History Test 3

Front 1

Cold War

Back 1

Was a state of political and military tension after World War II between powers in the Western Bloc (the United States, its NATO allies and others) and powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its allies in the Warsaw Pact).

Front 2

Marshall Plan

Back 2

An American initiative to aid Europe, in which the United States gave $17 billion in economic support to help rebuild European economies after the end of World War II.

Front 3

Truman Doctrine

Back 3

Established that the United States would provide political, military and economic assistance to all democratic nations under threat from external or internal authoritarian forces.

Front 4

Korean War

Back 4

A war between North and South Korea, in which a United Nations force led by the United States of America fought for the South, and China fought for the North, which was also assisted by the Soviet Union. The war arose from the division of Korea at the end of World War II and from the global tensions of the Cold War that developed immediately afterwards.

Front 5

McCarthyism

Back 5

The practice of making accusations of subversion or treason without proper regard for evidence. This practice came about during the second red scare, between 1950 and 1956. It was named after Senator Joesph McCarthy, criticizing his anti-communist pursuits.

Front 6

Interstate Highway Act

Back 6

It was a bill signed by President D. Eisenhower authorizing 25 billion for the construction of 41000 miles of the interstate highway system.

Front 7

Election of 1960

Back 7

The presidential election between Richard Nixon and John F. Kennedy. It was the closest election since 1916. It was also the first election in which Hawaii and Alaska could vote.

Front 8

Cuban Missile Crisis

Back 8

A 13-day confrontation in October 1962 between the United States and the Soviet Union over Soviet ballistic missiles deployed in Cuba. It played out on television worldwide and was the closest the Cold War came to escalating into a full-scale nuclear war.

Front 9

Berlin Wall

Back 9

A wall the divided Berlin from 1961 to 1989. It was put up to prevent the citizens of East Berlin from leaving. East Berlin was the area Soviet Russia took control of after World War 2.

Front 10

Brown V. Board of Education

Back 10

A landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional. It overturned the Plessy v. Ferguson decision of 1986.

Front 11

March on Washington

Back 11

A political rally that took place on August 28, 1963. More than 200,000 people marched for freedom and jobs. The march culminated with Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have a Dream" speak.

Front 12

Malcolm X

Back 12

An American Muslim minister and human rights activist. He was one of the most influential leaders of the nation of Islam and promoted black supremacy, advocated the separation of black and white Americans, and rejected the civil rights movement's emphasis on integration.

Front 13

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

Back 13

Authorized President Johnson to take any measures he believed were necessary to retaliate and to promote the maintenance of international peace and security in southeast Asia. Passed by congress on August 7, 1964.

Front 14

Tet Offensive

Back 14

A series of major attacks by communist forces in the Vietnam War. Early in 1968, Vietnamese communist troops seized and briefly held some major cities at the time of the lunar new year, or Tet.

Front 15

Detente

Back 15

The easing of hostility or strained relations, especially between countries.

Front 16

Watergate

Back 16

The headquarters of the Democratic National Committee. The Nixon Administration broke into these offices and attempted to cover-up it's involvement in the act. Once the public figured this out Nixon resigned from presidency.

Front 17

Deregulation

Back 17

The process of removing or reducing state regulations.

Front 18

Gorbachev

Back 18

The eighth and last leader of the Soviet Union. His policies of glasnost ("openness") and

perestroika ("restructuring") as well as summit conferences with United States President

Ronald Reagan and his reorientation of Soviet strategic aims contributed to the end of the Cold War, removed the constitutional role of the Communist Party in governing the state, and inadvertently led to the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

Front 19

Persian Gulf War

Back 19

Codenamed "Operation Desert Shield", was a war waged by coalition forces from 34 nations led by the United States against Iraq in response to Iraq's invasion and annexation of Kuwait.

Front 20

Rust Belt

Back 20

A term for the region straddling the upper Northeastern United States, the Great Lakes, and the Midwest States, referring to economic decline, population loss, and urban decay due to the shrinking of its once powerful industrial sector.

Front 21

Sun Belt

Back 21

A region of the United States generally considered to stretch across the Southeast and Southwest. It has seen substantial population growth since the 1960's due to an influx of people seeking a warm and sunny climate, a surge in retiring baby boomers, and growing economic opportunities.

Front 22

Contract With America

Back 22

A document released by the United States Republican Party during the 1994 Congressional election campaign. The Contract detailed the actions the Republicans promised to take if they became the majority party in the United States House of Representatives for the first time in 40 years.

Front 23

9/11

Back 23

A series of four coordinated terrorist attacks by Islamist terrorist group al-qaeda on the united states. The attacks killed 2,996 people.