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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How did the first occupants arrive to the Americas?
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Asian Migration Theory (nomads from Asia crosses the Bering Strait/ice bridge that connected Russia and Canada).
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What are some groups belonging to each linguistic families?
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Innu, Cree - Algonquian
Mohawks, Huron - Iroquois |
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Describe the nomadic Algonquians.
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- Hunters and gatherers.
- Lived in wigwams. - Travelled a lot to follow the animals they hunted. - Patriarchal community. - Lived in small groups. |
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Describe the sedentary Iroquois.
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- Agriculture was their main food source but they also hunted and gathered.
- Lived in longhouses. - Stayed put in one place as long as the land was fertile and good for agriculture. - Matriarchal - Lived with many people. - Pallisades to protect from ennemies. |
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What is the approximate number of inhabitants of New France (St. Lawrence Valley) around 1663?
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Roughly 3 000 inhabitants.
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In 1663, what was the population made of?
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Mainly male and of French origin, and Native population.
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What is the approximate number of inhabitants of New France (St. Lawrence Valley) around 1760?
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A mixed population consisting about 65 000 Canadiens and French subjects, consisting of also Amerindians and Blacks, some being slaves.
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After the Royal Government in 1663, what were some mesures taken by state to settle the colony?
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Sending Filles du Roy (orphans/homeless girls) to New France to marry the single men, granting land to the engagés (people who worked for a specific person for 3 years. after their three years, they could return to France being a master in their domain or they could stay here and was given land), encouraged marriage and large families with money and/or taxes.
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What was the main factor in the growth of the population of New France between 1670's and 1760?
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Natural growth.
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How did European presence affected the Amerindian population?
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- Mixed births
- Spread of diseases - Envagelization |
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How did European presence affected the Amerindian's territory?
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- Construction of forts
- Establishments of missions **reduced their land** |
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What is the mode of territorial organization in New France?
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Seigneural system
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How did the seigneural system work?
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- Range roads (des rangs)
- Rectangular plots. - Often near waterways - Manor house - Mill - Censives |
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After the Royal Proclamation, what is the approximate number of inhabitants in Quebec?
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About 65 000.
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What was the population of Quebec's consistence after 1763?
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- Canadiens
- few British subjects - Amerindians and Blacks, some of them being slaves. |
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After the Act of Union of 1840, what was the approximate number of inhabitants in the Province of Canada?
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About 665 000 people.
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What were some reasons for immigration to Canada after the conquest?
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- Fur trade
- Difficult conditions in Great Britain - Ireland famine. |
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What conditions promoted immigration to Canada after the conquest?
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- Free land grants.
- Management of land was done by British. |
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After the conquest, where did the immigrants settled?
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- St. Lawrence Valley
- Eastern Townships - Upper Canada |
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Why did the British Loyalist from the 13 colonies immigrate to Canada?
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- Loyalty to British Crown
- Fear of reprisal |
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Where did the British Loyalists settle?
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- New Brunswick
- Upper Canada |
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At the beginning of the 1830 why did the French Canadiens emigrated to the United States?
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- Agricultural crisis
- Scarcity of agricultural land - Jobs in American factories. |
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Where did the French Canadians settled in 1830?
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- Massachusetts
- Maine - Mauricie - Saguenay - Larentians |
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What were the effect of transatlantic crossing conditions of British immigrants?
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- Spread of diseases
- Mandatory quarantine system at Grosse-île. |
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What changed in the composition of Montreal around 1845?
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Anglophone became majority.
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In 1851, was the population of Canada East bigger of smaller than that of Canada West?
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Smaller.
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What are some effects of British and Loyalist immigration in the colony?
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- Construction of Protestant churches.
- Construction of English schools. - Township development. - Division of Canada into Lower and Upper Canada. |
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What is the approximate Amerindian population around 1800?
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Roughly 5 000.
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How did the immigration of British subjects and Loyalists affect the Amerindians?
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Reduction of land for fishing and hunting.
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Indicate the approximate number of inhabitants in Quebec during
a) 1901 b) 1961 c) 2006 |
a) 1.7 million
b) 5 million c) 7.5 million |
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Indicate the composition of the population of Quebec from the 1900's to the 2000's.
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A majority of French Canadians, a minority of English Canadians and a minority of Allophones.
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During the 20th century, what were the reasons of population growth in Quebec?
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- Natural Growth
- Immigration |
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When did the baby boom take place?
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After the second world war.
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What are factors that contributed to migration flows in the 20th century?
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- Improvement of socio-economic conditions
- Family reunification |
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What are some measures implemented by the Canadian government regarding immigration?
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- Free land in Western Canada
- Chinese immigration act |
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What are some measure implemented by the Quebec government regarding immigration?
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Selection criteria
- knowledge of French Creation of reception services. |
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Name the main cetegories of immigrants recognized by Canada's 1976 Immigration Act.
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- Family class immigrants
- Those who received financial support from relatives. - Refugees |
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What are some effects that immigration of Quebec had on the society at the end of the 20th century?
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- Ethnic art
- Various religions - Diverse cultures |
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How did immigration in Quebec during the end of the 20th century affect the terriroty?
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- Ehtnic neighbourhoods
- Opening of buisinesses managed by members of cultural communities. |
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From 1901 to 2006, what happened to the urban/rural population.
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Rural population decreased and ubran population increased.
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From 1851 to 1901, what factors increased Québec's urban population?
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- Job openings in factories
- Establishments of immigrants |
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What are measures taken by the Quebec government to improve the living conditions in urban areas in the early 20th century?
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- Information about hygiene and public health was given out.
- Vaccination campaigns - Construction of water supply - Construction of sewage system |
