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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fascism
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-Mussolini
-Stressed nationalism and placed the interests of the state above those of individuals, anticommunist, private property with gov controls -1921 -Italy -To stengthen the nationm aruged power must test with a single strong leader -Mussolini began a dictator and played a factor how Italy effected the war |
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Appeasement
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-Churchill, Chamberlain
-Giving up principles to pacify an aggressor, shameful. Approved anyway -1940s -England -Hoping to avoid war -Ended up leading to war in Europe |
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Blitzkrieg
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-Germany, Poland
-Germany's new military strategy, lightening war, made use of advances in military technology (fast tanks, better aircrafts) -1939 -Germany Poland -To take enemy by surprise -Worked perfectly, weeks before Allies had a defense captured Poland by using it, and began WWII |
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Kristallnacht
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-Jews, Nazi's
-"Night of Broken Glass", Nazi's attacked Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues -1935 -Germany -Because of strong anti-Semitism and Hitler -It was a "step-up" in the policy of hatred against Jews |
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Plight of St. Louis
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-Jewish immigrants
-A German ocean linear passed Miami but was sent back by US -1939 -Miami -They didn't want the passengers embarking in America -Many of the passengers were Jewish and could have been saved from the Holocaust |
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Concentration Camps
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-Jews
-Labor camps where Jews were taken to do manual work, were sometimes eventually killed -1930s and on -Poland, Germany -Intended for Jews who were not reached by killing sqauds, and to produce supplies for the war -Killed a lot of Jews who died in the Holocaust in awful ways |
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Lend-lease Act
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-Congress, FDR
-Compared his plan to lending a garden hose to a neighbor whose house was on fire (you don't charge them for the hose). US would lend arms and other supplies to any country whose defense was vital to the US. Isolationaists against the plan -1940 -USA -Only sensible thing to do to prevent communism from spreading -Made it okay to right against the SU on issues involving democracy |
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Atlantic Charter
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-Churchill, FDR
-Started as a secret meeting, Hitler invaded SU, and US said wants any nation that doesn't want to be taken over -1941 -USA, England, Germany -They wanted to find a reason to go to war with Germany -Cause of WW11 |
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Pearl Harbor
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-USA, Japan
-Japan attacked (surprise), sinking 8 battleships, 2,500 killed huge loss for military -December 7th, 1941 -Hawaii -Japan felt war was inevitable, and wanted to say that they were not backing down -On December 8th war was declared on Japan |
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Women's Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC)
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-Women, Marshall
-Women could serve in noncombat positions, faced opposition from combat, official status and salary but few of the benefits granted to male soldiers -1942 -USA -He argued that there are duties being performed by soldiers that can be done better by women -Revolutionary for women's rights, they could anything men could do |
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Office of Price Administration (OPA)
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-FDR
-Fought inflation by freezing prices on most goods, also raised income tax rates and extended the tax to people who hadn't paid it before -1940s -USA -A response to the increase of prodcution during the war -Reduced consumer demand, and was successful on keeping inflation low |
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D-Day
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-Eisenhower, soldiers
-America invaded behind German lines and were then followed by a seaborne attack, German retaliation was brutal, at the beaches of Normandy, had a phantom army -June 6 1944 -Germany -Americans were at war with Germany, and wanted to win -Tons died very brutal, led to invasion of Germany, by late June they had recovered France and Belgium |
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Battle of the Bulge
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-Hitler, Allies
-Americans captured Dresdin, Hitler responded by ordering his troops to break though the Allie lines to recapture it, then German tanks broke through defenses creating a bulge in the lines -1944 -Germany -Wanted to gain ground in the war -Germans were actually pushed back, little had changed, large death toll, last major German offense, Hitler commits suicide |
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Battle of Midway
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-Nimitz, Allies
-Nimitz moved defend Hawaii from Japan and is planes found the Japanese fleet and they were caught before take off (Japan lost 250 planes, 4 aircrafts, Allies get closer and closer to Japan -1942 -Japan -Allies broke a code that told them about the Japanese crafts -Turning point of the Pacific War, Allies began island hopping and won territories back from Japan |
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Hiroshima/Nagasaki
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-People of the two cities, Americans
-America decided to bomb Japan, 1st bomb=little boy (80,000 killed), Japan didn't surrender, 2nd bomb=fat man 3 days later (60,000) -1945 -Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan -They wanted to hit a city that hadn't been bombed so they could tell the scale of the damage, wanted intimidate SU, "lesser of two evils" -Bomb ends war and Japanese surrender |
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Nuremberg Trials
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-Nazis
-Charged Nazi leaders with war crimes, 22 top ones 12 hung 7 jail time for "crimes of humanity" -1945 -Germany -Was law to kill in Germany, but they believed they should be punished because of crimes against humanity -People didn't were just doing what they were told and got executed |
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Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
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-James Farmer
-Interracial organization, lots of violence against black and whites, in one by the time FDR put a stop to it 9 whites and 25 blacks had been killed -1942 -North -To confront urban segregation in the North -Lots of hostility and violence between the two races and an example of how it escaladed to murder |
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Japanese Internment
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-FDR
-Lots of Japanese people relocated from the West Coast and put into camps -1942 -America -Because they feared the Japanese were going to spy on them -They decided it was legal for the sake of the country, families never exactly paid back, example of how the gov stepped in |
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Policy of Containment
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-Kennan
-Taking measures to prevent any extension of communist rule to other countries, became Truman's foreign policy -1946 -USA -They were afraid that communism would take over lots of countries -Lead to the iron curtain, and the US defended democracy |
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Marshall Plan
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-Secretary of State (Marshall)
-US will provide $ to Western Europe and Germany in order to rebuild and trade with them, and have a good relationship with US -1947 -USA, Western Europe, Germany -In order to contain communism and build up capitalism -Over all worked, Communist party lost much of it's appeal |
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Berlin Airlift
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-Soldiers
-Airlift supplies into Germany and dropped them for about a year. Stalin threatened but US refused to back down, flew through SU zone -1948 -Germany -Because the Soviets blockaded aid from West to East Germany -Tension between SU and US, lead to the Cold War |
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38th Parallel
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-Korea
-A latitude line the divided North Korea and South Korea, North being communist and South being democratic -1945 -Korea -Because the two Koreas had different ideas of government -US because of it's policy defended North Korea to stop the spread of communism, example of US using the plan |
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House of Un-American Activities Committee
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-HUAC
-Known to exagerate, but their purpose was to catch communists, but a lot of times they went after liberals and movie stars and communist influence -1947 -USA -US government feared a takeover from communists and thought they were dangerous to democracy -Investigations not necesarily backed with good evidence |
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Rosenbergs
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-Ethel and Julius Rosenberg
-Minor activist communists, Jewish, accused and killed, unlikely that they actually did it -1950 -USA -They thought they had leaked atomic bomb secrets to SU -Example of people could be killed with not much evidence if they were a threat to the gov. |
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Brinkmanship
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-Eisenhower
-Push communists to the brink of war by building up the US military but not have an actual fight -1950s -USA -So the SU would back down, but also avoid massive retaliation -Dangerous because if the SU actually did strike, it could have mutually extinted us |
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GI Bill of Rights
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-War veterans
-Gave scholarships, loans, one year of unemployment benefits to war veterans -1944 -USA -Response to fears of GIs returning and being unemployed because they had left their job or had no skills to be used in a job -Millions of families benefitted from the benefits, some used to buy homes and start businesses |
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Dixiecrats
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-Southern Democrats
-Formed the State's Rights Democratic Party and nominated their own presidential candidate (Thurmond) -1948 -South -To protest Truman being a Democrat who was pro-civil rights -Left wing democrats were angry because they thought the Dixiecrats were not a good representation of their party |
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Fair Deal
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-Truman
-An extension of Roosevelt's New Deal. Improvements included=housing farmers, increase minimum wage, social security, decrease unemployment, civil rights -1940s -USA -He wanted to make improvements liek FDR had -Although he had good ideas, most were not acomplished |
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Baby Boom
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-Families
-When soldiers came home from WWII, an unprecedented population explosion occurred -1940s-60s -USA -They attributed this to the Soliders returning, and therefore more people could reproduce -The US birthrate soared, the largest generation in US history |
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Beat Movement
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-Beatniks
-Social and literary movement in Noncomformity artists, poets, and writers. Beat referred to a musical beat -1950s -San Francisco, LA, New York -New cultures were emerging in this time, nonconformist wanted to express themselves -People who were not stereotypical normal had an outlet and lots of great poetry and writing was produced |
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White Flight
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-White people
-Millions of middle-class white Americans left the cities for the suburbs, taking with them economic resources and isolated themselves from other races -1950s -US -Whites wanted to isolate themselves from the urban poor -Made an urban crisis, had impact on poor and cities lost people and businesses. Gov. could no longer afford to properly maintain community |
