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73 Cards in this Set

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Chavin
Artsy people in modern day peru 900-200 BCE. ANthropomorphic religion. metallurgy.
Olmecs
Pre-columbian society in south mexico. Art Style, fish vessel. Altars 1400-400 BCE
Olmec Religion
Olmec Dragon, Bird, Feathered serpent, Maize deity
Sahel
Sub-Saharan Africa.
Meroe
Captial of a small kingdom in North Africa. Had Pyramids.
Nok Culture
Appeared in Nigeria around 1000 BCE then mysteriously diappeared shortly after. Iron use/smelting/forging. Sculptures. Terracotta figures.
Sixteen States
Turbulent time in south asia during the life of the Buddha
Jati
Buddhist birth. 4 forms of birth. type of suffering
Untouchables
Lowest caste in the caste system of hinduism/india. They cleaned the streets.
Mahavir
Indian sage that created Jainism. 599-527 BCE. Indian prince. Renounced his princehood and gave up his worldy possessions. 26 births prior to current life. 8 cardinal principles for life.
Jainism
A dharmic religion of india started by mahavir. Non violent. Every soul is divine.
Ahimsa
A term meaning do not harm. Used in buddhism. Jainism and hinduism
Buddha
Siddhārtha Gautama . Prince. Enlightened under a tree. four truths. Eightfold path. Nirvana.
Buddhism
four truths. Eightfold path. Nirvana.
Four Truths
Thus is the Noble Truth of Suffering
Thus is the Noble Truth of the Accumulation of Suffering
Thus is the Noble Truth of the Elimination of Suffering
Thus is the Noble Truth of the Path that Leads Away from Suffering
Noble Eightfold Path
he way leading to the cessation of suffering (dukkha) and the achievement of self-awakenin. Dharma wheel
Spring and Autumn period
6th century BCE. before warring states period. Peaceful. Formed a stable multi-state system. Lead by the zhous
Warring States Period
475 BCE to 200 BCE. Regional warlords annexed small parts of china. Grew to 7 major warring states. Qin won in the end, leading to the qin dynasty.
Hundred Schools of Thought
Chinese schools of thought from 770 BCE to 220 BCE. LEGALISM. Taoism. Mohism. COnfusciousnism.
Confucious
founder of Confuciousism from spring and autumn period. emphasized personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice and sincerity. Wrote in the analects.
Analects
The writings of confuscious are written on these.
Mohism
Mozi, Universal love/impartial love
Daoism
naturalness, vitality, peace, "non-action" (wu wei, or 'effortless effort'), emptiness (refinement), detachment, flexibility, receptiveness, spontaneity, the relativism of human ways of life, ways of speaking and guiding behavior.
Legalism/Statism
Fa The law code must be clearly written and made public., Shu Special tactics and "secrets" are to be employed by the ruler to make sure others don't take over control of the state, Shi It is the position of the ruler, not the ruler himself or herself, that holds the power. Therefore, analysis of the trends, the context, and the facts are essential for a real ruler.
Alexander the Great
July 356 – 10/11 June 323 BC. Make biggest empire at the time. Made tons of towns named Alexandria. Library of Alexandria. King of Macedon, son of Phillip II
Phalanx
) is a rectangular mass military formation, usually composed entirely of heavy infantry armed with spears, pikes, sarissas, or similar weapons. The term is particularly (and originally) used to describe the use of this formation in Ancient Greek warfare. HOPLITES
Hellenism
Greek Culture, spread of greek culture through conquest
Alexandria (in Egypt)
Largest City built by Alexander the great, still around today. Once contained the great Library of Alexandria.
Berenice I of Egypt.
Berenice I (c. 340 BC-between 279-274 BC) was a Greek Macedonian noblewoman and through her marriage to Ptolemy I Soter, became the first Queen of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt.
Koine
The common greek dialect that if you spoke it you could get by in
Cosmopolitan
Cosmopolitanism can be traced back to the founding father of the Cynic movement in Ancient Greece, Diogenes of Sinope (c. 412 B.C.). Of Diogenes it is said: "Asked where he came from, he answered: 'I am a citizen of the world (kosmopolitês)'".[1] This was a ground-breaking concept, because the broadest basis of social identity in Greece at that time was either the individual city-state or the Greeks (Hellenes) as a group. The Stoics, who later took Diogenes' idea and developed it into a full blown concept, typically stressed that each human being "dwells […] in two communities – the local community of our birth, and the community of human argument and aspiration"
Stoicism
The Stoics provided a unified account of the world, consisting of formal logic, non-dualistic physics and naturalistic ethics. Of these, they emphasized ethics as the main focus of human knowledge, though their logical theories were to be of more interest for many later philosophers.
Stoicism teaches the development of self-control and fortitude as a means of overcoming destructive emotions; the philosophy holds that becoming a clear and unbiased thinker allows one to understand the universal reason (logos). A primary aspect of Stoicism involves improving the individual’s ethical and moral well-being: "Virtue consists in a will which is in agreement with Nature."[6] This principle also applies to the realm of interpersonal relationships; "to be free from anger, envy, and jealousy,"[7] and to accept even slaves as "equals of other men, because all alike are sons of God."[8] Taught by Zeno
Maccabees
he Maccabees (Hebrew: מכבים‎ or מקבים, Makabim or Maqabim; Greek Μακκαβαῖοι, /makav'εï/) were a Jewish rebel army who took control of parts of the Land of Israel, which had been a client state of the Seleucid Empire. They founded the Hasmonean dynasty, which ruled from 164 BCE to 63 BCE, reasserting the Jewish religion, expanding the boundaries of Israel and reducing the influence of Hellenism.
Carthage
Elephants, North Africa, Hannibal
Plantation slavery in the Mediterranean
idk
Mauryan Empire
The Maurya Empire was a geographically extensive and powerful empire in ancient India, ruled by the Mauryan dynasty from 321 to 185 BC. Chandragupta Maurya's rise to power is shrouded in mystery and controversy. On the one hand, a number of ancient Indian accounts, such as the drama Mudrarakshasa (Poem of Rakshasa - Rakshasa was the prime minister of Magadha) by Visakhadatta, describe his royal ancestry and even link him with the Nanda family. A kshatriya tribe known as the Maurya's are referred to in the earliest Buddhist texts, Mahaparinibbana Sutta.
Chandragupta Maurya
born c. 340 BCE, ruled c. 320,[1] – 298 BCE[2] died about 298 BCE) was the founder of the Maurya Empire. Chandragupta succeeded in conquering most of the Indian subcontinent. Chandragupta, the first Mauryan king, claimed descent from Shakya clan of the Kshatriya varna.
Ashoka
popularly known as Ashoka the Great, was an Indian emperor of the Maurya Dynasty who ruled almost all of the Indian subcontinent from 269 BC to 232 BC. One of India's greatest emperors, Ashoka reigned over most of present-day India after a number of military conquests. His empire stretched from present-day Pakistan, Afghanistan in the west, to the present-day Bangladesh and the Indian state of Assam in the east, and as far south as northern Kerala and Andhra. He conquered the kingdom named Kalinga, which no one in his dynasty had conquered starting from Chandragupta Maurya
Edicts of Ashoka
The Edicts of Ashoka are a collection of 33 inscriptions on the Pillars of Ashoka, as well as boulders and cave walls, made by the Emperor Ashoka of the Mauryan dynasty during his reign from 269 BCE to 231 BCE. These inscriptions are dispersed throughout the areas of modern-day India, Nepal and Pakistan and represent the first tangible evidence of Buddhism
Bactria
as the ancient name of a historical region in Central Asia, located between the range of the Hindu Kush and the Amu Darya (Oxus). It was a part of the northeastern periphery of the Iranian world, now part of Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and, as a smaller part, Turkmenistan. The region was once host to religions like Zoroastrianism and Buddhism.
Ai Khanoum
, was founded in the 4th century BC, following the conquests of Alexander the Great and was one of the primary cities of the Greco-Bactrian kingdom.
Mahayana Buddhism
s one of the two main existing branches of Buddhism and a term for classification of Buddhist philosophies and practice. Mahāyāna Buddhism originated in India.
The Mahāyāna tradition is the larger of the two major traditions of Buddhism existing today, the other being that of the Theravāda school. According to the teachings of Mahāyāna traditions, "Mahāyāna" also refers to the path of seeking complete enlightenment for the benefit of all sentient beings, also called "Bodhisattvayāna", or the "Bodhisattva Vehicle."[1][2]
Silk Road
he Silk Road (or Silk Routes) is an extensive interconnected network of trade routes across the Asian continent connecting East, South, and Western Asia with the Mediterranean world, as well as North and Northeast Africa and Europe. The Silk Road gets its name from the lucrative Chinese silk trade, a major reason for the connection of trade routes into an extensive trans-continental network
Silk Road commodities
Silk, jewels, jade, cdar
Caravan
A group of traders traveling together.
Caravan city
Cities that developed in deserts along popular trade routes where caravans could stop along their travels. Palmyra
Petra
a historic and archaeological city in the Jordanian governorate of Ma'an that is known for its rock cut architecture and water conduits system
Palmyra
In the old times it was an important city of central Syria, located in an oasis 215 km northeast of Damascus[4] and 180 km southwest of the Euphrates at Deir ez-Zor. It has long been a vital caravan city for travellers crossing the Syrian desert and was known as the Bride of the Desert. The earliest documented reference to the city by its Semitic name Tadmor, Tadmur or Tudmur (which means "the town that repels" in Amorite and "the indomitable town" in Aramaic.[5]) is recorded in Babylonian tablets found in Mari
Periplus
greek sailing maps.
Dhows
is a traditional Arab sailing vessel with one or more lateen sails. It is primarily used to carry heavy items, like fruit, along the coasts of the Arabian Peninsula, Pakistan, India and East Africa. Larger dhows have crews of approximately thirty people, while smaller dhows typically have crews of around twelve. Dhows are much larger than feluccas, another type of Arab boat usually used in fresh water in Egypt, Sudan and Iraq.
Monsoon winds
Blow in and out of the Mediterranean
Qin Dynasty
Qin Zi Huang. lasted 22 years, united china for the first time imperially. Lead to the Han Dynasty
Qin Shi Huang
personal name Ying Zheng (嬴政), was king of the Chinese State of Qin from 246 BC to 221 BC during the Warring States Period.[3] He became the first emperor of a unified China in 221 BC.[3] He ruled until his death in 210 BC at the age of 49.[4] Built the great wall
Terracotta army
"Terra Cotta Warriors and Horses", is a collection of terracota sculptures depicting the armies of Qin Shi Huang, the First Emperor of China.
Emperor Wu of Han
Emperor Wu of Han (traditional Chinese: 漢武帝; simplified Chinese: 汉武帝; pinyin: Hànwǔdì; Wade–Giles: Wu Ti), (156 BC[6]–29 March, 87 BC), personal name Liu Che (劉徹), was the seventh emperor of the Han Dynasty of China, ruling from 141 BC to 87 BC. Emperor Wu is best remembered for the vast territorial expansion that occurred under his reign, as well as the strong and centralized Confucian state he organized. He is cited in Chinese history as the greatest emperor of the Han dynasty and one of the greatest emperors in Chinese history. Emperor Wu's effective governance made the Han Dynasty one of the, if not the most powerful, nations in the world. Expanded
Western Han Dynasty
First Han Dynasty. Wang Mang
Eastern han Dynasty
Eastern Han (25–220 AD
Wang Mang
was a Han Dynasty official who seized the throne from the Liu family and founded the Xin (or Hsin, meaning "new") Dynasty (新朝), ruling AD 9–23. The Han dynasty was restored after his overthrow and his rule marks the separation between the Western Han Dynasty (before Xin) and Eastern Han Dynasty (after Xin). Some historians have traditionally viewed Wang as a usurper, while others have portrayed him as a visionary and selfless social reformer. Though a learned Confucian scholar who sought to implement the harmonious society he saw in the classics, his efforts ended in chaos.
punic war
rome vs carthage 264 - 164 BCE
Julius Caesar
(13 July 100 BC[3] – 15 March 44 BC)[4] was a Roman general and statesman. He played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire.
Re publica/republic
public matter
Gracchian Brothers
The Gracchi brothers, Tiberius and Gaius, were Roman Plebian noblemen who both served as tribunes in 2nd century BC. They attempted to pass land reform legislation that would redistribute the major patrician landholdings among the plebeians. For this legislation and their membership in the Populares party they have been considered the founding fathers of both socialism and populism.
Octavian
) is considered the first emperor of the Roman Empire, which he ruled alone from 27 BC until his death in 14 AD.[note 1] Born Gaius Octavius Thurinus, he was adopted posthumously by his great-uncle Gaius Julius Caesar in 44 BC via his last will and testament, and between then and 27 BC was officially named Gaius Julius Caesar
Pax romana
was the long period of relative peace and minimal expansion by military force experienced by the Roman Empire in the 1st and 2nd centuries AD. Since it was established by Caesar Augustus it is sometimes called Pax Augusta. Its span was approximately 207 years (27 BC to 180 AD).[
Claudius
Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (1 August 10 BC – 13 October AD 54), born Tiberius Claudius Drusus, then Tiberius Claudius Nero Germanicus until his accession, was Roman Emperor from 41 to 54 AD. A member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, he was the son of Drusus and Antonia Minor. He was born at Lugdunum in Gaul, and was the first emperor to be born outside Italy.
Pompeii and Herculaneum
Volcano towns
Gladiator
celebrity
Colosseum
The Colosseum, or the Coliseum, originally the Flavian Amphitheatre (Latin: Amphitheatrum Flavium, Italian Anfiteatro Flavio or Colosseo), is an elliptical amphitheatre in the centre of the city of Rome, Italy, the largest ever built in the Roman Empire. It is considered one of the greatest works of Roman architecture and Roman engineering.
Aquaduct
Brought water into the city
Pasterfamilias
The paterfamilias (plural: patres familias) was the head of a Roman family. The term is Latin for "father of the family" or the "owner of the family estate". The form is irregular and archaic in Latin, preserving the old genitive ending in -as (see Latin declension). The pater familias was always a Roman citizen.
roman roads
e Roman roads were roads built by the Roman empire, intended for swift transport of material from one location to another, for cattle, vehicles, or any similar traffic along the path. They were essential for the growth of the Roman Empire.[1] Roman roads enabled the Romans to move armies and trade goods and to communicate news.[2] The Roman road system spanned more than 400,000 km of roads, including over 80,500 km of paved roads.[3][4] When Rome reached the height of its power, no fewer than 29 great military highways radiated from the city.[5] Hills were cut through and deep ravines filled in.[5] At one point, the Roman Empire was divided into 113 provinces traversed by 372 great road links.[5] In Gaul alone, no less than 21,000 km of road are said to have been improved, and in Britain at least 4,000 km.[5]
The Romans became adept at constructing roads,[6] which they called viae.[7] They were intended for carrying material from one location to another. It was permitted to walk or pass and drive cattle, veh
Mithraism
he Mithraic mysteries or mysteries of Mithras (also Mithraism) was a mystery religion centered on the god Mithras, which became popular among the military in the Roman Empire, from the 1st to 4th centuries AD. Information on the religion is based mainly on interpretations of the many surviving monuments. The most characteristic of these are depictions of Mithras as being born from a rock, and as sacrificing a bull. His worshippers had a complex system of seven grades of initiation, with ritual meals. They met in underground temples, which survive in large numbers. Little else is known for certain.
Cult of Isis
ut there were also cult centers for the Egyptian Sarapis and Isis, and of the Syrian Atargatis and Hadad.[16] By the 1st century BCE there were additional religions that followed Ba'al and Astarte, a Jewish Synagogue and Romans who followed the original Roman religions of gods like Apollo and Neptune.[16]