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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cromwell's foreign policy: France |
-Lenient settlement with Spain to turn France into enemy- yet still made ally later on -Important event was intervention on Vaudious Massacre by Duke of Savoy -Continuation of 'activist' foreign policy by protecting Protestant (Hugenot) interests |
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Baltic Policy |
-Secured peace with Sweden (through Commercial Treaty) and Denmark (Treat of Roskilde) also securing trade routes -Much more successful in this than Rump |
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Spain |
-Widely seen as a failure amidst Spanish forces- yet relative successes in capture of Jamaica (not San Domingo) and lenient settlement with included trade -Western Design though to be 'God's plan' against Catholicism |
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Anglo Dutch relations |
-In 1654 he secured the Treaty of Westminster which made peace with the Dutch, therefore not only securing a Protestant ally but a important trading partner |
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Foreign Policy success |
-Harris; Charles' foreign policy was 'inglorious' compared to Cromwell's -Clarendon; 'his glory at home nothing compared to his glory abroad' -Capp; navy established under Rump expanded upon -Farr; 'continuation' and 'development' of trade |
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Opposition to Charles II 1660-1667 |
-NMA: Those who did oppose the monarchy were divided, they could not unite in opposition to the restoration of monarchy -Hutton argues that by the late 1650s the army was strong enough to carry out another revolution, however Monck's input reduced the possibility |
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1658-1660 |
-Protectorate of Richard Cromwell Sept 1658-May 1659: -Oliver Cromwell had been only man able to hold together different groups, Retired as army took over -Rule by restored Rump May-Oct 1659:Army wanted Godly reform, Rump didn't. Create Committee of Safety instead. Army leaders dissolve Rump -Rule by Committee of Safety Oct-Dec 1659:Led by army leaders in London. Dissolved itself after a few weeks. Navy + Irish army declare for Rump -Rule by Rump (again) Dec 1659-March 1660:Monck re-established Long Parliament.Readmitted those excluded in Pride's Purge. Long Parliament dissolved itself in favour of fresh elections |
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Why Did Cromwell become LP: |
-Failure of the Rump Parliament:"too busy" - had so much to do - couldn't do it all therefore Crom disappointed w/ lack of Godly reform. Discontent amongst army towards 'self interested, corrupt, conservative parl' - dissolved -Failure of the Nominated Assembly: Dissolved due to: fear of religious radicalism, divisions and anxiety about religious intolerance. Had the power, gave it away again. Not a plot - he's a parliamentarian. dissolved themselves, hands power back to Crom. Also, lack of Godly reform - Crom disappointed. |
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1 |
-IOG:No-one else, didn't want the Stuarts back.Crom a good leader, can take control. Leader in the army, part of the gentry therefore represents both = perfect!. Lambert. made Crom LP. Only one left for the job. -Influence of army and King's death: Pride's Purge 1648 ended chance of settlement. Rump Parliament - trial and execution of the King. Power vacuum - no-one could agree on what to do. Cromwell persuaded the regicides to sign the death warrant - plot? |
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Parliament of saints: |
-Cromwell wanted a body of holy men so he could get his 'godly reformation' -The rump was filled with drunkards and whore masters -Looked at proposals ahead of its time (debt laws, humane treatment of the insane, civil registrations, tough sentences for thieves and highway-men) -Alienated the moderate inc cromwell |
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Opposition to Cromwell |
•Republicans–Saw LP as illegal –Supported Rump •Haselrig & supporters trued to force a vote to bring downthe Protectorate. •Vote due to be held in Feb 1658 – perhaps a fundamentalreason in why Crom dissolved the 2ndPP •“Let God judge /b/ you and me”–Protectorate Parls highlighted challenges to Crom’s authority. |
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Army |
•ArmyØ 3 Colonel’s petition Ø Denounced the protectorate. Link to religious sects |
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Royalists |
–Weak – Charles Stuart abroad. –Localised & uncoordinated. –Didn’t want to risk further measures e.g. Decimation tax |
