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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The huge artificial mountains, topped by temples, first seen during the Third Dynasty of Ur period.
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Ziggurats.
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These mountains in Southern Turkey formed a sort of Western border to the Mesopotamian region.
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Taurus.
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Northern Mesopotamia; it was less fertile, but less likely to be flooded as well.
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Akkad.
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The western-most, and larger, of the two Mesopotamian rivers.
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Euphrates.
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Meaning "wedge-shaped," this is the technical term for the complex alphabet used by all Mesopotamian cultures.
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Cuneiform.
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This economic activity was at the heart of the growth of empires, which eventually replaced city-states in Mesopotamia
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State.
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These Mountains to the Northeast of Mesopotamia served as both a border to the area and a source of continual barbarian threats.
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Zagros.
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The earliest political unit; a small, city-sized nation.
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City State.
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The term for a god or goddess special to a person or city.
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Patron.
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The Sumerian traded bronze with this other ancient civilization to the east, through the Persian Gulf.
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India.
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The South of Mesopotamia; it was fertile, but flooded often.
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Sumer.
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The first of these important documents is often (wrongly) credited to Hammurabi, but Shulgi's are older.
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Law Codes.
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The Sumerians invented this very important transportation and work aid in the Uruk period.
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Wheel.
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This large structure was at the center of each city-state in Mesopotamia, and served also as the center of that cities social organization.
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Temple.
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The eastern-most of the two rivers that define the Mesopotamian plain.
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Tigris.
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This body of water is fed by Mesopotamia's rivers, and provided a convenient trade route to India.
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Persian Gulf.
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The term for the entire modern Middle East, including Mesopotamia.
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Near East.
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The basic building-block of Sumerian architecture, made necessary by the area's lack of stone and wood.
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Mud Brick.
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These urban centers are necessary for civilization.
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Cities.
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A family of related rulers.
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Dynasty.
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An alloy of copper and tin, this metal was first invented by the Sumerians and was superior to copper.
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Bronze.
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This class of people oversaw much of a Sumerian city's land and economy, and often supported the king.
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Priests.
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This system of plotting seasons was invented by the priests, and helped to regulate planting and harvesting.
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Calendar.
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Trade with this nation provided Mesopotamia with much of the gold for its royal arts, and provided them with a reason to desire control of the Levant.
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Egypt.
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Where was Mesopotamia and what does the term mean?
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It lies in the Tigris and Euphrates river valleys in modern Iraq and Kuwait. It means "land between waters."
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What are the three divisions of Mesopotamia?
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Sumer, Akkad, and Assyria.
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What is the process in which a culture is spread from one society to another called?
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Cultural diffusion.
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Originally a temporary war-lord, this position came to be the office of king as warfare became a constant condition.
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Lugal.
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This period saw near constant warfare among the city-states of Sumer.
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Early Dynasty.
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The story of this legendary king's failure in his quest for immortality illustrates the pessimism of Sumerian beliefs.
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Gilgamesh.
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Leader of the Old Assyrians, he conquered Akkad and Mari, and built a large but short-lived trade kingdom.
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Shamsi Adad.
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Hammurabi led this Amorite kingdom near the border of Akkad to become a major power, forever ending the dominance of Sumer.
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Babylon.
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Sargon's grandson; under his rule the Akkadian kingdom reached its height; he also enlarged the power of kingship by declaring himself a God.
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Naram-Sin.
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These Semitic-speaking peoples were lead by Sargon to build the first trade kingdom spanning the entire Near East, and perhaps the first empire as well.
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Akkadians.
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The period in which Sumerian culture began to move towards civilization, named for the pottery style of the region.
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Ubiad.
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The domination of an area through influence and threats, without actually occupying or conquering the lands.
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Hegemony.
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This Sumerian king reorganized Mesopotamian government and culture, and was also the sponsor of the first written law codes.
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Shulgi.
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The capital of the most powerful dynasty in the Neo-Sumerian period.
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Ur.
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The earliest civilization in the world.
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Sumerians.
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A head priest of early Sumerian culture, who controlled the rich temple holdings in each city-state.
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En.
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Barbarians who ended the Akkadian Empire's dominance.
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Gutians.
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This Sumerian king briefly united Sumer, the first ruler to do so.
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Lugalzagesi.
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This king of Lagash began the Neo-Sumerian cultural revival, and sponsored the building of temples in 15 different cities.
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Gudia.
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The name of the time period in Sumer after the fall of the Neo-Sumerians, based on the fierce rivalry of two city-state kingdoms there.
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Isin-Larsa.
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The first true city in human history, and what is the name that it gives to the period in which civilization first arose?
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Uruk. Uruk Period.
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The time period after Sargon's fall, when the Sumerians once again held power (for the last time).
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Neo-Sumerian.
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Leader of the Old Babylonians, he conquered Sumer.
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Hammurabi.
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The head priests who served the kings in later Sumerian culture, eventually becoming governors under the great conquerors who united Sumer and Akkad.
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Ensi.
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The Neolithic town was the most important religious center in early Sumer, and may well have been the Garden of Eden in later Hebrew tradition.
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Eridu
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This legendary ruler built the Akkadian Empire, becoming the first to unite Akkad and Sumer.
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Sargon.
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The barbarians who became the Old Assyrians and Babylonians.
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Amorites.
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The race of many of the invaders of Mesopotamia; they still live there today as the Arabs and Hebrews.
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Semitic.
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This dynasty dominated most of the Neo-Sumerion period.
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Third Dynasty of Ur.
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The Amorites who built a trade kingdom based in Ashur after the fall of the Neo-Sumerians.
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Assyrians.
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This king built the most successful kingdom of the Neo-Sumerian period, as well as sponsoring the construction of the first Ziggurats.
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Ur-Nammu.
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This is a paid professional specialized government that is made up of departments with special different characteristics.
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Bureaucracy.
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The Neolithic town was the most important religious center in early Sumer, and may well have been the Garden of Eden in later Hebrew tradition.
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Eridu
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This legendary ruler built the Akkadian Empire, becoming the first to unite Akkad and Sumer.
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Sargon.
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The barbarians who became the Old Assyrians and Babylonians.
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Amorites.
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The race of many of the invaders of Mesopotamia; they still live there today as the Arabs and Hebrews.
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Semitic.
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This dynasty dominated most of the Neo-Sumerion period.
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Third Dynasty of Ur.
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The Amorites who built a trade kingdom based in Ashur after the fall of the Neo-Sumerians.
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Assyrians.
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This king built the most successful kingdom of the Neo-Sumerian period, as well as sponsoring the construction of the first Ziggurats.
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Urnammu.
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What was the clay-token writing system called?
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Bullae.
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Many people in Mesopotamia, literate or not, carried these to leave their mark on property and records.
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Cilender Seal.
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What was the world's first true history literature?
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Kings Lists and Epic of Gilgamesh.
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What was the bronze age called?
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Royal Cemetery of Ur.
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Who were the people that supported the kings?
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Ensi, nobles, soldiers, and the priests.
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