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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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At the outset, President Lincoln held that the Civil War was being fought to?
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Preserve the Union
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Why did both the South and North experience rioting during the Civil War?
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In the South over food; in the North over the draft. |
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The Emancipation Proclamation
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Freed slaves only in areas in rebellion against the US but not in areas that remained loyal. |
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The final Union war strategy included all of the following components EXCEPT?
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Guerilla warfare |
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Sea power played an especially important role in the Civil War in the form of the what?
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Union Blockade of the Confederate coast.
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The Battle of Antietam was?
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The bloodiest single day's fighting of the war |
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During the Civil War, northern black leaders such as Frederick Douglass worked as army recruiting agents because they believe that:
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Black participation in the army would be a step toward black citizenship
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The battle of Gettysburg was significant because it:
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Inflicted a major loss on General Lee's Army
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What two issues lay at the heart of Reconstruction
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The future of political and economic power for freed slaves, and the future of North-South economic and political relations.
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Under new President Andrew Johnson, presidential reconstruction
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Made it possible for former high-ranking confederates to assume positions of power in the reconstructed southern governments.
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Which of the following was not a feature of Abraham Lincoln's "10% Plan"?
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Southern plantations were to be confiscated and divide among the blacks who had formerly worked there as slaves.
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During the Reconstruction, what groups was the backbone of the republican party in the south, providing eight out of ten Republican votes?
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Freedmen
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American in the post-Civil War decades who waved the bloody shirt were? |
Republicans reviving the memory of southern Democratic disloyalty during the Civil War
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The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution was important because?
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Guaranteed equal protection under the law for every American Citizen |
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Andrew Johnson narrowly avoided conviction on impeachment charges because?
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Some Republicans feared that removal would set a bad precedent for using impeachment as a political weapon against the presidency.
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In the years after the Civil War, most freedmen ended up working as?
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Farmers under a sharecropper system
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The 13th Amendment established
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The legal end of slavery in America
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The purpose of the freedman bureau was to?
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feed, adjust, and educate the former slaves, thus aiding their adjustement to freedom.
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The "Compromise of 1877" did what?
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Ended federal military support of Republican administrations in the South.
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The US policy toward the Native American changed dramatically with the passage in 1877 o the Dawes Act, which?
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Wiped out tribal ownership of property and granted 160 acres to head of families.
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The US government outlawing of the Indian Sun (Ghost) Dance in 1890 resulted in the?
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Battle of Wounded Knee
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The two factors that did most to stimulate rapid western settlement were? |
The homestead act and the railroad
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The mining towns which developed between 1860 - 1890?
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They were often abandoned after the mines closed, were predominantly settled by men, and frequently suffered from lawlessness. (All of the above)
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The rapid development between of railroads in the US was accomplished?
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With the help of some of the largest government subsidies ever granted.
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Open-range ranching came to an end due to?
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Fencing of the plains with barbed wire.
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The Homestead Act provided?
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160 acres of free land within the public domain to any head of household who would settle on it and improve it over a period of fice years.
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The railroads influenced the cattle industry by?
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Helping to make the "long drive" economically feasible, transporting cattle to markets in the North and the East, bringing in farmers who fence the Plains, eventually ending the open-range form of cattle ranching.
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The federal government's Indian policy between 1876 and 1900 was characterized by?
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A movement to encourage the Indians to learn the ways of white society.
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The purpose of the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 was to?
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Weaken tribes, allot land to individual Indians and promote assimilation
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Helen Hunt Jacksons book entitle A century of dishonor (1880) recounted?
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The long record of broken treaties and injustices against American Indians.
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An important factor in the rapid development of industry in the US during the last half of the 19c was?
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The availability if capital for investment purposes.
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The "Gospel of Wealth" , as advanced by Andrew Carnegie, promoted the concept that people with wealth should?
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Use their resources to help society.
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In its approach to union organization, the Knights of Labor officially?
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Welcome both skilled and unskilled workers
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One of the most significant aspects of the Interstate Commerce Act was that it
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Represented the first large-scale attempt by the federal government to regulate business.
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`The first "big business" in America, at least in terms of finance, labor relations, and management, was
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The railroad industry
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Why did the proportion of women working in clerical jobs increase in the late 19c and early 20c?
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Because many women had taken typing and shorthand courses in school, employers did not have to invest much in training them.
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The 1880s movement for the eight-hour working day is usually associated with which of the following labor organizations
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The Knights of Labor
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Which of the following best accounts for the success of Standard Oil
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Its corporate structure--known as horizontal integration-- allowed the company to grow tremendously.
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"Yellow Dog" contracts were contract?
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In which workers promised not to strike or join a union
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In the 19c, railroads formed pools in order to?
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Fix prices and divide business for greater profit.
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The Haymaker bombin of May 4, 1886 was important to the labor movement because it?
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Aroused public opposition against labor, contributed to the decline of the Knights of Labor, and caused an increaser in the membership of the AFL
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By the end of 1800s the use of pools, trusts, and holding companies by big business resulted in?
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A concentration of economic power in the hands of a few.
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Many employers cut wages in the late 19c by?
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Hiring women and children
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In the west, the immigrants bore the brunt of labor hostility in 1870 and 1880s were
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Chinese
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The ideas of social Darwinism allowed men of wealth like Carnegie and Rockefeller to?
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Justify the economic inequality that favored them over the nations poor.
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Sitting Bull
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American indian leader who became the head chief of the entire Sioux nation. He encouraged other Sioux leaders to resist government demands to buy lands on my Black Hill reservation
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Helen Hunt Jackson
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A writer who became an activist to improve the treatment of Native Americans, she gave the stories of what acaully happened to the Indians, in her novel "A Century of Dishonor"
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Dawes Severalty Act *
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Fort Laramie Treaty *
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Ghost Dance
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Spiritual revival in 1890 by Indians that would lead to the massacre at Wounded Knee. A cult that tried to call the spirits of past warriors to inspire the young braves to fight.
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Wounded Knee
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In 1890, after killing Sitting Bull, the 7th Cavalry rounded up Sioux at this place in South Dakota and 300 Natives were murdered and only a baby survived. Ended US Indian wars on the plains
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Cattle Drives *
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John Muir *
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J. Pierpont Morgan *
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Andrew Carnegie *
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Vertical Integration
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It was pioneered by tycoon Andrew Carnegie. It is when you combine into one organization all phases of manufacturing from mining to marketing. This makes supplies more reliable and improved efficiency. It controlled the quality of the product at all stages of production.
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John D. Rockefeller
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established the Standard Oil of Ohio in 1870 and ran it until he retired in the late 1890s. Rockefeller often did this by buying out other companies which created a monopoly. He kept his stock and, as gasoline grew in importance, his wealth soared and he became the world's richest man and is often regarded as the richest person in history. (1839-1937)
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Knights of Labor
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1st effort to create National union. Open to everyone but lawyers and bankers. Vague program, no clear goals, weak leadership and organization. Failed. Were founded in 1869 as a secret society of garnet workers in Philadelphia, but emerged as a national movement by 1878. They believed that fraternity was harnessed to labor reform, and intended to set up factories and shops that would lead to a cooperative commonwealth. However, they ended up devoting themselves to education.
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Standard Oil Trust *
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Sherman Anti-Trust Act *
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Thomas Edison
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Invented the phonograph and by 1900 it was used in over 150,000 homes. His invention made going to the symphony obsolete. He also invented the light bulb. This invention changed the way of life for thousands of Americans.
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Horizontal Integration
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A technique used by John D. Rockefeller. Horizontal integration is an act of joining or consolidating with ones competitors to create a monopoly. Rockefeller was excellent with using this technique to monopolize certain markets. It is responsible for the majority of his wealth.
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American Federation of Labor
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Was a union of skilled laborers formed by Samuel Gompers in 1866. The AFL quickly became one of the most powerful unions in the United States. They achieved success by avoiding larger political questions in favor of "bread and butter issues" such as shorter workdays and higher wages for union members. It merged with its rival, the Confederation of Industrial Organizations in 1955 to form AFL-CIO.
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Trust
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An economic tool devised late in the 1800's. It was pioneered by men such as Andrew Carnegie of the steel industry and John Rockefeller of the oil industry. The purpose of it is to eliminate competition in business. One powerful company will have control of the stocks of many smaller companies in the same line of business, creating a monopoly. The monopoly allows price-fixing and benefits all companies involved. They were outlawed in the early 1900's.
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Pool *
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Cornelius Vanderbilt *
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Interstate Commerce Act *
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