photographed Cuba and discovered the sites. This was the start of the crisis.
	How long did the Cuban missile crisis last?	13 days
	What two key reasons were the main risk of war during the Cuban missile crisis?	Kennedy's naval blockade Hawks and dives
	What were hawks and doves?	Kennedy's advisers. Hawks wanted a war as they believed America could win against the USSR. Doves sought a peaceful solution.
	How was the Cuban missile crisis resolved?	The soviets promised to remove their missiles from Cuba if the Americans removed theirs from Turkey. However, the removal from Turkey was kept a secret so the Americans considered it a victory. They had 'stood eyeball to eyeball' with Khrushchev and he had 'blinked first'
	What did Castro do to protect himself from further American attacks?	Turn to Khrushchev who built missile sites and sent nuclear missiles to Cuba. This meant the soviets could now reach the USA with it's nuclear missiles.
	What happened in October 1962 concerning the Cuban missile sites??	An American U2 plane photographed Cuba and discovered the sites. This was the start of the crisis.
	How long did the Cuban missile crisis last?	13 days
	What two key reasons were the main risk of war during the Cuban missile crisis?	Kennedy's naval blockade Hawks and dives
	What were hawks and doves?	Kennedy's advisers. Hawks wanted a war as they believed America could win against the USSR. Doves sought a peaceful solution.
	How was the Cuban missile crisis resolved?	The soviets promised to remove their missiles from Cuba if the Americans removed theirs from Turkey. However, the removal from Turkey was kept a secret so the Americans considered it a victory. They had 'stood eyeball to eyeball' with Khrushchev and he had 'blinked first'
	What was détente?	The warming of relations and relaxing of tensions as a consequence of the Cuban missile crisis. USA and USSR took multiple steps in order to reduce future threat of nuclear war.
	What did Castro do to protect himself from further American attacks?	Turn to Khrushchev who built missile sites and sent nuclear missiles to Cuba. This meant the soviets could now reach the USA with it's nuclear missiles.
	What happened in October 1962 concerning the Cuban missile sites??	An American U2 plane photographed Cuba and discovered the sites. This was the start of the crisis.
	How long did the Cuban missile crisis last?	13 days
	What two key reasons were the main risk of war during the Cuban missile crisis?	Kennedy's naval blockade Hawks and dives
	What were hawks and doves?	Kennedy's advisers. Hawks wanted a war as they believed America could win against the USSR. Doves sought a peaceful solution.
	How was the Cuban missile crisis resolved?	The soviets promised to remove their missiles from Cuba if the Americans removed theirs from Turkey. However, the removal from Turkey was kept a secret so the Americans considered it a victory. They had 'stood eyeball to eyeball' with Khrushchev and he had 'blinked first'
	What was détente?	The warming of relations and relaxing of tensions as a consequence of the Cuban missile crisis. USA and USSR took multiple steps in order to reduce future threat of nuclear war.
	What were some of the steps taken by USA and USSR as a direct consequence of the Cuban missile crisis, in order to reduce threat of nuclear war?	Hotline Nuclear test ban treaty (1968)
	What was the hotline?	Used to send messages between soviet and American leaders rather than threaten each other.
	What did Castro do to protect himself from further American attacks?	Turn to Khrushchev who built missile sites and sent nuclear missiles to Cuba. This meant the soviets could now reach the USA with it's nuclear missiles.
	What happened in October 1962 concerning the Cuban missile sites??	An American U2 plane photographed Cuba and discovered the sites. This was the start of the crisis.
	How long did the Cuban missile crisis last?	13 days
	What two key reasons were the main risk of war during the Cuban missile crisis?	Kennedy's naval blockade Hawks and dives
	What were hawks and doves?	Kennedy's advisers. Hawks wanted a war as they believed America could win against the USSR. Doves sought a peaceful solution.
	How was the Cuban missile crisis resolved?	The soviets promised to remove their missiles from Cuba if the Americans removed theirs from Turkey. However, the removal from Turkey was kept a secret so the Americans considered it a victory. They had 'stood eyeball to eyeball' with Khrushchev and he had 'blinked first'
	What was détente?	The warming of relations and relaxing of tensions as a consequence of the Cuban missile crisis. USA and USSR took multiple steps in order to reduce future threat of nuclear war.
	What were some of the steps taken by USA and USSR as a direct consequence of the Cuban missile crisis, in order to reduce threat of nuclear war?	Hotline Nuclear test ban treaty (1968)
	What was the hotline?	Used to send messages between soviet and American leaders rather than threaten each other.
	What was the nuclear test ban treaty of 1963?	An agreement to test weapons underground but not in the atmosphere?
	What did Castro do to protect himself from further American attacks?	Turn to Khrushchev who built missile sites and sent nuclear missiles to Cuba. This meant the soviets could now reach the USA with it's nuclear missiles.
	Why did France leave NATO after the Cuban missile crisis?	They were worried that it could be bombed and so if US-Soviet relations worsened in the future, it didn't want to be a soviet target again.
	What happened in October 1962 concerning the Cuban missile sites??	An American U2 plane photographed Cuba and discovered the sites. This was the start of the crisis.
	How long did the Cuban missile crisis last?	13 days
	What two key reasons were the main risk of war during the Cuban missile crisis?	Kennedy's naval blockade Hawks and dives
	What were hawks and doves?	Kennedy's advisers. Hawks wanted a war as they believed America could win against the USSR. Doves sought a peaceful solution.
	How was the Cuban missile crisis resolved?	The soviets promised to remove their missiles from Cuba if the Americans removed theirs from Turkey. However, the removal from Turkey was kept a secret so the Americans considered it a victory. They had 'stood eyeball to eyeball' with Khrushchev and he had 'blinked first'
	What was détente?	The warming of relations and relaxing of tensions as a consequence of the Cuban missile crisis. USA and USSR took multiple steps in order to reduce future threat of nuclear war.
	What were some of the steps taken by USA and USSR as a direct consequence of the Cuban missile crisis, in order to reduce threat of nuclear war?	Hotline Nuclear test ban treaty (1968)
	What was the hotline?	Used to send messages between soviet and American leaders rather than threaten each other.
	What was the nuclear test ban treaty of 1963?	An agreement to test weapons underground but not in the atmosphere?
	What did Castro do to protect himself from further American attacks?	Turn to Khrushchev who built missile sites and sent nuclear missiles to Cuba. This meant the soviets could now reach the USA with it's nuclear missiles.
	Why did France leave NATO after the Cuban missile crisis?	They were worried that it could be bombed and so if US-Soviet relations worsened in the future, it didn't want to be a soviet target again.
	What was Mutually Assured Destruction?	When the soviets increased their nuclear arsenal so America and the USSR was equally matched and would both be able to completely destroy each other in the case of nuclear war.
	What happened in October 1962 concerning the Cuban missile sites??	An American U2 plane photographed Cuba and discovered the sites. This was the start of the crisis.
	How long did the Cuban missile crisis last?	13 days
	What two key reasons were the main risk of war during the Cuban missile crisis?	Kennedy's naval blockade Hawks and dives
	What were hawks and doves?	Kennedy's advisers. Hawks wanted a war as they believed America could win against the USSR. Doves sought a peaceful solution.
	How was the Cuban missile crisis resolved?	The soviets promised to remove their missiles from Cuba if the Americans removed theirs from Turkey. However, the removal from Turkey was kept a secret so the Americans considered it a victory. They had 'stood eyeball to eyeball' with Khrushchev and he had 'blinked first'
	What was détente?	The warming of relations and relaxing of tensions as a consequence of the Cuban missile crisis. USA and USSR took multiple steps in order to reduce future threat of nuclear war.
	What were some of the steps taken by USA and USSR as a direct consequence of the Cuban missile crisis, in order to reduce threat of nuclear war?	Hotline Nuclear test ban treaty (1968)
	What was the hotline?	Used to send messages between soviet and American leaders rather than threaten each other.
	What was the nuclear test ban treaty of 1963?	An agreement to test weapons underground but not in the atmosphere?
	What was the cause for MAD?	The soviets realised they had been forced to back down in the Cuban missile crisis because they didn't believe they could win a nuclear war. Therefore, they spent billions on increasing and improving their nuclear arsenal.
	What was the cause for MAD?	The soviets realised they had been forced to back down in the Cuban missile crisis because they didn't believe they could win a nuclear war. Therefore, they spent billions on increasing and improving their nuclear arsenal.
	Who ran Czechoslovakia before Dubcek?	Novotny. He was a brutal dictator and soviet puppet who ruled with few freedoms, censorship and a secret police.
	What was the cause for MAD?	The soviets realised they had been forced to back down in the Cuban missile crisis because they didn't believe they could win a nuclear war. Therefore, they spent billions on increasing and improving their nuclear arsenal.
	Who ran Czechoslovakia before Dubcek?	Novotny. He was a brutal dictator and soviet puppet who ruled with few freedoms, censorship and a secret police.
	Why was the Czech economy bad prior to Dubcek's reforms??	It was really bad and most people had a decline in their living standards. There was a lack of goods such as fridges and furniture. This was due to the fact that the soviets hadn't invested much money into the Czech economy through Comecon.
	What was the Czech economy like prior to Dubcek's reforms??	It was really bad and most people had a decline in their living standards. There was a lack of goods such as fridges and furniture. This was due to the fact that the soviets hadn't invested much money into the Czech economy through Comecon.
	What did Dubcek's 'socialism with a human face' mean?	Getting rid of all the unpopular repressive parts of communist rule and allowing some freedoms.
	What was the Czech economy like prior to Dubcek's reforms??	It was really bad and most people had a decline in their living standards. There was a lack of goods such as fridges and furniture. This was due to the fact that the soviets hadn't invested much money into the Czech economy through Comecon.
	What did Dubcek's 'socialism with a human face' mean?	Getting rid of all the unpopular repressive parts of communist rule and allowing some freedoms.
	What were Dubcek's reforms known as?	The Prague spring. He believed they would improve the economy and way of life for pele.
	What was the Czech economy like prior to Dubcek's reforms??	It was really bad and most people had a decline in their living standards. There was a lack of goods such as fridges and furniture. This was due to the fact that the soviets hadn't invested much money into the Czech economy through Comecon.
	What did Dubcek's 'socialism with a human face' mean?	Getting rid of all the unpopular repressive parts of communist rule and allowing some freedoms.
	What were Dubcek's reforms known as?	The Prague spring. He believed they would improve the economy and way of life for pele.
	What reforms were in the Prague spring?	Less press censorship Opposition groups to be allowed-more democracy More toleration of political criticism More power for parliament 'Market socialism'
	What was the Czech economy like prior to Dubcek's reforms??	It was really bad and most people had a decline in their living standards. There was a lack of goods such as fridges and furniture. This was due to the fact that the soviets hadn't invested much money into the Czech economy through Comecon.
	What did Dubcek's 'socialism with a human face' mean?	Getting rid of all the unpopular repressive parts of communist rule and allowing some freedoms.
	What were Dubcek's reforms known as?	The Prague spring. He believed they would improve the economy and way of life for pele.
	What reforms were in the Prague spring?	Less press censorship Opposition groups to be allowed-more democracy More toleration of political criticism More power for parliament 'Market socialism'
	What was market socialism? (Czechoslovakia)	Some private businesses were allowed in the economy to boost living standards and wealth. It was similar to capitalism!!
	Who were not pleased with the Prague spring reforms?	Older communists and the soviet leader, Brezhnev.
	Who were not pleased with the Prague spring reforms?	Older communists and the soviet leader, Brezhnev.
	Who were not pleased with the Prague spring reforms?	Older communists and the soviet leader, Brezhnev.
	How did Dubcek feel about the Warsaw Pact?	He did not want to leave and did not seek to damage ties with the USSR.
	Why did the soviets fear the Prague spring reforms?	The felt that if they got away with it, other Eastern bloc countries would follow and it would weaken soviet power in Eastern Europe. Brezhnev therefore tried to persuade Dubcek to stop the reforms but Dubcek refused.
	How did Brezhnev seek to resolve the Prague spring crisis?	INVADING OF COURSE. He claimed that the Prague spring threatened the Warsaw Pact and ordered the army to invade under the Brezhnev doctrine.
	How did Brezhnev seek to resolve the Prague spring crisis?	INVADING OF COURSE. He claimed that the Prague spring threatened the Warsaw Pact and ordered the army to invade under the Brezhnev doctrine.
	How did Brezhnev seek to resolve the Prague spring crisis?	INVADING OF COURSE. He claimed that the Prague spring threatened the Warsaw Pact and ordered the army to invade under the Brezhnev doctrine.
	How did Dubcek respond to the soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia?	Ordered his people not to respond with violence. Protestors held banners, blocked tanks, threw stones and threw petrol bombs at soviet tanks. One man, Jan Palach, set himself on fire.
	How did Brezhnev seek to resolve the Prague spring crisis?	INVADING OF COURSE. He claimed that the Prague spring threatened the Warsaw Pact and ordered the army to invade under the Brezhnev doctrine.
	How did Dubcek respond to the soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia?	Ordered his people not to respond with violence. Protestors held banners, blocked tanks, threw stones and threw petrol bombs at soviet tanks. One man, Jan Palach, set himself on fire.
	What was the Moscow protocol?	A document that Dubcek had to sign after the soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia, which stated the Czech government would protect socialism by getting rid of Prague spring.
	How did Brezhnev seek to resolve the Prague spring crisis?	INVADING OF COURSE. He claimed that the Prague spring threatened the Warsaw Pact and ordered the army to invade under the Brezhnev doctrine.
	How did Dubcek respond to the soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia?	Ordered his people not to respond with violence. Protestors held banners, blocked tanks, threw stones and threw petrol bombs at soviet tanks. One man, Jan Palach, set himself on fire.
	What was the Moscow protocol?	A document that Dubcek had to sign after the soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia, which stated the Czech government would protect socialism by getting rid of Prague spring.
	What did USA do in response to the soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia?	Nothing because they were fighting in vietnsm. There was an unspoken agreement that they wouldn't intervene if the soviets didn't intervene with Vietnam.
	How did USA respond to the soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia?	Nothing because they were too busy fighting in Vietnam. There was an unspoken agreement that they wouldn't intervene if the soviets didn't intervene in Vietnam!
	How did communist parties outside the Eastern bloc respond to the soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia?	They're outraged and declared they wanted nothing to do with the soviet communist party. They called this euro communism.
	How did USA respond to the soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia?	Nothing because they were too busy fighting in Vietnam. There was an unspoken agreement that they wouldn't intervene if the soviets didn't intervene in Vietnam!
	How did communist parties outside the Eastern bloc respond to the soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia?	They're outraged and declared they wanted nothing to do with the soviet communist party. They called this euro communism.
	What did communist countries outside of soviet control do in response to the soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia?	They distanced themselves from the soviets and became friendly with China instead.
	How did USA respond to the soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia?	Nothing because they were too busy fighting in Vietnam. There was an unspoken agreement that they wouldn't intervene if the soviets didn't intervene in Vietnam!
	How did communist parties outside the Eastern bloc respond to the soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia?	They're outraged and declared they wanted nothing to do with the soviet communist party. They called this euro communism.
	What did communist countries outside of soviet control do in response to the soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia?	They distanced themselves from the soviets and became friendly with China instead.
	How did USA respond to the soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia?	Nothing because they were too busy fighting in Vietnam. There was an unspoken agreement that they wouldn't intervene if the soviets didn't intervene in Vietnam!
	How did communist parties outside the Eastern bloc respond to the soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia?	They're outraged and declared they wanted nothing to do with the soviet communist party. They called this euro communism.
	What did communist countries outside of soviet control do in response to the soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia?	They distanced themselves from the soviets and became friendly with China instead.
	How did USA respond to the soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia?	Nothing because they were too busy fighting in Vietnam. There was an unspoken agreement that they wouldn't intervene if the soviets didn't intervene in Vietnam!
	How did communist parties outside the Eastern bloc respond to the soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia?	They're outraged and declared they wanted nothing to do with the soviet communist party. They called this euro communism.
	What did communist countries outside of soviet control do in response to the soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia?	They distanced themselves from the soviets and became friendly with China instead.
	How did USA respond to the soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia?	Nothing because they were too busy fighting in Vietnam. There was an unspoken agreement that they wouldn't intervene if the soviets didn't intervene in Vietnam!
	How did communist parties outside the Eastern bloc respond to the soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia?	They're outraged and declared they wanted nothing to do with the soviet communist party. They called this euro communism.
	What did communist countries outside of soviet control do in response to the soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia?	They distanced themselves from the soviets and became friendly with China instead.
	When was the outer space treaty signed?	1967
	When was the 'Nuclear non-proliferation treaty' signed?	1968
	What was agreed as part of the outer space treaty?	No nuclear weapons in space. This prevented the arms race from happening in outer space. It was an extra of the test ban treaty and a part of détente.
	What was agreed as part of the 'Nuclear non-proliferation treaty'	No nuclear weapons could be given by USA or USSR to other countries or help then make nuclear weapons. It stopped the super power conflict spreading throughout the world and showed they could cooperate.
	When was the outer space treaty signed?	1967
	When was the 'Nuclear non-proliferation treaty' signed?	1968
	What was agreed as part of the outer space treaty?	No nuclear weapons in space. This prevented the arms race from happening in outer space. It was an extra of the test ban treaty and a part of détente.
	What was agreed as part of the 'Nuclear non-proliferation treaty'	No nuclear weapons could be given by USA or USSR to other countries or help then make nuclear weapons. It stopped the super power conflict spreading throughout the world and showed they could cooperate.
	When was the outer space treaty signed?	1967
	When was the 'Nuclear non-proliferation treaty' signed?	1968
	What was agreed as part of the outer space treaty?	No nuclear weapons in space. This prevented the arms race from happening in outer space. It was an extra of the test ban treaty and a part of détente.
	What was agreed as part of the 'Nuclear non-proliferation treaty'	No nuclear weapons could be given by USA or USSR to other countries o help then make nuclear weapons. It stopped the super power conflict spreading throughout the world and showed they could cooperate.
	When was SALT 1 signed?	1972
	What was agreed as part of salt 1?	Both sides agreed to stop making strategic (short range) ballistic missiles. They also wouldn't put nuclear weapons on submarines and could only have 2 systems each for shooting down missiles.
	What was the significance of salt 1?	It was the first time they agreed to limit (not reduce) nuclear weapons and showed they could cooperate. It was also a part of détente.
	When was the Helsinki conference?	1975
	What matters were agreements made upon in the Helsinki conference?	Security Co operation Human rights
	What was agreed concerning security at the the Helsinki conference?	Both the USA and USSR agreed the boundaries of east and West Berlin Both sides agreed to settle disputes peacefully without making threats.
	When was the outer space treaty signed?	1967
	What was agreed concerning cooperation at the Helsinki conference?	There should be more of it between the US and USSR through student exchanges, the sharing of scientific research, in fighting international terrorism and through trade.
	What was agreed concerning human rights at the Helsinki conference?	Both countries should respect then such as freedom of religion and freedom of speech (cough, Russia, cough)
	What was the significance of the Helsinki conference?	It created greater stability in US-Soviet relations and reduced conflict. It was also part of détente.
	When was the Apollo Soyuz mission?	1975
	What was the Apollo-Soyuz mission?	It was a joint space mission where an American and a soviet spacecraft docked above Earth. It was the first example of cooperation in space as in the 1960s, the space race had caused tension.
	What was SALT2	An agreement to reduce USA and USSR nuclear weapons to 2250 each. It was never signed due to the soviet invasion of Afghanistan and the consequent collapse of détente.
	When was the Intermediate-range nuclear forces (INF) treaty signed?	1987
	What was the Intermediate-range nuclear forces (INF) treaty?	It got got rid of all nuclear missiles owned by the USA and USSR with a range of 500-5500 km. It was significant because it was the first time the two super powers had reduced their nuclear missiles. It also showed that the soviets did not have any money to continue developing weapons as they pushed the agreement.
	Why was Brezhnev worried when Mohammad Taraki, leader of the communist revolution in Afghanistan, was killed?	He was replaced by Amin who was believed to be an American spy and unable to control the Muslims in the country which may result in Afghanistan becoming an Islamic Republic which could've already to nearby countries that were part of the USSR, weakening soviet control.
	How did the soviets respond to Amin becoming the leader of Afghanistan?	You guessed it-invading time! The soviets killed Amin and invaded Afghanistan. However, the soviets could not bring the whole country under it's control and 15,000 Russians died. It also cost a lot for the USSR.
	When was the 'Nuclear non-proliferation treaty' signed?	1968
	How many Russians died in the soviet invasion of Afghanistan?	15,000
	How much did the war in Afghanistan cost the Soviet Union?	Billions of roubles.
	How did carter react to the soviet invasion of Afghanistan?	He was furious and made his Carter Doctrine which states that the USA would not allow the soviets to take control of any territory in the Middle East.
	What was agreed as part of the outer space treaty?	No nuclear weapons in space. This prevented the arms race from happening in outer space. It was an extra of the test ban treaty and a part of détente.
	What was agreed as part of the 'Nuclear non-proliferation treaty'	No nuclear weapons could be given by USA or USSR to other countries o help then make nuclear weapons. It stopped the super power conflict spreading throughout the world and showed they could cooperate.
	When was SALT 1 signed?	1972
	What was agreed as part of salt 1?	Both sides agreed to stop making strategic (short range) ballistic missiles. They also wouldn't put nuclear weapons on submarines and could only have 2 systems each for shooting down missiles.
	What was the significance of salt 1?	It was the first time they agreed to limit (not reduce) nuclear weapons and showed they could cooperate. It was also a part of détente.
	When was the Helsinki conference?	1975
	What matters were agreements made upon in the Helsinki conference?	Security Co operation Human rights
	What was agreed concerning security at the the Helsinki conference?	Both the USA and USSR agreed the boundaries of east and West Berlin Both sides agreed to settle disputes peacefully without making threats.
	Why was president Carter afraid of soviet control in the Middle East?	He was afraid the soviets would control the oil supplies which would be bad for the USA.
	What was Reagan's opinion on maintaining good US-Soviet relations?	It was terrible. He felt détente made them look weak and that USA and USSR couldn't live peaceful. As a consequence, he saught to win in a nuclear war.
	What was Reagan's opinion on maintaining good US-Soviet relations?	It was terrible. He felt détente made them look weak and that USA and USSR couldn't live peaceful. As a consequence, he saught to win in a nuclear war.
	Why did Reagan consider the Cold War a fight between good and evil?	He was Christian and communism was anti religion. He felt God loved America and that the USA had a moral duty to defend freedom from the evil communists.
	What was Reagan's opinion on maintaining good US-Soviet relations?	It was terrible. He felt détente made them look weak and that USA and USSR couldn't live peaceful. As a consequence, he saught to win in a nuclear war.
	Why did Reagan consider the Cold War a fight between good and evil?	He was Christian and communism was anti religion. He felt God loved America and that the USA had a moral duty to defend freedom from the evil communists.
	What was SDI (Star Wars)?	A 'nuclear umbrella' which involved the use of satellites with lasers to shoot down hostile missiles.
	What was Reagan's opinion on maintaining good US-Soviet relations before 1985?	It was terrible. He felt détente made them look weak and that USA and USSR couldn't live peaceful. As a consequence, he saught to win in a nuclear war.
	Why did Reagan consider the Cold War a fight between good and evil?	He was Christian and communism was anti religion. He felt God loved America and that the USA had a moral duty to defend freedom from the evil communists.
	What was SDI (Star Wars)?	A 'nuclear umbrella' which involved the use of satellites with lasers to shoot down hostile missiles.
	Why did Reagan create the idea of SDI defence?	He hoped to make soviet missiles and force them to disarm. However, it was never actually possible...
	What was Reagan's opinion on maintaining good US-Soviet relations?	It was terrible. He felt détente made them look weak and that USA and USSR couldn't live peaceful. As a consequence, he saught to win in a nuclear war.
	Why did Reagan consider the Cold War a fight between good and evil?	He was Christian and communism was anti religion. He felt God loved America and that the USA had a moral duty to defend freedom from the evil communists.
	What was SDI (Star Wars)?	A 'nuclear umbrella' which involved the use of satellites with lasers to shoot down hostile missiles.
	Why did Reagan create the idea of SDI defence?	He hoped to make soviet missiles and force them to disarm. However, it was never actually possible...
	Why was SDI a turning point?	USSR could no longer keep up with USA in the arms race. Previously (during détente) they had been evenly matched (MAD) but USSR was unable to compete which worried them.
	What was Reagan's opinion on maintaining good US-Soviet relations?	It was terrible. He felt détente made them look weak and that USA and USSR couldn't live peaceful. As a consequence, he saught to win in a nuclear war.
	Why did Reagan consider the Cold War a fight between good and evil?	He was Christian and communism was anti religion. He felt God loved America and that the USA had a moral duty to defend freedom from the evil communists.
	What was SDI (Star Wars)?	A 'nuclear umbrella' which involved the use of satellites with lasers to shoot down hostile missiles.
	Why did Reagan create the idea of SDI defence?	He hoped to make soviet missiles and force them to disarm. However, it was never actually possible...
	Why was SDI a turning point?	USSR could no longer keep up with USA in the arms race. Previously (during détente) they had been evenly matched (MAD) but USSR was unable to compete which worried them.
	Why was USSR unable to complete with SDI?	USA had better space technology USSR had spent too much on weapons and war in Afghanistan to build space defences. Soviets lacked computer technology due to a suspicion of them and their potential to loosen soviet control.
	Why did US-Soviet relations improve after after 1985?	Gorbachev's new thinking Bankrupt USSR Reagan's change in attitude.
	Why did US-Soviet relations improve after after 1985?	Gorbachev's new thinking Bankrupt USSR Reagan's change in attitude.
	Why did Gorbachev believe soviet control in Eastern Europe was in danger?	Political and economic problems resulted in low living standards, lack of investment in technology and increasingly unhappy people.
	Why did US-Soviet relations improve after after 1985?	Gorbachev's new thinking Bankrupt USSR Reagan's change in attitude.
	Why did Gorbachev believe soviet control in Eastern Europe was in danger?	Political and economic problems resulted in low living standards, lack of investment in technology and increasingly unhappy people.
	What were the economic problems faces by Eastern Europe after 1985, at the start of Gorbachev's role as premier.	Food shortages, low living standards and a lack of investment in technology which led to the famous Chernobyl power plant explosion.
	When was the famous Chernobyl power plant explosion?	1986
	Why did US-Soviet relations improve after after 1985?	Gorbachev's new thinking Bankrupt USSR Reagan's change in attitude.
	Why did Gorbachev believe soviet control in Eastern Europe was in danger?	Political and economic problems resulted in low living standards, lack of investment in technology and increasingly unhappy people.
	What were the economic problems faces by Eastern Europe after 1985, at the start of Gorbachev's role as premier.	Food shortages, low living standards and a lack of investment in technology which led to the famous Chernobyl power plant explosion.
	When was the famous Chernobyl power plant explosion?	1986
	Why were people increasingly unhappy with communist leaders around 1985?	Because people had poor living standards and a lack of freedoms whilst leaders had better health care, better schools, better houses and better food...was that really communism)
	Why did US-Soviet relations improve after after 1985?	Gorbachev's new thinking Bankrupt USSR Reagan's change in attitude.
	Why did Gorbachev believe soviet control in Eastern Europe was in danger?	Political and economic problems resulted in low living standards, lack of investment in technology and increasingly unhappy people.
	What were the economic problems faces by Eastern Europe after 1985, at the start of Gorbachev's role as premier.	Food shortages, low living standards and a lack of investment in technology which led to the famous Chernobyl power plant explosion.
	When was the famous Chernobyl power plant explosion?	1986
	Why were people increasingly unhappy with communist leaders around 1985?	Because people had poor living standards and a lack of freedoms whilst leaders had better health care, better schools, better houses and better food...was that really communism)
	What were Gorbachev's two policies to strengthen communist control?	Perestroika (restructuring) Glasnost (openness)
	Why did US-Soviet relations improve after after 1985?	Gorbachev's new thinking Bankrupt USSR Reagan's change in attitude.
	Why did Gorbachev believe soviet control in Eastern Europe was in danger?	Political and economic problems resulted in low living standards, lack of investment in technology and increasingly unhappy people.
	What were the economic problems faces by Eastern Europe after 1985, at the start of Gorbachev's role as premier.	Food shortages, low living standards and a lack of investment in technology which led to the famous Chernobyl power plant explosion.
	When was the famous Chernobyl power plant explosion?	1986
	Why were people increasingly unhappy with communist leaders around 1985?	Because people had poor living standards and a lack of freedoms whilst leaders had better health care, better schools, better houses and better food...was that really communism)
	What were Gorbachev's two policies to strengthen communist control?	Perestroika (restructuring) Glasnost (openness)
	What was perestroika?	A series of economic reforms such as allowing small businesses to make a profit to encourage the production of more and better quality good in order to improve loving conditions.
	Why did US-Soviet relations improve after after 1985?	Gorbachev's new thinking Bankrupt USSR Reagan's change in attitude.
	Why did Gorbachev believe soviet control in Eastern Europe was in danger?	Political and economic problems resulted in low living standards, lack of investment in technology and increasingly unhappy people.
	What were the economic problems faces by Eastern Europe after 1985, at the start of Gorbachev's role as premier.	Food shortages, low living standards and a lack of investment in technology which led to the famous Chernobyl power plant explosion.
	When was the famous Chernobyl power plant explosion?	1986
	Why were people increasingly unhappy with communist leaders around 1985?	Because people had poor living standards and a lack of freedoms whilst leaders had better health care, better schools, better houses and better food...was that really communism)
	What were Gorbachev's two policies to strengthen communist control?	Perestroika (restructuring) Glasnost (openness)
	What was perestroika?	A series of economic reforms such as allowing small businesses to make a profit to encourage the production of more and better quality good in order to improve loving conditions.
	What was glasnost?	It allowed more political freedoms. There was reduced censorship and people were allowed to criticise the government. However, he still did not hold free elections and tried to cover up the Chernobyl disaster.
	Why did US-Soviet relations improve after after 1985?	Gorbachev's new thinking Bankrupt USSR Reagan's change in attitude.
	Why did Gorbachev believe soviet control in Eastern Europe was in danger?	Political and economic problems resulted in low living standards, lack of investment in technology and increasingly unhappy people.
	What were the economic problems faces by Eastern Europe after 1985, at the start of Gorbachev's role as premier.	Food shortages, low living standards and a lack of investment in technology which led to the famous Chernobyl power plant explosion.
	When was the famous Chernobyl power plant explosion?	1986
	Why were people increasingly unhappy with communist leaders around 1985?	Because people had poor living standards and a lack of freedoms whilst leaders had better health care, better schools, better houses and better food...was that really communism)
	What were Gorbachev's two policies to strengthen communist control?	Perestroika (restructuring) Glasnost (openness)
	What was perestroika?	A series of economic reforms such as allowing small businesses to make a profit to encourage the production of more and better quality good in order to improve loving conditions.
	What was glasnost?	It allowed more political freedoms. There was reduced censorship and people were allowed to criticise the government. However, he still did not hold free elections and tried to cover up the Chernobyl disaster.
	What was the impact of Gorbachev's reforms on US-Soviet relation?	Reagan was very impressed and wanted to make agreements on trade and weapons to improve relations and ease tensions after Star Wars and the evil empire speech.
	Why did US-Soviet relations improve after after 1985?	Gorbachev's new thinking Bankrupt USSR Reagan's change in attitude.
	Why did Gorbachev believe soviet control in Eastern Europe was in danger?	Political and economic problems resulted in low living standards, lack of investment in technology and increasingly unhappy people.
	What were the economic problems faces by Eastern Europe after 1985, at the start of Gorbachev's role as premier.	Food shortages, low living standards and a lack of investment in technology which led to the famous Chernobyl power plant explosion.
	When was the famous Chernobyl power plant explosion?	1986
	Why were people increasingly unhappy with communist leaders around 1985?	Because people had poor living standards and a lack of freedoms whilst leaders had better health care, better schools, better houses and better food...was that really communism)
	What were Gorbachev's two policies to strengthen communist control?	Perestroika (restructuring) Glasnost (openness)
	What was perestroika?	A series of economic reforms such as allowing small businesses to make a profit to encourage the production of more and better quality good in order to improve loving conditions.
	What was glasnost?	It allowed more political freedoms. There was reduced censorship and people were allowed to criticise the government. However, he still did not hold free elections and tried to cover up the Chernobyl disaster.
	What was the impact of Gorbachev's reforms on US-Soviet relation?	Reagan was very impressed and wanted to make agreements on trade and weapons to improve relations and ease tensions after Star Wars and the evil empire speech.
	Why was USSR unable to continue the arms race?	The war in Afghanistan was costing billions and was ongoing. Even though USSR had more weapons, the tech was less advances and they couldn't match Star Wars due to lack of money.
	Why did US-Soviet relations improve after after 1985?	Gorbachev's new thinking Bankrupt USSR Reagan's change in attitude.
	Why did Gorbachev believe soviet control in Eastern Europe was in danger?	Political and economic problems resulted in low living standards, lack of investment in technology and increasingly unhappy people.
	What were the economic problems faces by Eastern Europe after 1985, at the start of Gorbachev's role as premier.	Food shortages, low living standards and a lack of investment in technology which led to the famous Chernobyl power plant explosion.
	When was the famous Chernobyl power plant explosion?	1986
	Why were people increasingly unhappy with communist leaders around 1985?	Because people had poor living standards and a lack of freedoms whilst leaders had better health care, better schools, better houses and better food...was that really communism)
	What were Gorbachev's two policies to strengthen communist control?	Perestroika (restructuring) Glasnost (openness)
	What was perestroika?	A series of economic reforms such as allowing small businesses to make a profit to encourage the production of more and better quality good in order to improve loving conditions.
	What was glasnost?	It allowed more political freedoms. There was reduced censorship and people were allowed to criticise the government. However, he still did not hold free elections and tried to cover up the Chernobyl disaster.
	What was the impact of Gorbachev's reforms on US-Soviet relation?	Reagan was very impressed and wanted to make agreements on trade and weapons to improve relations and ease tensions after Star Wars and the evil empire speech.
	Why was USSR unable to continue the arms race?	The war in Afghanistan was costing billions and was ongoing. Even though USSR had more weapons, the tech was less advanced and they couldn't match Star Wars due to lack of money.
	What was the effect of soviet bankruptcy on US-Soviet relations in after 1985?	Gorbachev couldn't compete in the arms race and would loose if war broke out, so was keen to reduce tensions and make agreements with the US.
	What was the effect of soviet bankruptcy on US-Soviet relations in after 1985?	Gorbachev couldn't compete in the arms race and would loose if war broke out, so was keen to reduce tensions and make agreements with the US.
	How did Reagan feel about Gorbachev?	He liked him personally and genuinely believed the soviet leader wanted to improve relations. He stopped saying things like evil empire and spoke more of peace.
	What was the effect of soviet bankruptcy on US-Soviet relations in after 1985?	Gorbachev couldn't compete in the arms race and would loose if war broke out, so was keen to reduce tensions and make agreements with the US.
	How did Reagan feel about Gorbachev?	He liked him personally and genuinely believed the soviet leader wanted to improve relations. He also recognised Gorbachev's popularity in both the east and west (known as gorbymania).
	Other than his feelings for Gorbachev, why did Reagan wish to improve us soviet relations	He feared the us was seen as a bully as there were demonstration in Western Europe against the sittings of nuclear missiles there. Also, he didn't want to spend any more on the arms race.
	When was the gene a conference between Reagan and Gorbachev?	1985
	What was the effect of soviet bankruptcy on US-Soviet relations in after 1985?	Gorbachev couldn't compete in the arms race and would loose if war broke out, so was keen to reduce tensions and make agreements with the US.
	How did Reagan feel about Gorbachev?	He liked him personally and genuinely believed the soviet leader wanted to improve relations. He also recognised Gorbachev's popularity in both the east and west (known as gorbymania).
	Other than his feelings for Gorbachev, why did Reagan wish to improve us soviet relations	He feared the us was seen as a bully as there were demonstration in Western Europe against the sittings of nuclear missiles there. Also, he didn't want to spend any more on the arms race.
	When was the gene a conference between Reagan and Gorbachev?	1985
	What was the effect of soviet bankruptcy on US-Soviet relations in after 1985?	Gorbachev couldn't compete in the arms race and would loose if war broke out, so was keen to reduce tensions and make agreements with the US.
	How did Reagan feel about Gorbachev?	He liked him personally and genuinely believed the soviet leader wanted to improve relations. He also recognised Gorbachev's popularity in both the east and west (known as gorbymania).
	Other than his feelings for Gorbachev, why did Reagan wish to improve us soviet relations	He feared the us was seen as a bully as there were demonstration in Western Europe against the sittings of nuclear missiles there. Also, he didn't want to spend any more on the arms race.
	When was the gene a conference between Reagan and Gorbachev?	1985
	What was agreed at the geneva conference 1985?	Nothing, but it was a successful meeting in terms of starting a positive working relationship between the two leaders.
	What was the effect of soviet bankruptcy on US-Soviet relations in after 1985?	Gorbachev couldn't compete in the arms race and would loose if war broke out, so was keen to reduce tensions and make agreements with the US.
	How did Reagan feel about Gorbachev?	He liked him personally and genuinely believed the soviet leader wanted to improve relations. He also recognised Gorbachev's popularity in both the east and west (known as gorbymania).
	Other than his feelings for Gorbachev, why did Reagan wish to improve us soviet relations	He feared the us was seen as a bully as there were demonstration in Western Europe against the sittings of nuclear missiles there. Also, he didn't want to spend any more on the arms race.
	When was the gene a conference between Reagan and Gorbachev?	1985
	What was agreed at the geneva conference 1985?	Nothing, but it was a successful meeting in terms of starting a positive working relationship between the two leaders.
	When was the Reykjavik summit between Reagan and Gorbachev?	1986
	What was the effect of soviet bankruptcy on US-Soviet relations in after 1985?	Gorbachev couldn't compete in the arms race and would loose if war broke out, so was keen to reduce tensions and make agreements with the US.
	How did Reagan feel about Gorbachev?	He liked him personally and genuinely believed the soviet leader wanted to improve relations. He also recognised Gorbachev's popularity in both the east and west (known as gorbymania).
	Other than his feelings for Gorbachev, why did Reagan wish to improve us soviet relations	He feared the us was seen as a bully as there were demonstration in Western Europe against the sittings of nuclear missiles there. Also, he didn't want to spend any more on the arms race.
	When was the gene a conference between Reagan and Gorbachev?	1985
	What was agreed at the geneva conference 1985?	Nothing, but it was a successful meeting in terms of starting a positive working relationship between the two leaders.
	When was the Reykjavik summit between Reagan and Gorbachev?	1986
	What happened at the Reykjavik summit 1986?	Reagan wanted to scrap all ballistic missiles but Gorbachev refused as Reagan would not end the SDI project.
	What was the effect of soviet bankruptcy on US-Soviet relations in after 1985?	Gorbachev couldn't compete in the arms race and would loose if war broke out, so was keen to reduce tensions and make agreements with the US.
	How did Reagan feel about Gorbachev?	He liked him personally and genuinely believed the soviet leader wanted to improve relations. He also recognised Gorbachev's popularity in both the east and west (known as gorbymania).
	Other than his feelings for Gorbachev, why did Reagan wish to improve us soviet relations	He feared the us was seen as a bully as there were demonstration in Western Europe against the sittings of nuclear missiles there. Also, he didn't want to spend any more on the arms race.
	When was the gene a conference between Reagan and Gorbachev?	1985
	What was agreed at the geneva conference 1985?	Nothing, but it was a successful meeting in terms of starting a positive working relationship between the two leaders.
	When was the Reykjavik summit between Reagan and Gorbachev?	1986
	What happened at the Reykjavik summit 1986?	Reagan wanted to scrap all ballistic missiles but Gorbachev refused as Reagan would not end the SDI project.
	When was the Washington conference between Reagan and Gorbachev?	1987
	What was the effect of soviet bankruptcy on US-Soviet relations in after 1985?	Gorbachev couldn't compete in the arms race and would loose if war broke out, so was keen to reduce tensions and make agreements with the US.
	How did Reagan feel about Gorbachev?	He liked him personally and genuinely believed the soviet leader wanted to improve relations. He also recognised Gorbachev's popularity in both the east and west (known as gorbymania).
	Other than his feelings for Gorbachev, why did Reagan wish to improve us soviet relations	He feared the us was seen as a bully as there were demonstration in Western Europe against the sittings of nuclear missiles there. Also, he didn't want to spend any more on the arms race.
	When was the gene a conference between Reagan and Gorbachev?	1985
	What was agreed at the geneva conference 1985?	Nothing, but it was a successful meeting in terms of starting a positive working relationship between the two leaders.
	When was the Reykjavik summit between Reagan and Gorbachev?	1986
	What happened at the Reykjavik summit 1986?	Reagan wanted to scrap all ballistic missiles but Gorbachev refused as Reagan would not end the SDI project.
	When was the Washington conference between Reagan and Gorbachev?	1987
	What was signed at the Washington conference 1987?	The intermediate-range nuclear forces (INF) treaty. It got rid of all missiles with a range of 500-5500 km
	What was the significance of the (INF) treaty?	It was the first time the two powers had actually REDUCED there nuclear missiles and it was the first agreement signed since 1970s. It showed positively changing relations.
	What was the effect of soviet bankruptcy on US-Soviet relations in after 1985?	Gorbachev couldn't compete in the arms race and would loose if war broke out, so was keen to reduce tensions and make agreements with the US.
	Why did the meetings of 1985-7 happen?	The change in attitude of Reagan and Gorbachev. Moreover, if it weren't for USSR's economic problems the Gorbachev would've been less keen to improve relations.
	How did Reagan feel about Gorbachev?	He liked him personally and genuinely believed the soviet leader wanted to improve relations. He also recognised Gorbachev's popularity in both the east and west (known as gorbymania).
	Other than his feelings for Gorbachev, why did Reagan wish to improve us soviet relations	He feared the us was seen as a bully as there were demonstration in Western Europe against the sittings of nuclear missiles there. Also, he didn't want to spend any more on the arms race.
	When was the gene a conference between Reagan and Gorbachev?	1985
	What was agreed at the geneva conference 1985?	Nothing, but it was a successful meeting in terms of starting a positive working relationship between the two leaders.
	When was the Reykjavik summit between Reagan and Gorbachev?	1986
	What happened at the Reykjavik summit 1986?	Reagan wanted to scrap all ballistic missiles but Gorbachev refused as Reagan would not end the SDI project.
	When was the Washington conference between Reagan and Gorbachev?	1987
	What was signed at the Washington conference 1987?	The intermediate-range nuclear forces (INF) treaty. It got rid of all missiles with a range of 500-5500 km
	What was the significance of the (INF) treaty?	It was the first time the two powers had actually REDUCED there nuclear missiles and it was the first agreement signed since 1970s. It showed positively changing relations.
	Why did Eastern Europe and the Warsaw Pact break up?	Role of Gorbachev Fall of the Berlin Wall What was happening in other Eastern European countries.
	Why did Eastern Europe and the Warsaw Pact break up?	Role of Gorbachev Fall of the Berlin Wall What was happening in other Eastern European countries.
	Why was Gorbachev important for the break up of the Eastern bloc?	He didn't want to be spending money on keeping soviet troops in Eastern Europe and felt they should copy his reforms in order to deal with their own problems. This was important as when Eastern Europe tried to deal with increasing economic and political problems, they got no help from USSR.
	Why did Eastern Europe and the Warsaw Pact break up?	Role of Gorbachev Fall of the Berlin Wall What was happening in other Eastern European countries.
	Why was Gorbachev important for the break up of the Eastern bloc?	He didn't want to be spending money on keeping soviet troops in Eastern Europe and felt they should copy his reforms in order to deal with their own problems. This was important as when Eastern Europe tried to deal with increasing economic and political problems, they got no help from USSR.
	What did the East German government do in response to Gorbachev's reforms?	Very little. They did nothing to improve living standards in Eastern Germany and banned Russian newspapers to as it hoped it would prevent it's people demanding the reforms.
	Why did Eastern Europe and the Warsaw Pact break up?	Role of Gorbachev Fall of the Berlin Wall What was happening in other Eastern European countries.
	Why was Gorbachev important for the break up of the Eastern bloc?	He didn't want to be spending money on keeping soviet troops in Eastern Europe and felt they should copy his reforms in order to deal with their own problems. This was important as when Eastern Europe tried to deal with increasing economic and political problems, they got no help from USSR.
	What did the East German government do in response to Gorbachev's reforms?	Very little. They did nothing to improve living standards in Eastern Germany and banned Russian newspapers to as it hoped it would prevent it's people demanding the reforms.
	What was the importance of Hungary in relation to the fall of the Berlin Wall?	Free democratic elections were planned there and Hungary was geographically close to Germany. Upon hearing about this, many people left through Hungary to west Germany. This put pressure on the East German government who decided to allow people accross the walk under tightly controlled conditions.
	Why did Eastern Europe and the Warsaw Pact break up?	Role of Gorbachev Fall of the Berlin Wall What was happening in other Eastern European countries.
	Why was Gorbachev important for the break up of the Eastern bloc?	He didn't want to be spending money on keeping soviet troops in Eastern Europe and felt they should copy his reforms in order to deal with their own problems. This was important as when Eastern Europe tried to deal with increasing economic and political problems, they got no help from USSR.
	What did the East German government do in response to Gorbachev's reforms?	Very little. They did nothing to improve living standards in Eastern Germany and banned Russian newspapers to as it hoped it would prevent it's people demanding the reforms.
	What was the importance of Hungary in relation to the fall of the Berlin Wall?	Free democratic elections were planned there and Hungary was geographically close to Germany. Upon hearing about this, many people left through Hungary to west Germany. This put pressure on the East German government who decided to allow people accross the walk under tightly controlled conditions.
	What did a politician do in November 1989 which led to the fall of the Berlin Wall?	Announced plans to let people through too early. Consequently, thousands of East Berliners matched to boarder check points demanding to be let through. Boarder guards allowed this as they didn't know what else to do.
	Why did Eastern Europe and the Warsaw Pact break up?	Role of Gorbachev Fall of the Berlin Wall What was happening in other Eastern European countries.
	Why was Gorbachev important for the break up of the Eastern bloc?	He didn't want to be spending money on keeping soviet troops in Eastern Europe and felt they should copy his reforms in order to deal with their own problems. This was important as when Eastern Europe tried to deal with increasing economic and political problems, they got no help from USSR.
	What did the East German government do in response to Gorbachev's reforms?	Very little. They did nothing to improve living standards in Eastern Germany and banned Russian newspapers to as it hoped it would prevent it's people demanding the reforms.
	What was the importance of Hungary in relation to the fall of the Berlin Wall?	Free democratic elections were planned there and Hungary was geographically close to Germany. Upon hearing about this, many people left through Hungary to west Germany. This put pressure on the East German government who decided to allow people accross the walk under tightly controlled conditions.
	What did a politician do in November 1989 which led to the fall of the Berlin Wall?	Announced plans to let people through too early. Consequently, thousands of East Berliners matched to boarder check points demanding to be let through. Boarder guards allowed this as they didn't know what else to do.
	What was the role of protest groups in Eastern Europe near the end of 1980s?	They caused political unrest and made it difficult for communists to maintain control. An example of one of these groups is solidarity (Poland)
	Why did Eastern Europe and the Warsaw Pact break up?	Role of Gorbachev Fall of the Berlin Wall What was happening in other Eastern European countries.
	Why was Gorbachev important for the break up of the Eastern bloc?	He didn't want to be spending money on keeping soviet troops in Eastern Europe and felt they should copy his reforms in order to deal with their own problems. This was important as when Eastern Europe tried to deal with increasing economic and political problems, they got no help from USSR.
	What did the East German government do in response to Gorbachev's reforms?	Very little. They did nothing to improve living standards in Eastern Germany and banned Russian newspapers to as it hoped it would prevent it's people demanding the reforms.
	What was the importance of Hungary in relation to the fall of the Berlin Wall?	Free democratic elections were planned there and Hungary was geographically close to Germany. Upon hearing about this, many people left through Hungary to west Germany. This put pressure on the East German government who decided to allow people accross the walk under tightly controlled conditions.
	What did a politician do in November 1989 which led to the fall of the Berlin Wall?	Announced plans to let people through too early. Consequently, thousands of East Berliners matched to boarder check points demanding to be let through. Boarder guards allowed this as they didn't know what else to do.
	What was the role of protest groups in Eastern Europe near the end of 1980s?	They caused political unrest and made it difficult for communists to maintain control. An example of one of these groups is solidarity (Poland)
	When were the free elections held In Eastern European countries?	Poland (June 1989) Hungary (1988) Czechoslovakia (November 1989) East Germany (1990) Communists lost control in each election.
	Why did Eastern Europe and the Warsaw Pact break up?	Role of Gorbachev Fall of the Berlin Wall What was happening in other Eastern European countries.
	Why was Gorbachev important for the break up of the Eastern bloc?	He didn't want to be spending money on keeping soviet troops in Eastern Europe and felt they should copy his reforms in order to deal with their own problems. This was important as when Eastern Europe tried to deal with increasing economic and political problems, they got no help from USSR.
	What did the East German government do in response to Gorbachev's reforms?	Very little. They did nothing to improve living standards in Eastern Germany and banned Russian newspapers to as it hoped it would prevent it's people demanding the reforms.
	What was the importance of Hungary in relation to the fall of the Berlin Wall?	Free democratic elections were planned there and Hungary was geographically close to Germany. Upon hearing about this, many people left through Hungary to west Germany. This put pressure on the East German government who decided to allow people accross the walk under tightly controlled conditions.
	What did a politician do in November 1989 which led to the fall of the Berlin Wall?	Announced plans to let people through too early. Consequently, thousands of East Berliners matched to boarder check points demanding to be let through. Boarder guards allowed this as they didn't know what else to do.
	What was the role of protest groups in Eastern Europe near the end of 1980s?	They caused political unrest and made it difficult for communists to maintain control. An example of one of these groups is solidarity (Poland)
	When were the free elections held In Eastern European countries?	Poland (June 1989) Hungary (1988) Czechoslovakia (November 1989) East Germany (1990) Communists lost control in each election.
	Why were the events in Eastern Europe, regarding communist loss of control, in the late 1980s significant?	Collapse of communist control in one country encouraged people in other countries to oppose their communist government. This is why the Berlin Wall was important as it gave encouragement to people in other countries to oppose their government.
	Why did Eastern Europe and the Warsaw Pact break up?	Role of Gorbachev Fall of the Berlin Wall What was happening in other Eastern European countries.
	Why was Gorbachev important for the break up of the Eastern bloc?	He didn't want to be spending money on keeping soviet troops in Eastern Europe and felt they should copy his reforms in order to deal with their own problems. This was important as when Eastern Europe tried to deal with increasing economic and political problems, they got no help from USSR.
	What did the East German government do in response to Gorbachev's reforms?	Very little. They did nothing to improve living standards in Eastern Germany and banned Russian newspapers to as it hoped it would prevent it's people demanding the reforms.
	What was the importance of Hungary in relation to the fall of the Berlin Wall?	Free democratic elections were planned there and Hungary was geographically close to Germany. Upon hearing about this, many people left through Hungary to west Germany. This put pressure on the East German government who decided to allow people accross the walk under tightly controlled conditions.
	What did a politician do in November 1989 which led to the fall of the Berlin Wall?	Announced plans to let people through too early. Consequently, thousands of East Berliners matched to boarder check points demanding to be let through. Boarder guards allowed this as they didn't know what else to do.
	What was the role of protest groups in Eastern Europe near the end of 1980s?	They caused political unrest and made it difficult for communists to maintain control. An example of one of these groups is solidarity (Poland)
	When were the free elections held In Eastern European countries?	Poland (June 1989) Hungary (1988) Czechoslovakia (November 1989) East Germany (1990) Communists lost control in each election.
	Why were the events in Eastern Europe, regarding communist loss of control, in the late 1980s significant?	Collapse of communist control in one country encouraged people in other countries to oppose their communist government. This is why the Berlin Wall was important as it gave encouragement to people in other countries to oppose their government.
	Why did some soviet communists attempt to overthrow Gorbachev in 1991?	They were worried about the events in Eastern Europe and hoped to prevent the same happening in the USSR...with little success!

Share This Flashcard Set

Set the Language

History-Unit 1: Cold War

Add to Folders

Upgrade to Cram Premium

Card Range To Study

503 Cards in this Set