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52 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Estruscans

People who lived north of the Tiber River; we don't know what language they spoke

Greeks in Italy

End of the Archaic Age (8th century) Greeks come to Italy and settle along the Tiber river/along the Penninsula.

Romulus + Remus

Brothers who found Rome in 753. Romulus kills Remus. There are seven kings following him and the last is so bad that he is overthrown.

Senate

Counsel to the king. Initially there were 300 members, unknown how they were elected. Later chosen from the Patriarchs.

Patriarchs

People from the high class; "From the Good Fathers". They were a closed Oligarchic circle who later became the source for the senate.

Plebians

The common folk; people who were not patriarchs.

Tribunes of the Plebs

Representatives of the Plebs, who will make the Plebian will known in a Patriarchal senate.

Commita Centuriara

The "Assembly of the Centuries" (Centurian). Three classes, assigned by wealth, would get together and choose their counsels. They could also vote on some legislature and serve as a court.

Comitia Tributa

Assembly of the Tribes (The Plebians)

Latin League

Formed in 336 after Rome defeats Latin Speakers. Under this League the Latin Speakers can remain seperate from Rome but must come to its aid in a fight.

Samnites

The mountain enemy that Rome was fighting when they developed the Legion.

Pyrrhus

A Greek king/enemy of Macedonia who lived in the early year's of Rome's emergence. Was sponsored by Tyrentum to defeat Rome and even though he won his wars, it used up all his men and he gave up. Tyrentum had to sign a treaty with Rome following this defeat.

First Punic War

264-241 BC. A contest over Sicily. Rome learned how to row and they used this skill to defeat Carthage at their own game. In this battle they invented grappling hooks.

Legion

A new formation of fighters as formed during the fights with the Samnites. Instead od just one massive force of Phalanx warriors, they were divided into smaller forces of 100, each one led by a centurian and possessing different skills/weaponry.

Second Macedonian War

200-196 BC. Led by Philip V. He is defeated by Rome but comes back later to fight again in the Third Macedonian War.

Fourth Macedonian War

150-148 BC. The final attempt by Macedonia to defeat Rome. Led by Andriscus. Two years after this war is ended, Macedonia becomes a Roman province.

Populares

"Supporters of the people". These were the backers of Tiberius Gracchus.

Optimates

"Supporters of the best people". They opposed Tiberius Gracchus.

Tiberius Gracchus

Wanted to give away land to poor Romans so they could farm. This was seen as buying votes and possibly setting up a Tyranny. When he runs for re-election in 133 BC, he is put to death by the Senate.

Gaius Gracchus

The brother of Tiberius Gracchus. When Tiberius is put to death, Gaius hypes up the case to get himself elected and pass his brother's law. He also sets up free grain doles for the people. The Senate also sees him as buying votes/popularity and has him put to death, too.

Hannibal

Supposedly sworn to hate Rome at the age of nine. He rose through the military ranks and moves northward, establishing Carthage settements. Rome warns him not to cross into their land. When he does, it starts the Second Punic War.

Second Punic War

218-201 BC. Hannibal reaches the northern river and is warned by Rome not to cross it and not to make friends with their allies. He does both of these, invading Roman territory with a 30,000 force. The Gauls join with him and he has a 90,000 army. The first battle kills 20,000 Romans, the second 15,000, and the third 40,000. Still most of Rome's allies stick with Rome.

Scipio Africanus

A Roman general who takes the battle to Hannibal in Africa. He defeats Hannibal by using his own trapping tactics against him.

Battle of Zama

The battle in which Scipio Africanus defeats Hannibal with his own techniques. Following this Hannibal is forced to leave Carthage.

Destruction of Carthage

146 BC. The Achaean League tries to band together to defeat Rome after the defeat of Hannibal. They are put down and Carthage is destroyed. After this Greece becomes Roman Tribes.

Gaius Marius

Goes to Africa to stop Rome's enemies there. He opens up the army to anyone, not just landowners, and promises that all survivors will be given their own land. Because of this he is highly popular and his veteran soldiers elect him Consul 7 times.

Sulla

Enemy of Marius. He was selected by the senate to take care of rebellions in the east, but before he leaves he chases Marius out of Rome to show his power. After he leaves Marius returns for his 7th counselship but dies later that year, leaving his supporters in charge. They kill off Nobels who supported Sulla until his return 6 years later. When Sulla returns he sets himself up as a dictator for two years, compiling a hit list and killing off those who had supported Marius.

Pompey

106-48 BC. Emerged from a wealthy Roman family following Sulla's dictatorship. He used his army to threaten the senate so that he could be elected early. He takes over the navy and fights pirates. He makes Syria sign a treaty with Rome. He wants land for his veteran soldiers but when the senate says no, he teams up with Julius Caesar.

Julius Caesar

100-44 BC. Following his consulship in 63 BC he wanted a campaign like Pompey's to gain fame and money. He teams up with Pompey and Crassus to become elected through the Plebs. When they get what they want Caesar starts hunting down those who oppose him including 1 million Gauls (men,women,children) and gains more power and popularity in Rome.

First Civil War

49-45 BC. Pompey decides that Caesar has too much power and tries to overthrow him. Caesar defeats Pompey in Rome and in Greece. Pompey runs to Egypt but is killed there. With nothing else to stop him, Caesar takes full control of Rome. Finally Brutus andthe senate kills Caesar.

Second Civil War

Marc Antony declares that Caesar willed certain acts of government to him and he teams up with Caesar's heir (Octavius) to take control of Rome. After they are succesful they fight each other for power. Marc Antony teams up with Cleopatra and they are defeated by Octavius.

"Res Publica"

"The Republic" as established by Marc Antony, Octavius, and Lepidus. 43-33 BC.

Princeps

First man of the senate- the role that Octavius named for himself. All senate and the army leaders would come to him for approval and advice.

Principate

The rule of Octavius as Princeps.

Julio-Claudians

14-68 AD. The family that took over following Octavius. Included Augustus (Octavius), Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, and Neo.

Flavians

69-96 AD. The family that took over following the Julio-Claudians. Included Vespian, Titus, and Domitian.

"Pax Romana"

"The Peace of Rome". 96-180 AD. Under the rule of the 5 good emperors. It involved expasion and extinguishing of enemies.

Diocletian

284-305 AD. Kills his predecessor. Made the Tetriarchy and divided providences and created 12 dioceses that were each overseen by "Masters of the Soldiers". Increased beuracracy by 95%. Increased the army to 450,000. Wanted to make Rome morally right. This led to economic changes and Christian persecution. Abdicated in 305.

Tetrarchy

The Rule of Four. Two men would rule as Augustus and two others underneath them would rule as Caesars.

Constantine

312/324-337 AD. Brought about the World of Imperial Christianity after he saw a cross vision during his campaign to rule after Diocletian's abdication. Passed the "Edict of Toleration" making it legal to be Christian. Refounded Byzantium into Constantinople. Evetually becomes an Arian and dies as one.

Presbyters

Church Elders

Bishops

Church Overseers

Dotanist Heresy

303-411 AD. Christians concerned about "traitors" broke away from the rest of the Church, believing that they were the only true Christians left in the world. Constantine got involved and even used force to try to fix this.

Arian Heresy

325-381 AD. The belief that Jesus was merely God possessing a human form; not fully human.

Anthony

251-356 AD. Born a wealthy Egyptian but gave away everything and became a hermit in the desert. Others came to learn from him and live with him. This is the start of Monasticism.

Jerome

324-420 AD. Was called the "Imperial Mouthpiece". He goes to Palastine and learns Hebrew so that he can translate the bible. Creates the "Vulgate".

Augustine

354-430 AD

Visgoths

Invade Rome in 410 AD.

Vandals

Invade Rome in 406 AD.

Brittain

Rome withdraws its troops from Brittain in 407 AD.

Romulus Augustus

The last of the real Roman Emperors. He was deposed in 476 AD, signaling the final fall of the Roman Empire.

Vulgate

Late fourth century translation of the bible into Latin by Jerome.