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54 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
idealism vs. realism
Wilson idealist--seeking to replicate form of gov on national scale
realism puts interests of home nation first
WW1
-1914-1918
-imperialism
-US first shocked, grateful to not be in it, want to remain neutral but immigrants feel support for home nations
-initially W wanted to stay out
immediate effect of war
-economic boom
-trade increased
-British control Atlantic Ocean, blockade around Germany
G and U-Boats
-submarines started attacking American ships
Why did we go to war?
- unrestricted submarine warfare
-Zimmerman telegraph
-Wilson's foreign policy/ vision
-Russian Revolution
Fourteen Points
Woodrow Wilson
Had central powers leave occupied lands, 14th point called the league to protect global peace. Russia would stay in the war, allied powers were for a noble cause, and separate the Central power government and their people
8. What was the state of civil liberties in the U.S. during WWI? Use evidence from the text.
Mobs hunted spies, 1,500 prosecutions and 1000 convictions. Anything German was seen as disloyal
7. How did the Germans gain an immense advantage in 1918?
1. Russians declared peace with Germany and allowed them to focus on the Western front
6. Who was George Creel?
1. A Denver journalist who was director of the Committee on Public Information who believed that the best approach to influencing public opinion was propaganda rather than censorship
4. Who was in charge of the Food Administration? What did it do?
1. Herbert Hoover led it
2. It raised crop production and reduced food consumption in order to save more food for the military
3. What was the WIB and who led it?
1. The War Industries Board—a mobilization agency that could allocate raw materials, tell manufacturers what to produce, order construction of new plants, and fix prices
2. Led by Bernard Baruch
2. What was the Liberty Loan Act?
1. Added $5 billion to the national debt in liberty bonds
2. Only $3 billion could be lent to the Allied Powers
1. To what extent was the United States militarily and industrially prepared/organized to go to war in 1917?
1. The army was small and untested, and the navy was undeveloped.
2. Industrially, the United States had potential, but were unable to organize this into a war economy
4. What accounts for the rise in trade with Britain and France and the reduction of trade with Germany?
a. Germany was seen as a threat to America and its culture because it embodied autocracy and militarism, so the US did not want to support them.
7. What was the most clear cut victory for radical progressives in the entire Wilson period?
a. New higher taxes
- National Malaise of 1919:
o Corruption
o Sickness and potential sickness, racial tension
- Flu Epidemic:
o Unusually severe and deadly influenza pandemic that spread across the world.
o The pandemic lasted from June 1917 to December 1920, spreading even to the Arctic and remote Pacific islands. Between 50 and 100 million died, making it one of the deadliest natural disasters in human history. An estimated 50 million people, some 500 million were infected.
- Baseball Scandal:
o Black Sox baseball players began purposely throwing baseball games in order to win bets, throw the World Series, breaks nation’s heart
o National Pastime—yet have greatest players in the game throwing the World Series
- “Reds”
o A term given to supporters of communism or socialism
o Red Scare—Anti-Communism about worker (socialist) revolution and political radicalism
 Synonymous with Palmer Raids
- Strikes:
O Largest number of strikes in 1919 ever in Amertica
O 2,600 worn stoppages occurred, 20% of work force strike by UMW blamed for inflation
O USW strike devolves into riots, seems radical
O Public opinion against them
O Boston Police men
- Race Riots
O The Omaha Race Riot occurred in Omaha, Nebraska, on 28-September 29, 1919. The race riot resulted in the brutal lynching of Will Brown, a black worker; the death of two white men; the attempted hanging of the mayor Edward Parsons Smith; and a public rampage by thousands of whites who set fire to the Douglas County Courthouse in downtown Omaha. It followed more than 20 race riots that occurred in major industrial cities of the United States during the Red Summer of 1919
O Chicago Race Riot
O Mob action by members of the majority racial group against people of other races
- Palmer Raids
O Attempts by the United States Department of Justice to arrest and deport radical leftists, especially anarchists, from the United States.
O Occurred in the larger context of the Red Scare, the term given to fear of and reaction against political radicals in the U.S. in the years immediately following World War I.
O afraid of Russian government
- Governmental collapse:
o Wilson having a bunch of strokes, Congress not doing very well ratifying Treaty of Versailles; not very strong leadership
o Roosevelt died, Wilson having strokes, left a huge hole at the top of both parties
 Strokes trigger hostile response rather than sympathetic, people began blaming him and criticizing him for everything
o Wilson left country for months to attend Paris Peace conference, loses track of political developments
 Not there when country goes from war economy back to normal
 SEVERE INFLATION
- Mayday Riots of 1919
o Series of violent demonstrations that began when Socialist leader, Charles Ruthenberg organized a May Day parade to protest the jailing of Eugene V. Debs and promote his own candidacy for mayor of Cleveland. Each unit held a Socialist flag and an American flag at its head. People tried to get them to lower their flags, the marchers refused, and mass fighting broke out immediately
o Law was finally restored by mounted police, army trucks, and tanks. Casualties amounted to two people killed, forty injured, and 116 arrested. In response to the riots, the city government immediately passed laws to restrict parades and the display of red flags.
John Milton Cooper, Jr.
The Pivotal Decades
Modernism
expansive movement in arts and science
20's reaction
-condemning anything un-American
-strong support for restricted immigration policies
-turning their back on internationalism
-denouncing radical or foreign ideals or both
targets immigrants/radicals
fundamentalism
strict, rigid determinatinon in any doctrine or belief
anti reform
prohibiting the teaching of evolution in school
scopes Monkey trial--what was revealed?
-WJB's last public appearence
-hollow victory--fund. ideas revealed as absurd to many americans
-fund. proved to be vibrant force
-most christ. had begun to reconcile thier beliefs with scientific ideas
prohibition
progressive
driven by conservative religious groups
cant enforce because
=weak central gov
=smuggling/bootlegging/crime
=despised as a law
=changing cultural morse
Ellison Smith
"Shut the Door": A Senator Speaks for Immigration Restriction
senator from South Carolina
Hiram W. Evans
"The Klan's Fight for Americanism"
Texas dentist
sims between docs
-standing up for what AMERICANS want
saying that not trying to offend, but are
traditional ideal of the American (old stock)
defensive language, american ideas under threat
1. Why was Wilson's decision to attend the Peace Conference both good and bad?
1. Good because his prestige and determination made a difference at the Paris peace talks; bad because he lost touch with political developments at home
4. What concessions did Wilson make to demands from other members of the Big Four?
1. He let them make Germany pay for the war, he let them make certain decisions about the borders, let French people vote
3. Who were the Big Four?
1. The prime ministers of Britain, France, and Italy and the president of the United States
2. What happened in the 1918 midterms?
1. Wilson defied his advisers and urged voters to elect a Democratic Congress to support his foreign policies
5. What were Wilson's views on Reparations?
1. He didn’t want to do it, but allowed it to happen
7. Besides the Wilsonians and the irreconcilables, what other group had a voice in the Senate during debate over the treaty?
1. Reservationists
6. How did Wilson try to win support for the Versailles Treaty?
1. He went on a tour through the Midwest to the West Coast, which included warnings of the consequences the nation and the world would face if the treaty were not approved
- Arteriosclerosis
o Degenerative changes in the arteries characterized by thickening of the vessel walls and accumulation of calcium with consequent loss of elasticity and lessened blood flow
- May Day Riots, 1919
o Series of violent demonstrations that began when Socialist leader, Charles Ruthenberg organized a May Day parade to protest the jailing of Eugene V. Debs and promote his own candidacy for mayor of Cleveland. Each unit held a Socialist flag and an American flag at its head. People tried to get them to lower their flags, the marchers refused, and mass fighting broke out immediately
o Law was finally restored by mounted police, army trucks, and tanks. Casualties amounted to two people killed, forty injured, and 116 arrested. In response to the riots, the city government immediately passed laws to restrict parades and the display of red flags.
- John Dos Passos
o Three Soldiers is a 1920 novel by the American writer and critic John Dos Passos. It is one of the key American war novels of the First World War, and remains a classic of the realist war novel genre.
o American novelist and artist
- Warren Harding
o was the 29th President of the United States, from 1921 until his death in 1923
o A Republican from Ohio
o His conservativism, affable manner, and 'make no enemies' campaign strategy made Harding the compromise choice at the 1920 Republican National Convention.
o Rewarded friends and political contributors, referred to as the Ohio Gang, with financially powerful positions
o Scandals and corruption eventually pervaded his administration; one of his own cabinet and several of his appointees were eventually tried, convicted, and sent to prison for bribery or defrauding the federal government.
- Lady Chatterley’s Lover
o a novel by D. H. Lawrence, first published in 1928
o became notorious for its story of the physical relationship between a working-class man and an aristocratic woman, its explicit descriptions of sex, and its use of (at the time) unprintable words
- Charles Lindbergh
o An American aviator, author, inventor, explorer, and social activist
o In the late 1920s and early 1930s, Lindbergh relentlessly used his fame to help promote the rapid development of U.S. commercial aviation
- Leopold and Loeb
o two wealthy University of Chicago students who murdered 14-year-old Robert "Bobby" Franks in 1924 and were sentenced to life imprisonment
- John Held
o was a United States illustrator, one of the most famous magazine illustrators of the 1920s. His cheerful art defined the flapper era so well that many people are familiar with it today.
- Black Tuesday
o The Wall Street Crash of 1929 (October 1929
o the most devastating stock market crash in the history of the United States of America
o signaled the beginning of the 12-year Great Depression that affected all the Western industrialized countries and that did not end in the United States until the onset of American mobilization for World War II at the end of 1941
2. What were flappers and how did they get their name?
1. They were women of the 1920’s who reflected the decade’s rebellion against prudishness and looseness of inhibitions
2. Short hair, rolled stockings, cigarettes, lipstick, sensuous dancing
3. “flapper” was derived from the way the women allowed their galoshes to flap around their ankles
1. Who was Marcus Garvey?
1. The leading spokesmen for views on Negro nationalism
2. How did the movement for women's suffrage differ in the North and South?
1. In the south, suffragists catered to generations of deep racism, claiming that allowing white women to vote would insure immediate and durable white supremacy
1. Summarize Republican economic policies instituted during the Harding administration.
1. Summarize Republican economic policies instituted during the Harding administration.
1. government spending cuts and federal tax reductions, insisting that tax cuts and further benefits should go mainly to the rich
2. high tariffs on imported goods
3. more lenient attitude toward government regulation of corporations
2. What themes did Harding run on in 1920?
1. Restoration, return to normalcy, sustainment in triumphant nationality