Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Marbury vs Madison
|
Who: William Marbury and James Madison
What: first US Supreme Court decision to declare a federal law unconstitutional. Madison refuses to process Marbury's appointment to Justice of Peace, in response Marbury requests a judicial review. When: February 1803 Where: Washington DC Why: Formed the basis for the exercise of judicial review. Gave the judicial branch equal power with the executive and legislative branches. It defined the boundary between the constitutionally separate Executive and Judicial branches. |
|
|
Louisiana Purchase
|
Who: US and France; under presidency of Thomas Jefferson, signed by Livingston and Monroe for US and Marbois of France
What: Doubled territory; USA paid france $15 million dollars for Louisiana territories which ranged from LA to Montana and Canada When: 1803 Where: Signed in Paris, France Why: Access to port of New Orleans. Jefferson's greatest achievement during his presidency. Sent an expedition led by lewis and clark to explore the new territory. Largest territorial gain in US history. Removed French presence from the region. Protected US trade access to port of New Orleans and free passage on the Mississippi River. |
|
|
Cotton gin
|
Who: Eli Whitney
What: Mechanism that separates cotton seed from the cotton fiber When: 1793 Where: Savannah, GA Why: speeds up cotton processing, revived the South's economy, caused a population shift and greater demand for slave labor. Increased the production of clothing and other cotton goods, resulting in wealth increase. Led to more slave labor, cited as one of the ultimate causes of the American Civil War. Seen as the start of the industrial revolution and led to many inventions of machine tools. |
|
|
McCulloch vs. Maryland
|
Who: James McCulloch; State of Maryland, Supreme Court, and Second Bank of the US
What: A heavy tax was passed on the branch of the bank in Baltimore. McCulloch the cashier refused to pay the tax. Result was 1) congress had full power to use any means not forbidden by the constitution and 2) state cant tax federal property, rebuke of nullification of interposition When: 1819 Where: Maryland, case filed in Baltimore Why: raised the issue of whether or not the bank was constitutional and whether or not the state could tax federal property within its jurisdiction. Found that state action may not impede valid constitutional exercised power of Federal Government. Case was constitutional. |
|
|
Monroe Doctrine
|
Who: created by James Monroe
What: said that when Europe tried to colonize North or South American lands, it was considered aggression which required US intervention When: 1823 Where: read during 7th state of the union address in washington DC Why: the goal was to free latin america of European control and that the new and old worlds were in different spheres of influence; said that the US would not interfere with European colonies and would not get in to European problems |
|
|
Erie Canal
|
Who: Robert Fulton invented steamboats
What: created a navigation route from atlantic ocean to great lakes When: Opened in 1825, proposed in 1807, constructed from 1817-1825 Where: New York, Albany to Buffalo Why: First transportation system between eastern seaboard and western interior of the US; resulted in a population increase, opened western regions for settlement, and low costs of traveling |
|
|
Lowell System
|
Who: Francis Lowell and Paul Moody
What: used domestic labor of people who wanted to make more money than at home and to live a cultured life in the city. When: 1813. Began in early 1800s and lost viability around 1845 Where: New England, most notably Massachusetts Why: all stages of textil production were completed under one roof; became prototype for New England Mills; women became workforce; wages rose and workers lives improved. Required large capital investment and proved profitable but eventually replaced by cheaper foreign labor. Increased coarse cloth, women were 70% of workers in 1830. Lead to a rise in cities and their populations. Resulted in a new morality as new social classes formed as a result. |
|
|
Cult of Domesticity
|
Who: Ministers and female writers
What: Built on separate spheres of ideology: belief that men and women are biologically ordained to live in separate spheres. Men are fit for the competitive business world and women to be mothers, nurses, etc When: 19th century Where: US and Great Britain Why: in 1890, 4.5% of married women were employed versus 40.5% of single women. The ideology resulted in the decline of women power and the legal implications of the ideology included passage of labor laws limiting hours of women and prohibiting night work which limited employment opportunities |
|
|
Missouri Compormise
|
Who: James Talmage introduced the Talmage amendment; Henry Clay finalized the compromise
What: to balance slave states and free states, north of Massachusetts was a free state. Bill passed prohibiting slavery in all Louisiana territories except Missouri and made children of slaves free at age 25 but was refused by senate. Resulted in no restrictions of slavery in Missouri, admitted Maine as free state and divided Louisiana Purchase at 36 30' |
|
|
Universal White Male Suffrage
|
Who: White males
What: Inflation eroded salaries, and clerks were making more than representatives. When the representatives raised their salaries by $15,000 a year, 70% people were outturned from office. States set suffrage standards and eliminated property requirements to vote or for office holding. New states were more democratic, reapportioned representation in state legislatures, more elected officials and written ballots. When: 1816-1821 Where: United States Why: led to a more egalitarian way. New suffrage standards were set, states became more democratic, and written ballots were introduced. All white men could not vote and run for office, resulting in the possibility of a government of different classes. However this made race and gender means for voting qualification which reduced suffrage for women and blacks. |
|
|
SC Exposition and Protest
|
Who: John Calhoun
What: SC blamed tariffs for economic woes. Southerners were afraid that if the government can pass tariffs, they can emancipate the slaves. When: 1828 Where: South Carolina Why: Calhoun provided power to encourage people to keep the power of government in check. Resulted in the Tariff of 1832 that was eventually replaced by Calhoun's Compromise Tariff of 1833 which gradually reduced tariffs and allowed raw material import free of duty. The Force Act showed the federal government had the power to enforce tariffs. The immediate crisis was averted, but the big crisis to nullify legislation remains. |
|
|
Sojourner Truth
|
Who: Isabella Baunfree
What: self given name, Methodist who preached abolition of slavery, famous speech "Ain't I A Woman" When: 1843-1883 Where: Lived in Massacusetts and Michigan, traveled the USA giving speeches, protesting, and meeting with leaders Why: Inspired other abolitionists and was instrumental in recruiting blacks into the army. Helped in Lincolns desegregation. Influenced others on issues of abortion, women's rights, prison reform, and was against capital punishment in Michigan. |
|
|
Declaration of Sentiments
|
Who: Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott
What: document signed by 68 women and 32 men. Based on the US Declaration of Independence. It was the only grand movement for attaining civil, social, political, and religious rights of women. When: 1848 Where: Seneca Falls, New York Why: felt on half of the people of the country were disenfranchised and wanted equal gender rights. Shocked public and lost support, although today women are seen as having achieved many of the rights she sought. |
|
|
Nat Turner's Rebellion
|
Who: lead by Nat Turner, over 70 enslaved and free blacks
What: black rebellion that took the lives of 60 whites and 130 blacks When: 1831 Where: Southampton, Virginia Why: Turner was a life slave in an area with more blacks with more blacks than whites. It resulted in the Virginia legislature debates of 1831 and 1832 which prohibited the education of blacks and restricted their rights of assembly and other civil-rights. Basically hardened slavery's hold on the south. Highest number of fatalities caused by slaves. |
|
|
Antebellum Proslavery Ideology
|
Who: John C Calhoun
What: Said slaves in the south were better off, their condition would be worse when slavery ended..from necessary evil to positive good When: Late 1830s to Early 1860s Where: USA Why: believed in black inferiority and saw slavery as a civilizing effort, great civilizations in the past had slavery. Unified whites across classes. Emphasized sanctity of private property and attacked wage labor. Made the white race as a whole feel superior and this is what united them. |
|
|
Planters
|
Who: 12% of the slave owner population
WhatL had 20 or more slaves; owned large amounts of property; powerful in society; economically well off. Plantation owners of cotton and tobacco. Southern elites. When: 1800s Where: southern US Why: political and social power, large gap between rich and poor. Threatened to cut off flow of cotton to other places if war broke out. |
|
|
American Anti-Slavery Society
|
Who: founded by William Lloyd Garrison
What: A society focused on the idea that slavery should be abolished due to moral reasons When: 1833-1870 Where: headquartered in NYC Why: had wealthy benefactors to support him and was able to spread the word around with the help of Theodore Dwight Weld, a dynamic preacher who taught a group of young preachers who went and spread the word of abolishing slavery |
|
|
Second Great Awakening
|
Who: Baptists and Methodists, Charles Finney
What: universalists, spread messages through camp meetings, democratic message--baptists and methodists--appealed to the middle classes When: 1800-1840 Where: Began in the northeast but spread to frontier regions and old north west KY, TN, OH, NY (Rochester) Why: led to other social reform movement; church membership doubled from 1800 to 1820. The universalists said it was possible for all people to be saved because they can act on their free will. Charles Finney held a 6 month revival in Rochester, NY from 1831-1832. He said that conversion was the beginning, rather than the traditional belief that conversion was the end. He believed that humans had control over their moral destiny. |
|
|
American Christian Temperance Society
|
Who: Lyman Beecher, gave sermons on prohibition
What: an organization that supported the prohibition of alcohol Where: USA When: founded 1826 Why: had more than 5,000 chapters by mid 1830s temperance movement had the greatest impact- reform of morals. Odds stacked against: average person 7.1 gallons of hard liquor per year, taverns outnumbered churches. Used sensationalist and the penny press for temperance literature. The group was able to reach more people through new technologies, alcohol intake decreased dramatically and more churches were built, great reform of morals for men. Penny press meant that everyone, not just wealthy, could read it. |
|
|
Cherokee Nation vs. GA
|
Who: John Marshall
What: A supreme court case filed by the Cherokee nation. The Cherokee nation was seeking a federal injunction against laws that were passed by the state of Georgia. These laws were very hateful; they deprived the Cherokee Nation vs GA case was filed, the United States Supreme Court did not evaluate the matter on its own merits. The United States Supreme Court ruled that the Cherokee Nation did not maintain original jurisdiction in the legal matter. The United State Supreme Court ruled that the Cherokee Nation was a dependent nation with the United States. When: 1831 Where: Georgia |
