History Test 101

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Albert Gallatin

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He helped found the House Committee on Finance, became active in Pennsylvania politics,When Jefferson became President, Gallatin was appointed Secretary of the Treasury.

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National Road

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aka cumberland road,was one of the first major improved highways in the United States, built by the Federal Government. Construction began in 1811 at Cumberland, Maryland,and the road reached Wheeling, Virginia (now West Virginia)

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Dewitt Clinton

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Governor of New York. In this last capacity he was largely responsible for the construction of the Erie Canal.

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Erie Canal

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runs from the Hudson River to Lake Erie, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean,cut transport costs,opened regions further west to increased settlement

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Samuel F.B. Morse

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the creator of a single wire telegraph system, and co-inventor, of the Morse Code.

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Samuel Slater

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known as the "Founder of the American Industrial Revolution".the first successful water-powered textile mill in America.

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Boston Associates

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a loosely linked group of investors. They included Nathan Appleton, Abbott Lawrence, and Amos Lawrence, often related directly or through marriage, they were based in Boston, Massachusetts.

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nativism

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is an opposition to immigration, distinguishes between Americans who were born in the United States, and individuals who have immigrated

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Locofocos

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Spanish for matches, or "loco focos" ("crazy lights"),was applied to the entire Democratic Party

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Tammany Hall

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The name "Tammany" comes from Tamanend, a Native American leader of the Lenape.New York’s burgeoning immigrant constituency,offered served as a rudimentary public welfare system

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Workingmen's parties

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a congress of socialists from around the United States met in Philadelphia in an attempt to unify their political power,notably followers of Karl Marx,

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Commonwealth vs. Hunt

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ruled that unions were legal organizations and had the right to organize a strike.

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John Jacob Astor

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first millionaire in the United States. he made his fortune in fur trading, real estate, and opium.[1]

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Lyman Beecher

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was a Presbyterian clergyman, temperance movement leader. chose to adopt the cause of abolitionism.

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Second Great Awakening

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second great religious revival in United States history and consisted of renewed personal salvation experienced in revival meetings,dealing with prison reform, temperance, women's suffrage, and the crusade to abolish slavery

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Charles G Finney

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American newspaperman, story writer, and fantastical novelist, and part time night club owner,his first novel (and most famous book) The Circus of Dr. Lao

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Burned-over district

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central and western New York during the Second Great Awakening. The name was given because the area was so heavily evangelized during the revivalism of antebellum

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Oberlin College

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highly selective liberal arts college in Oberlin, Ohio, in the United States. It was founded in 1833 by progressive Christians

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Joseph Smith

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founded the Latter Day Saint movement, also known as Mormonism. Smith's followers declared him to be the first latter-day prophet,

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Nauvoo, Illinois

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founded by the Latter-day Saints

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Brigham Young

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was a leader in the Latter Day Saint movement and was the president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints from 1847 until his death. Young was also the first governor of the Utah Territory.

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Transcendentalism

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was a group of new ideas in literature, religion, culture, and philosophy that emerged in New England in the early to middle 19th century

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Ralph Waldo Emerson

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leader of the Transcendentalist movement,expressed the philosophy of Transcendentalism in his 1836 essay, Nature.

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Henry David Thoreau

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is best known for Walden, a reflection upon simple living in natural surroundings, and his essay, Civil Disobedience, an argument for individual resistance to civil government

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Cult of Domesticity

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middle and upper class white women during the nineteenth century,were expected to be a calm and nurturing mother, a loving and faithful wife, to be passive and delicate creature

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Elizabeth Cady Stanton

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an American social activist and leading figure of the early woman's movement. Her Declaration of Sentiments, presented at the first women's rights convention held in 1848

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Lucretia Mott

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an American Quaker minister, abolitionist, social reformer and proponent of women's rights. She is credited as the first American "feminist" in the early 1800s

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Susan B. Anthony

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independent and well-educated American civil rights leader who played a pivotal role in the 19th century women's rights movement to secure women's suffrage in the United States.

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Seneca Falls Convention

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held in Seneca Falls, New York, was the first women's rights convention held in the United States,

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Declaration of Sentiments

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signed in 1848 by 68 women and 32 men, delegates to the first women's rights convention, in Seneca Falls, New York, The principal author was Elizabeth Cady Stanton.

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Dorothea Dix

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activist on behalf of the indigent insane, created the first generation of American mental asylums.

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Horace Mann

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He is often considered "the father of American public education".

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"Mother" Ann Lee

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Shakers were and are what Mother Ann and her followers are now known.

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Shakers

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a Protestant religious denomination officially called The United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, originated in Manchester, England in 1772 under the leadership of Mother Ann Lee

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Albert Gallatin

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Gallatin won election to the United States Senate. When the Third Congress opened on December 2, 1793, he took the oath of office, but, on that same day, nineteen Pennsylvania Federalists filed a protest with the Senate that Gallatin did not have the minimum nine years of citizenship required to be a senator

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John Marshall

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The longest serving Chief Justice in Supreme Court history, Marshall dominated the Court for over three decades and played a significant role in the development of the American legal system.

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Judicial review

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the power of a court to review the actions of public sector bodies in terms of their legality or constitutionality

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Napoléon Bonaparte

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French military and political leader who had significant impact on modern European history

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Toussaint Louverture

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was an important leader of the Haïtian Revolution and the first leader of a free Haiti.

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Albert Gallatin

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Gallatin won election to the United States Senate. When the Third Congress opened on December 2, 1793, he took the oath of office, but, on that same day, nineteen Pennsylvania Federalists filed a protest with the Senate that Gallatin did not have the minimum nine years of citizenship required to be a senator

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John Marshall

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The longest serving Chief Justice in Supreme Court history, Marshall dominated the Court for over three decades and played a significant role in the development of the American legal system.

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Judicial review

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the power of a court to review the actions of public sector bodies in terms of their legality or constitutionality

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Napoléon Bonaparte

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French military and political leader who had significant impact on modern European history

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Toussaint Louverture

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was an important leader of the Haïtian Revolution and the first leader of a free Haiti.

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Impressment

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is the act of conscripting people to serve in the military or navy, usually by force and without notice

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Embargo Act

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Thomas Jefferson. It was brought upon by the Chesapeake incident involving Britain attacking a U.S. ship

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Order-in-Council

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is a type of legislation in Commonwealth Realms.

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War Hawk

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used to describe a member of the government who advocated waging war against Great Britain in the War of 1812.

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Oliver Hazard Perry

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was an officer in the United States Navy. served in the War of 1812 against Britain and earned the nickname "Hero of Lake Erie"

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Era of Good Feelings

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describes a period in United States political history in which partisan bitterness abated