History Test 1

Front 1

Pre-Industrial Economy

Back 1

1. Agriculture was predominate but not productive (smaller cities and towns because of food shortages.
2. Artisianry- made goods by hands
3. Cottage Industry- Produce goods by hand then sell for profit.

Front 2

17th and 18th Century Changes

Back 2

1.Agricultural Revolution
2. Putting-Out system due to introduction of new technology.
3. Manufacturing and Commercial investing
4. Monarchy and Acadamy of Sciences.

Front 3

Describe the Agricultural Revolution

Back 3

Came around because of Famine and Hunger. Key: Crop Rotation. Problem: Yeild Collapse. Solution: Alternate-crops with wheat.

Front 4

17th and 18th century changes in Great Britain

Back 4

1. 1st Central Banking System located in England (Bank of England)
2. Used canals and rivers to communicate and trade
3. A political Revolution ocurred changing Britain from a monarchy to having a parliament make laws.

Front 5

Britains Internal and External Markets

Back 5

Canada, Australia, India

Front 6

John Kay

Back 6

Flying Shuttle

Front 7

James Hargreaves

Back 7

Spinning Jenny

Front 8

Richard Awkright

Back 8

Water frame

Front 9

Thomas Newcomen

Back 9

Atmosperic Engine

Front 10

James Watt

Back 10

Improved Newcomens Steam Engine by adding and External Condenser to make it faster and more efficient.
Worked with Boulton and Wilkinson

Front 11

Puddling

Back 11

melt down oar to pull purest part out of middle

Front 12

Steam powered bellows

Back 12

Used by Britain because they didnt have charcoal; bellows raised temp of coal to produce steel.

Front 13

Rolling Mills

Back 13

Hammered Mechanically to make steel.

Front 14

What two things made Britain the richest nation of the world?

Back 14

Steel and Cotton Imports.

Front 15

Fulton

Back 15

Steamship

Front 16

Stephenson

Back 16

Railroads

Front 17

Cockerill

Back 17

In Belgium; largest textile mill in world. Used steam power. A big push towards Industrial Revolution.

Front 18

Rothschilds and Credit Mobilier

Back 18

Offered money for co.'s to use steam power.
*Created Entreprenural Middle Class

Front 19

Entrepreneural Middle Class consisted of:

Back 19

Investors
Owners
Managers
Other Middle classes: doctors, nurses, workers

Front 20

The 2nd revolution Sparked the growth of whom?

Back 20

The Middle Class

Front 21

Combustion Engine and Electricity were itroduced during what revolution?

Back 21

The 2nd Revolution

Front 22

BEGINNING OF THE LIBERAL REVOLUTIONS

Back 22

BEGINNING OF THE LIBERAL REVOLUTIONS

Front 23

Theories of the Enlightenment Background are:

Back 23

1. Liberty and Equality(liberty from monarchs, equal by nature)
2. Economic Liberty
3. Freedom of Religion
4. Natural Law
5. Natural Rights
*Thought that human life could be improved through improvement of Gov't.

Front 24

Philosophers of Enlightenment Period

Back 24

1. John Locke
2. Montesquieu
3. Rousseau

Front 25

John Locke

Back 25

Believed in Equality of Human beings and Legitimacy of Government.
"All humans are born TABULA RASA" -a blank slate
-nurture and education are needed

Front 26

Montesquieu

Back 26

Believed in Seperation of Powers:
1. Legislative
2. excecutive
3. judiciary

Front 27

Rousseau

Back 27

Believed in ABSOLUTE DEMOCRACY.
People rule themselves and have equal right to vote.

Front 28

BEGINNING OF FRENCH REVOLUTION I

Back 28

BEGINNING OF FRENCH REVOLUTION I

Front 29

Louis XVI 1744

Back 29

Ruled France with Queen Marie.
Wars, State Finances, and Nobles King Louis Had to call on the Estates General for the 1st time since 1614. Didnt help him.

Front 30

Estates General

Back 30

Nation's Midieval representative Assembly:
1st Estate: Clergy
2nd Estate: Nobles
3rd Estate: Commoners

Front 31

Tennis Court Oath

Back 31

On June 17 The Estates General (National Assembly) met at Versailes. When the Third Estate (national legislature; commoners)arrived to the convention and found the door locked they marched to the tennis courts and swore not to move until France had a Constitution.
*National Constituent Assembly of France

Front 32

Storming of the Bastille
July 14 1789

Back 32

Parisian Middle Class demolished the bastille (a prison) in Paris, not to take the nobles as prisoners, but to destroy the symbol of the Old Regime, and its fall demonstrated the growing defiance.

Front 33

Declaration of the Rights of Man

Back 33

August 26, It Proclaimed human "inalienable rights" to liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression.
-all male citizens egual before the law.
-taxes were to be levied only by common consent.

Front 34

Constitutional Monarchy

Back 34

Made France a limited monarchy
-lawmaking rights given to legislative Assembly.
-limited voting and free economy
-Church and Noble property confiscated and sold to middle class.

Front 35

Who were the Jacobins?

Back 35

Group of extreme Radicals of the National Assembly, Led By Robespierre (leader of French government) and Danton.

Front 36

National Convention

Back 36

(universal male sufferage)

Front 37

September Massacre

Back 37

Led by Danton, prosecuter for the Paris Commune and leader of Jacobins, a mob of parisians broke into the royal palace, massacred the swiss guards, and looted the premisis.
-Paris Commune seized power from the Legislative Assembly, deposed the king, and executed some 2000 suspected royalists and priests whi didnt support the Revolution.

Front 38

New National Convention declares France a Republic

Back 38

Becuase of the take over by the Paris Commune.

Front 39

THE FRENCH REVOLUTION II: THE TERROR

Back 39

THE FRENCH REVOLUTION II: THE TERROR

Front 40

Victory of new France

Back 40

Revitalized army defeated Prussians at Valmy.
Austrian Netherlands, Rhineland, and Savoy.
-Fused radicalism with nationalism
-led by Danton, Marat, and Robespierre.

Front 41

Defeated in spring 1793

Back 41

Execution of the Louis XVI spurred internal Civil War.
peasant armies, supplied by by British ships, fought the republic; worsening hunger and poor seperated Jacobins and Girondins; mobs uprose;

Front 42

With one vote, Jacobins triumphed at what issue.

Back 42

Guillotine of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette.

Front 43

Committee of Public Safety

Back 43

(12 members) Headed by Danton then Robespierre. Decided security policies. Caused false accusations of traitors who were then Guillotined (40,000 victims).
*REIGN OF TERROR*

Front 44

Reign of Terror

Back 44

Caused by the Comittee of public safety, 40,000 victims were accused of treason and guillotined. Caused the end of Girondists, Dantonists, and Robespierre himself.

Front 45

Reaction to the Reign of Terror:

Back 45

-Elimination of the C.P.S.
-New political system established: Directory to govern France.

Front 46

Directory

Back 46

Governed France, consisted of an excecutive counsel of 5 members. Conservative and antidemocratic, and anitroyalist.
encouraged military expansion.(Napoleon worked his way up to General in the French Army)

Front 47

THE FRENCH REVOLUTION III

Back 47

THE FRENCH REVOLUTION III

Front 48

Napoleon

Back 48

overthrew Directory and proclaimed himself FIRST CONSUL, with the help of his army. 1799