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108 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Lorenzo de Medici |
Florentine ruler Known for patronage and liberal mind |
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Styles and Techniques of Renaissance Art |
Perspective, new ways of using color, Greek and Roman myth subject matters |
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Leonardo da Vinci |
Italian painter, sculptor, architect, musician, engineer, and scientist Painted the Mona Lisa |
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Michelangelo |
Painted the ceilings of the Sistine Chapel Sculpted the Pieta and the David |
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Raphael |
Painted the Frescos |
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Battle of Hastings |
Fought between the Norman-French army and an English Army on October 14, 1066 Norman French Army won |
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William the Conqueror |
King of England 1060-1087 French noble who conquered England |
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Henry II |
King of England 1154-1189 |
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Common Law |
Legal system that gives great precedential |
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King John |
King of England 1199-1216 |
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Magna Carta |
Granted nobles certain rights restricted King's power |
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Edward I |
King of England 1272-1307 |
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Parliament |
Legislative government |
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Joan of Arc |
Considered a herione of France and Roman Catholic Saint |
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Hundred Years War |
Fought between France and England for the control of the French throne |
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Ranaissance |
"rebirth" following middle ages Revival of interest in the classical learning of Greece and Rome |
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Humanism |
Intellectual movement during the Renaissance Study of worldly subjects such as poetry and philosophy |
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Dante Alighieri |
Florentine Poet His work contains glimpses of what would become the humanist focus on human nature |
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Francesco Petrarch |
Wrote literature in the vernacular "started" the renaissance |
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Vernacular |
everyday language of the people |
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Secular |
Having to do with worldy, as opposed to religious, matters |
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Baldassare Castaglione |
Italian diplomat and writer He wrote one of the most important books in the Renaissance, The Courtier |
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Niccolo Machiavelli |
Italian political philosopher and statesman Advised rules to seperate morals from politics Wrote The Prince |
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Fresco |
Form of mural painting Earth pigments on fresh, wet, lime, plaster |
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Donato Bramante |
Designed St. Peter's Basilica |
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Charles I |
His conflict with Parliament started the English Civil War King of England from 1600 to 1649 |
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Royalist |
Supported of government by a monarch; supported King Charles I |
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Roundheads |
Supporters of the Parliament during English Civil War |
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Oliver Cromwell |
Lord Protector of England Led Parliament's forces indeposing King Charles I |
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Commonwealth |
A republican government based on the common god of all the people |
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Restoration |
The period of the reign of Charles II in England when the monarchy was restored after the collapse of Oliver Cromwell's government |
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Charles II |
King of England from 1660 to 1685 and eldest son of Charles I Asked by Parliament to rule England after the death of Oliver Cromwell |
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Habeas Corpus Act of 1679 |
Guaranteed that someone accused of a crime gets the right to appear in court |
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Johannes Gutenberg |
invented the movable type First printed publication was a 1,282 page Bible |
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Desiserius Erasmus |
Dutch priest and humanist Wrote on the need for a pure and simple Christian life |
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Sir Thomas More |
English lawyer, author, statesman, and Renaissance humanist, and opposed Protestant Reformation |
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William Shakespeare |
English dramatist and poet Considered on of the greatest dramatist of all time |
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Protestant Reformation |
16th century religious, political, intellectual and cultural upheaval that splintered Catholic Europe |
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Indulgences |
a remmision before God of the temporal punishment due to sins whose guilt has already been forgiven |
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Johann Tetzel |
Roman Catholic German Dominican friar and preacher Salesman of Indulgences |
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Martin Luther |
German monk who wrote the 95 Theses Led the Reformation |
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95 Theses |
written by Martin Luther List that critized the power of the pope and the church |
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Edict of Worms |
A decree issue by the Holy Roman Emperor church banning the writing of Martin Luther |
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Theocracy |
A government ruled by the Holy Roman Empire |
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John Calvin |
French Protestant who founded Calvinism Associated with the doctrine of predestination |
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Predestination |
The belief that at the beginning of time God decided who whould gain slavation |
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John Knox |
Spokesman for the reformation in Scotland His reformed church replacd the Roman Catholic church |
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Anabaptist |
Insisted on rebaptizing adults, which was a crime |
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Henry VIII |
King of England from 1509 to 1547 Established the church of England in 1532 |
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Annulled |
To declare invalid An official argument |
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Act of Supremacy |
required subject to take an oath declaring Henry VIII to be "supreme head of the Church of England" |
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Bloody Mary |
Queen of England from 1516 to 1558 Executed many Protestants, deemed Bloody Mary |
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Elizabeth I |
Queen of England after Bloody Mary (1558-1603) Reasserted Protestant supremacy in England |
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Counter Reformation |
The Catholic church series of reforms in response to the spread of Protestantism in the mid 1500s to the early 1600s |
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Ignatius of Loyola |
Founder of the Jesuits Proved an effective force for reviving Catholicism |
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Jesuits |
Members of a catholic religious order, the society of Jesus Founded by Ignatius of Loyola |
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Council of Trent |
A meeting of church leaders in the 1500s whose purpose was to clearly define Catholic doctrines for the Catholic Reformation |
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Charles I |
Monarch of the 3 kingdoms of England Did not believe in the parliament, believed in absolute monarchy His conflict with the Parliament started the English Civil War King of England 1600-1649 |
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Absolute Monarchy |
a ruler that has unlimited power and authority over his or her people |
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Divine Right |
The belief that a ruler's authority comes directly from God |
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Peace of Augsburg |
(1555) an agreement between slates in the Holy Roman Empire. Gave each German prince the night to decide if his state would be Catholic or Protestant |
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Philip II |
King of Spain (1556-1598) Led Roman Catholic efforts to recover parts of Europe from Protestantism |
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Sir Francis Drake |
English Sea captain carried out the 2nd circumnavigation of the world in one expidition |
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Spanish Armada |
A great fleat of 130 ships and 20,000 men assembled by Spain in 1588 for an invasion of England |
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Defeat of the Spanish Armada |
Went Bakrupt |
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Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre |
3,000 Protestants killed Catholic Queen |
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Huguenot |
French Protestant |
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Henry IV |
King of France (1589-1610) Issued Edict of Nantes: Permitted protestant worship |
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Edict of Nantes |
Grated the Calvinist Protestant of France substantial rights |
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Louis XIV |
King of France (1643-1715) Known as the Sun King. Drained France's wealth by a series of wars and building the palace of Versailles |
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Cardinal Richelieu |
French and chief minister of King Louis XIII, wanted to strengthen Monarchy |
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Louis XIII |
King of France (1610-1643) A relatively weak ruler, let cardinal richelieu have great sway during his reign |
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Versailles |
Few miles outside of Paris Louis XIV built a huge palace there |
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Mercantilism |
An economic system used from about the 1500s to the 1700s that held that a nation's power was directly related to it's wealth |
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Jean-Baptiste Colbert |
French politician Served as a minister of Finances for France from 1665-1683 |
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Puritans |
English protestants of the late 1500s and most of the 1600s who wanted to "purify" the Church of England through reforms |
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Royalist |
Supporters of government by a monarch; supported King Charles I |
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Roundhead |
Supporters of the Parliament during the Civil War |
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Oliver Cromwell |
Lord Protector of England Led the Parliament's forces in deposing King Charles I |
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Commonwealth |
A republican government based on the common good of all the people |
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Restoration |
The period of the reign of Charles II in England when the Monarchy was restored after the collapse of Oliver Cromwell's government |
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Charles II |
King of England (1660-1685) and eldest son of Charles I Asked by parliament to rule England after the death of Oliver Cromwell |
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Habeas Corpus Act of 1679 |
Guaranteed that someone accused of a crime gets the right to appear in court |
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James II |
Crowned King of England (1685-1688) after his brother, Charles II, died Not a popular King |
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William and Mary |
Rulers of Great Britain who replaced King James as a result of the Glorious revolution |
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Glorious revolution |
A nonviolent revolution in which leaders of Britian's Parliament invited William and Mary to replace King James II |
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English Bill of Rights |
Prevented the monarch from levying taxes without the consent of Parliament |
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Constitutional Monarchy |
A monarchy limited by certain laws |
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Geocentric |
Scientific theory that has the earth as the center of the universe with the sun and stars revolving around it |
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Scientific Revolution |
Transformation in Europe thought in the 1500s and the 1600s that called from scientific observation experimentation, and the questioning of tradition options |
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Scientific method |
A method of inquiry that promotes observing, measuring, explaining, and verifying as a way to gain scientific knowledge |
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Francis Bacon |
Wrote that the only way to gain scientific knowledge is through experimentation |
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Rene Descartes |
Believed that everything should be doubted until proven by reason |
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Nicolaus Copernicus |
Polish astronomer, proposed the heliocentric, or sun-centered, theory of the Universe |
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Heliocentric |
Scientific theory that has the sun as, the center of the earth rotating around the sun |
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Tycho Brahe |
Discovered Supernovas |
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Johannes Kepler |
Brahe's assistant, best known for his laws on planetary motion |
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Galileo Galilei |
Discovered law of motion of falling objects Invented first working telescope |
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Isaac Newton |
Discovered law of gravity |
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Andreas Vesalius |
Known for his work in anatomy and laying the ground wrok for understanding the human heart |
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Robert Boyle |
Father of modern Chemistry 1st chemist to define and element |
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Enlightenment |
a time of optimism and possibility from the late 1600s to the late 1700s; also called the age of reason |
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Thomas Hobbes |
Thought people were selfish and greedy Believed that people should give up some freedoms for peace and safety |
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John Locke |
English Philosopher and founder of British empiricism Declared that people have a right to rebel against govs. that do not protect their own rights |
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau |
Swiss-French political philosopher Valued the social contract and addressed the nature of man in his work On the Origin of In equality |
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Baron de Montesquieu |
Explored democratic theories of government proposed a governement divided into 3 branches and greatly influenced the US Constitution |
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Voltaire |
Supporter of Deism; the idea the God was no longer involved with the universe after creating it Advocated a tolerant approach to religion |
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Diderot |
Wrote the encyclopedia Helped spread enlightenment |
