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197 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Portrait
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Recognizable image of a particular person
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Patron
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Person who commissions artwork
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Icon
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Image of a divine figure
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Ziggurat
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Stepped tower
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Acropolis
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City on a hill
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Still life
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image of objects
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Nonrepresentational
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Not depicting natural forms or things
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Representational
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Depicting natural or recognizable things
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Naturalistic
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Depicting natural or recognizable things
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Illusionistic
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Made to look so real as to fool the eye
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Trompe–l’oeil
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Made to look so real as to fool the eye
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Scale
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Relative size
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Metaphor
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Figurative meaning (example: my body is my temple)
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Ground or floor plan
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Drawing of a building that shows position of walls
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Formalism
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Looking at the formal elements of art
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Iconographic
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Interpreting art on the basis of the story
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Iconology
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Program of meaning
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Mimesis
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Exact copy of nature
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Composition
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Over–all arrangement of artwork
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Perspective
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System used to give the illusion of depth
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Vanishing point
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Where parallel lines converge on the horizon
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Organic matter
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Living matter
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Pigment
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Coloring Material
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Spectrum
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Range of seven principal colors
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Primary colors
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Red, yellow, blue
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Secondary colors
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Mix of two primary colors
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Complementary colors
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Opposite on the color wheel
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Value
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Relative lightness or darkness
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Idealized
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Following a standard of beauty
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Paleolithic
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Old Stone Age
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Neolithic
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New Stone Age
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Carving
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Subtractive sculpture technique
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Modeling
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Additive sculpture technique
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Sculpture in the round
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Sculpture visible from all sides
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Relief
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Three–dimensional but mainly flat sculpture
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Radiocarbon analysis
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Establishes the age of organic historic remains
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Megaliths
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Monuments of big stones
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Post–and–lintel
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Basic construction system of two uprights and one horizontal element
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Jericho
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Oldest city that was fortified with a stone wall
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Mudbrick
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Sun–dried brick used for construction
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Mesopotamia
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Ancient land between Tigris and Euphrates (Iraq)
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Register
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Arrangement in horizontal bands
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Convention
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Accepted standard of representation
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Cylinder seal
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Carved cylindrical surface that transfers an image
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Cuneiform
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Early Mesopotamian script developed from wedge–shaped pictographs
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Pictograph
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Pictorial symbols for words
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Hierarchical scale
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Size equates status
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Code of Hammurabi
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Early collection of laws carved into stone
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Glaze
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Water–resistant finish on clay objects
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Polytheism
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Belief in many Gods
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Horus
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Falcon God, identified with the Pharaoh and the sun
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Ka
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Soul (Egyptian)
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Mastaba
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Bench tomb
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Imhotep
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Egyptian high priest and architect of Zoser’s step pyramid
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Hypostyle
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Columned hall
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Pylon
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Slanted gate tower
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Clerestory
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Upper level windows
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Sanctuary
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Holiest area in a place of worship
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Canon
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Standard of proportion
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Hypostyle
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columned hallway
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Obelisk
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four sided pillar, tapered
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Canopic container
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Container for body parts
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Minoan
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Culture of island of Crete
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Labyrinth
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Maze–like arrangement of spaces
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Meandering
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Moving back and forth
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Terracotta
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Low–fired clay, brownish in color
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Fresco
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Painting on plaster of wall or ceiling
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Faience
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Glass–paste glazing
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Mycenaean
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Culture of Mycenae
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Citadel
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Elevated fortress
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Megaron
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Porch–fronted room
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Cyclopean
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Masonry made of giant stones
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Corbeling
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bridging a gap through projecting stone courses
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Polis
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Greek city state
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Democracy
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government by the people
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Iliad, Odyssey
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Homer’s epics
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Anthropomorphic
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human shaped
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Geometric style
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1000–700 BC, Greece
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Archaic style
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600–480 BC, Greece
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Mosaic
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image made of small stones or glass
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Kouros
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youth, male
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Kore
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girl
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Archaic smile
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sign of life
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Contrapposto
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natural stance, asymmetrical
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Lost wax
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bronze casting process
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Classical style
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450–400 BC, Greece
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Peristyle
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colonnade
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Classic orders
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Doric, Ionic, Corinthian
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Volute
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scroll shape in Ionic capital
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Acanthus
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leave shapes in Corinthian capital
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Drum
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column shaft segment
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Flute
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vertical ridges in column shafts
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Pediment
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triangular shape in Greek temple facade
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Frieze
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horizontal band with relief sculpture
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Architrave
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beam above capitals
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triglyph and metope
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alternating spaces of the Doric frieze
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Orchestra
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circular performance space in ancient theatre
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Skene
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stone backdrop in theatre
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Pilaster
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Flattened column, attached to a wall
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Sarcophagus
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Large coffin made of stone, terra–cotta or metal
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Archaic smile
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“Grin” on the face of archaic sculptures, symbolizing life
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Cinerary urn
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Container of cremation remains
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Gable
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Triangular upper wall under a pitched roof
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Commemorative
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Made to remember
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True arch
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Made of tapered stone or brick to bridge an opening
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Arcade
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Side by side sequence of arches
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Vault
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Back–to–back sequence of arches
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Tunnel/Barrel vault
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Continuous semi circular vault
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Cross/Groin vault
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Two identical vaults meeting at right angles
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Pier
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Vertical massing of masonry to support an arch or a vault
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Centering/Formwork
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Wooden frames used while mortar cures or sets
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Buttress
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Support to counter thrust
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Domus
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Latin for “house”
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Atrium
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Central space in Roman house, open to the sky
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Insula
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Roman apartment block up to 5 stories high
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Forum
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Public urban space in Rome; modern: gathering to communicate
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Basilica
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In ancient Rome: a hall for legal and commercial functions, later: a church type
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Nave
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Central space in a basilica
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Amphitheatre
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Two theatres joined to produce an outdoor entertainment facility
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Aqueduct
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Gravity–fed water course (falaj)
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Rotunda
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Large round interior space
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Oculus
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Circular opening to the sky
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Triumphal arch
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Commemorative structure
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Bust
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Portrait type, showing head and shoulders
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Equestrian monument
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Horse and rider sculpture
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Pompeii
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Roman city destroyed when Vesuvius erupted AD 79
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Fresco
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Painting on wet plaster
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Mural
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Wall painting
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In situ
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(Latin) in original location
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Constantine the Great
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Roman Emperor who made Christianity legal
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Byzantium
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Old name of Constantinople, modern Istanbul
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Holy Communion/Eucharist/Mass
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Symbolic celebration of Christ’s last supper
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Biblos/Byblos
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Greek for “book”, also city in Lebanon
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Halo
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Circle behind the head indicating holy status
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Saint
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Person whose piety has been officially recognized
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Apocalypse
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End of the world
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Schism
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Breakup
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Salvation
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Forgiveness of sin through Christ, eternal life
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Symbol
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Sign referring to hidden meaning
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Catacomb
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Underground burial place for early Christians
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Transept
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Cross nave before the altar
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Apse
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Semicircular niche behind the altar
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Altar
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Permanent table in a church where mass is celebrated
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Cruciform
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In the shape of a cross
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Central type
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Circular or polygonal church (Byzantine type)
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Ambulatory
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Covered walkway around the nave
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Gallery
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2nd story space in a church
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Pendentive
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Spherical triangle between pier and dome
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Screen wall
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Perforated, not load–bearing wall
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Parchment
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Writing surface made from animal skin
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Iconoclasm
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Opposed to worship of images
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Islam
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“submission” to God’s will
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Qibla
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wall denoting direction of Mecca
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Mihrab
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prayer niche in the qibla
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Minbar
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pulpit
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Cloisonné
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Colored enamel in metalwork
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Illuminated manuscript
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Hand decorated medieval text, usually biblical
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Charlemagne
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First emperor of Holy Roman Empire, crowned 800
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Seven liberal arts
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Medieval school curriculum
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Apocalypse
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End of the world
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Monastery
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Community of monks, included educational, agricultural and religious services
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Romanesque
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Medieval style, Roman–like
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Feudalism
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Medieval dependency system, land–use against military service
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Reliquary
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Container for relics (sacred remains)
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Triptych
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Artwork consisting of three parts
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Ambulatory
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Walkway around the nave in a church
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Radiating chapels
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Chapels for relics attached to an apse
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Transverse ribs
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Ribs supporting a vault
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Cluster Pier
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Complex support from which ribs emanate
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Portal
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Main entrance door
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Tympanum
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Semicircular space above a portal lintel
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Abbot Suger
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of St. Denis, Paris, founder of gothic style
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chevet
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gothic grouping of choir, ambulatory and apse
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rib vault
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light vault, supported by ribs
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compound pier
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cluster pier
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flying buttress
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open air arch, provides counter thrust
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skeleton
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frame–like structural system
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guild
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medieval professional association
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tracery
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ornamental stonework in windows
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stained glass
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colored glass fragments in Gothic windows
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cathedral
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urban church, seat of a bishop
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jamb statues
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column–shaped statues, flanking a portal
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cloister
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covered passageway open to a court–yard
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chapter House
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meeting hall attached to a church
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transept
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cross arm in a church, at right angle to the nave
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fan vault
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vault with ribs that fan out
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lancet
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tall, narrow, arched window without tracery
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rose window
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large circular window with tracery
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Renaissance
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“rebirth” of ancient Greek and Roman culture
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Tempera
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water based paint, mixed with egg, used on panels
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Altarpiece
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religious painting behind an altar
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Fresco
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water based painting on damp plaster wall
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Allegory
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Symbolic representation of an idea
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Bubonic plague
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Disastrous 14th epidemic, carried by fleas and rats
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Ecclesiastic
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Church–related
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Book of hours
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Illustrated prayer book
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International Gothic
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Lavish court style
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