History & Physical Examination

Front 1

What is the most common veterinary procedure?

Back 1

The physical examination

Front 2

What does the primary or presenting problem also referred as?

Back 2

The client complaint

Front 3

What all is included in the medical history, and what question might the vet. tech ask?

Back 3

- Record signs and symptoms the animal presents.
- Questions to ask are:
1)When did the animal being to show that something was wrong?
2) How quickly did the symptoms progress?
3) What improvements, if any has occurred? Has the animal gotten worse?
4) What about any changes in the animal's routine around the onset of signs?
5) Has the animal's diet, living sit., or exertion level changed?
- Also ask the client for any previous medical problems.
1) What were they?
2) How were they treated?
3) How did the animal respond to the treatment?
4) Dates of vaccs., and diagnostic tests?
5) Has any other vet. seen the animal?

Front 4

What all is included in the environmental history, and what questions might be asked?

Back 4

- Is the animal's most recent living sit.
- Questions asked are:
1) What does the animal eat?
2) How do you feed the animal? 1x or 2x?
3) How big is each meal?
4) What nutritional products does the animal eat?
5) Is the animal on flea prevention? If so what kind?
6) Is the animal on parasite preventative? If so what kind?
7) What if any recent changes have occurred in animal's diet?
8) Is the animal indoor or outdoor pet?
- This also incorporates the travel history of the pet.
- This also includes expected performances.

Front 5

What is all included in the body systems history & body system review. What question might be asked?

Back 5

- Discusses each body system, and make note.
- Be consistent with each animal so no system is forgotten and skipped.
1. Integumentary system
2. Review of head & neck
3. Review of the respiratory system
4. Review of the cardiovascular system
5. Review of gastrointestinal system
6. Review of the urinary system
7. Review of reproductive system
8. Review of the muscluloskeletal system
9. review of central nervous system
- Ask for any other additional problems while reviewing the body systems.

Front 6

Is the animal presents with a sore leg what body system might you ask about?(Part of the body systems history & body system review)

Back 6

The musculoskeletal system

Front 7

What is the integumentary system? What problems may occur? And what questions might you ask is client presents pet with this problem?(Part of the body systems history & body system review)

Back 7

- Includes the skin and hair.
- Itchy skin
- Question asked are:
1) Where does the animal scratch?
2) How long has the animal been scratching?
3) Does the scratching appear seasonal?
4) Is the animal experiencing hair loss?
5) When did it occur?
6) Has the animal environment changed recently?(new carpet, new laundry detergent, different floor cleaner)
7) Any lumps or bumps on the skin?
8) Any previous growths removed?
9) How were previous skin problems cured? and how did the animal respond?
10) DO any other animals in the household present this?

Front 8

What is included in the review of the head and neck? And questions that might be asked?(Part of the body systems history & body system review)

Back 8

- Discussing the eyes, ears, nose, and mouth.
- Questions that might be asked are:
1) Has the animal been shaking its head?
2) Does the animal tilt its head?
3) Are its eyes clear?
4) Do the eyes tear excessively?
5) Does the animal squint or scratch at its eyes?
6) Does the animal seem to see normally?
7) Any history of eye damage? or disease?
8) Does its ears smell?
9) Any nasal discharge or history of nosebleeds?
10) Any coughing, gagging, or difficulty breathing?
11) Are their teeth clean?
12) Have any teeth been extracted?

Front 9

What is included in the review of the respiratory system? And any questions that might be asked? (Part of the body systems history & body system review)

Back 9

- Chief complaint of the resp. system is a cough, and can signal heart disease, especially if the coughs occurs primarily at night.
- Questions asked are:
1) When does the animal cough most?
2) Does it cough after exercise?
3) Does the cough clear the resp. system?
4) Has the animal traveled, or been exposed to other animals, or boarded?
5) Does the animal sneeze or have a runny nose?
- Sneezing and a runny nose are important symptoms of resp. system. Other symptoms include, sluggish, dark blue or purple gums.
- Other causes include exposure to toxins, fungus, bacteria, viruses, and environmental irritants.

Front 10

What is included in the cardiovascular system? What questions might be asked?(Part of the body systems history & body system review)

Back 10

- The cardiovascular system circulates the blood. The resp. system and cardiovas. system tend to overlap.
- Questions to ask are:
1) Has there been any change in the animals ability to perform everyday tasks, like climbing stairs?
2) Has the animal ever fainted?
3) Is it breathing labored?
4) Has this animal been diagnosed w/ heart disease? If so how was it treated?
5) Has the animal been tested for heart worms?
6) Has any DVM detected a heart murmur?
7) Has the animal ever had a chest x-ray?
- Cardiovascular(heart) disease can cause coughing effecting the blood pressure to the hearts lungs, causing fluid to leak from blood vessels into the lungs. Signs include: fainting, labored breathing, and fluid accumulation in the abdomen.

Front 11

What is included in reviewing the gastrointestinal system? And what questions might be asked? (Part of the body systems history & body system review)

Back 11

- 2 Major symptoms are: vomiting and diarrhea.( constipation is a sign of GI disease)
- If the animal is vomiting, questions to ask are:
1) How often?
2) How much volume?
3) When does vomiting occur relative to meals?
4) What is the consistency and the color of the vomit?
5) Does is contain undigested or partially digested food?
- If it's diarrhea questions to ask are:
1) What's its consistency and color?
2) What's the volume of stool passed?
3) Is there blood or mucus in the diarrhea?
4) How often?
- Ask for dietary history.(What does the animal eat? how much food? how frequent? over eaten a particular food? exposure to toxins? exposure to garbage? table scraps? intestinal parasites?)

Front 12

What is included in the review of the urinary system? And what questions might be asked?(Part of the body systems history & body system review)

Back 12

- The include questions about both drinking and urinating habits.
1) What does the urine look like?
2) How does it smell?
3) How frequently does the animal pee?
4) Is there any pus or blood in the urine?
5) Does the animal seems to be able to urinate when it wants to or is there just dribbling of urine?
6) Can the animal hold it's urine when your gone?( at night or at work)
7) Does the animal strain to pee? or seem to pass small amounts of urine very frequently?
8) Animals drinking habits? Has it increased/decreased or stayed the same?
- Ask the owner if the animal has ever suffered from urinary tract trauma or infection, and was it treated?
- Ask the owner if the animal ever had bladder or kidney stones? and if were removed and analyzed?

Front 13

What is included in the review of reproductive system? And what question might be included? (Part of the body systems history & body system review)

Back 13

- The 1st question to be asked is:
1) Has the animal been spayed or neutered? If so the review will be simple.
- If animal has not, then questions to ask include:
1) Has the animal been bred?
2) Did it produce live, healthy offspring?
3) For female: Was the delivery of the young difficult? What about false pregnancies? Has the animal ever had breast tumors? Has the animal been tested for sexually transmitted diseases(brucellosis)
- For the male: Has it semen ever been evaluated? Has is ever had discharge from the penis? or problems with the scrotum?

Front 14

What is included in the review of the musculoskeletal system? And what questions might be included?(Part of the body systems history & body system review)

Back 14

- Questions to ask include:
1) Whats the animals expected performance or use?(working or racing animal?)
2) Any history of trauma? and how the animal was treated? and did the signs disappear?
3) Was the onset immediate or gradual?
4) Is it constant or does the signs come and go?
5) Does the animal favor any leg?
6) Is there history of broken bones, torn tendons or ligaments, or dislocations? Was it treated, if so outcome of therapy?
- Certain breeds are also prone to orthopedic problems.

Front 15

What is included in the review of the central nervous system? And what questions might be asked? (Part of the body systems history & body system review)

Back 15

- The central nervous system carries nerve impluses tto and from the brain.
- Signs and symptoms include: seizure.( A short circuit in the brain that makes the animal lose control over its body)
- It's extremely important to get history of the CNS.
- Question included:
1) How often do the siezures occur?
2) How long do the siezure last?
3) How violent are the muscle contractions?
4) Does the animal lose control of bladder or bowel function?
5) How does the animal act between seizure.
6) Do seizures link to any particular activity?
7) Has the animal been exposed to poisons?
8) Has the animal been vaccinated against diseases(like rabies, or distemper)
9) Does the animal have any problem eating, drinking, swallowing, walking, balancing, or running?
10) Does the animal exhibit any unusual posturing, like arching is back?
- It's important to ask about any changes in it's senses.( hear, see, or smell)
- Another CNS disorder is intervertebral disk disease(deteriorated cushions between the vertebrea, or bones of the spine.

Front 16

Without a ___ ___ on a animal , you can't arrive at a diagnosis.

Back 16

Physical examination

Front 17

What helps the veterinarian evaluate the patient's physical status, develop diagnosis, and offer a prognosis?

Back 17

A medical history

Front 18

If a dog presented with a cough, you would check the dog's __ system, and it's ___ system

Back 18

Respiratory; cardiovascular

Front 19

What are the components of the signalment?

Back 19

Breed, gender, age, and reproductive status.

Front 20

If the owner tells you the dog is scratching a lot, you need to check the dog's ____.

Back 20

Itegumentary system.

Front 21

If you want to learn what a pet eats, its exposure to water, and its travel situation, you'll take a(n) ____ history.

Back 21

Environmental history.

Front 22

What is the best way to approach a dog?

Back 22

Crouch down to its level, and extend the back of your hand for the dog to sniff.

Front 23

When taking the pulse, you determine that its heart beats 37 times in 15 seconds. What is the heart rate?

Back 23

148 bpm

Front 24

To restrain cattle one at a time for examination of the head, you would use a ____?

Back 24

Squeeze chute

Front 25

The subject information entered into the animal's medical chart using the SOAP format could include which of the following information?
a) loose stool
b) pulse rate
c) age
d) weight

Back 25

a) loose stool

Front 26

During the auscultation part of the exam what are the four parameters do you need to pay attention to?

Back 26

hearts sounds, heart rhythm, heart rate, and pulse deficits.

Front 27

Present a non leading question and explain why it's beneficial.

Back 27

"when does sophie's lameness seem to get better?"
It's beneficial to ask non leading questions because it forces the client to answer the question with more details, providing the patient with efficient and direct care.

Front 28

Which of the following animals can be stretched for restraint in the same manner as a cat?
a) piglet
b) dog
c) goat
d) ferret

Back 28

d) ferret

Front 29

An avian comes into for a physical examination. You observe the bird standing on the floor of his cage. The bird is exhibiting signs of?

Back 29

stress

Front 30

To note any additional problems an animal may have, you should conduct a(n) ____ when interviewing the client.

Back 30

a body systems review.

Front 31

What is the best way to catch a piglet?

Back 31

Grasp the piglet's rear leg

Front 32

what is the hardest thing about performing the abdominal palpation on a small animal?

Back 32

Using enough force to feel the organs but not tense the animal.

Front 33

You're speaking with the owner of a small, brown poodle, and ask the question "where does cocoa scratch?" This questions is part of Cocoa's?
a) integumentary systems review
b) head and neck review
c) GI systems review
d) medical history

Back 33

a) integumentary systems review

Front 34

When restrainging a dog for jugular venipuncture, the dog's head should be lifted so the lines of his head and nick slightly exceed a ____ degree angle.

Back 34

90 degree angle

Front 35

When restraingin a horse for a routine veterinary procedure, it's appropriate for the veterinary technician to?
a) apply a twitch to the horse's ear.
b) tie its tail to the side of its stall.
c) hold the horse's lead rope.
d) reassure the horse by lightly stroking its neck.

Back 35

c) holds the horses lead rope.

Front 36

You gently pinch a good handful of skin and time how long it takes for the skin to return to its normal stat. This procedure measures ____ pressure.

Back 36

tugor

Front 37

What is the best way to restrain a rabbit?

Back 37

Hold the scruff while supporting the hind quarters.

Front 38

the ___ tends to kick to the side, so the rear legs are often restrained during physical examination.

Back 38

cow

Front 39

The procedure section of the SOAP format describes which of the following considerations?
a) an animal's diagnosis
b) follow up care for an animal
c) lab results
d) an explanation of the animal's medical problem

Back 39

b) follow up care for an animal

Front 40

What is a common indicator of a problem in an animal's central nervous system?

Back 40

seizures

Front 41

The owner of a bulldog brings his pet to the vet. for a routine physical examination. You ask question "How often do you travel with rocky?" this question is part of rocky's?
a) integumentary systems review
b) environmental history
c) signalment
d) body systems review

Back 41

b) environmental history

Front 42

Calculate respiratory rate. The dog takes 11 breaths in 30 seconds. How many respirations per minute?

Back 42

22 rpms

Front 43

a system history about the GI system includes questions about
a) urinating habits
b) coughing
c) lack of balance
d) overeating

Back 43

d) overeating