History Study Guide #4

Front 1

Second Great Awakening (1790-1830)
Causes

Back 1

-decline of traditional religion, rise in deism and rationalism, rise in concern over economic and geographic expansion

Front 2

Second Great Awakening (1790-1830):
First Phase (East and colleges)
Second Phase (West and camp meetings)

Back 2

(1787) two colleges, Presbyterian minister James McGready helps with growth of revivalism, Yale college-Timothy Dwight notices "free thinking"

-a few churches McGready starts networking with other denominations to impact the west. (1800-1803) visual representation of movement by the Holy Spirit takes place in "camp meetings" or "exercises"

Front 3

Second Great Awakening (1790-1830):
Third Phase (Charles G. Finney)

Back 3

(1821) New York converted to Christianity; Finney vegan preaching "anxious bench" (a technique used when he was a lawyer); "protracted meetings"-women would pray in large groups for the future services

Front 4

Results of the Second Great Awakening

Back 4

Denominationalism: Methodists, Baptists, Churches of Christ, Disciples of Christ, Adventism-millennialism

Restorationism: Mormonism (Joseph Smith)

Front 5

Westward Expansion:
Santa Fe Trail (1821-1843)
Missouri River (1820-1840s)
Oregon Trail (1837)

Back 5

-out of Missouri and down into Spanish Territory to Santa Fe (edge of the Frontier of Mexico); "Should Texas be made a state?"
-towards more northern regions, Fur trade: trapping beavers for their pelts to make hats, "rendez-vous" the gatherings of rough men who drank and fought
-Travel west to Willamette Valley, Oregon from the panic in the East; conditions were too severe to travel that far west so many turned around

Front 6

Tyler Administration
California, Oregon, Texas
Repeal Independent Treasury
Higher tariffs
3rd bank of the U.S.

Back 6

Tyler originally was a Democrat but ran for the Whig party. He wanted to avoid the slave state issue. The Oregon territory is so large that there is an issue on how to settle it.
Henry Clay Repeals the Independent Treasury after a year. Instated high tariffs to protect American industry. Tyler vetoed the Bank of the U.S. after it passed through Congress.
John Tyler becomes a man without a political party.

Front 7

Mexican War (1846-1848)
Causes

Back 7

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Front 8

Mexican War:
California

Back 8

John C. Fremont (old path finder) sets out with troops to take control of Sanoma, California to create the "Republic of California" (independent of other countries)
John Sloat and his fleet claim that California is no longer a republic and part of the United States.

Front 9

Mexican War:
Mexico City (Sept. 13, 1847)
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo (Feb. 2, 1848)
Results and 5 firsts

Back 9

the siege of Mexico City ends the war.

Rio Grande- boundary between U.S. and Mexico
California & New Mexico territory- territory given to U.S. for $15 million
-the war cost $98 million; 1)first offensive war 2)major amphibious operation 3)occupy foreign capitol 4)martial law on foreign soil 5) west point graduates

Front 10

Slavery in the territories:
Wilmot Proviso
Calhoun Resolutions
Popular Sovereignty

Back 10

-states all territory added during mexican war will be free
-according to the 5th amendment, slavery cannot be prevented
-Lewis Cass & Stephen Douglas think the people of the territories should decide

Front 11

Compromise of 1850
Authors
5 major points

Back 11

Authors: Clay and Douglas, used only 5 points to pass the bill through congress. 1) california enters as a free state 2) texas/ new mexico act (tx receives $10 million for the territory loss) 3)Utah is organized into territory 4)Fugitive slave law (any issue with runaway slave would not appear in front of a jury & american citizens would assist in capturing runaway slaves) 5) Washington D.C. slave trade (illegal to buy or sell in the Capital)

Front 12

Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)
cause & authors
four points
results

Back 12

author: Stephen Douglas wanted to expand into the west with railroads
1)organize territory into Kasas & Nebraska territory 2)repeal Missouri Compromise 3)any issue with slaves could go straight to the Supreme Court 4)popular sovereignty
-does not resolve slavery, angers people, end the whig party, divide democratic party (northern and southern), create border between kansas and missouri, and new republican party

Front 13

The Dred Scot Decision (1857)

Back 13

A military doctor, John Emerson, had a slave called Dred Scot. When the doctor died, Dred Scot ends up living in a free state and fights for his freedom.
The case is taken to the supreme court and Chief Justice Roger Taney announces Dred Scott is a slave and has no legal standing as a citizen of the U.S.