History Of Rock And Roll (3.b)

Front 1

Alternative Rock

Back 1

an umbrella term describing music from the 1980s with a wide variety of stylistic approaches and a decidedly DIY (do-it-yourself) independent attitude.

Front 2

Audio Home Recording Act

Back 2

a law passed by Congress in 1992, which among other things, allowed consumers to make personal copies of copyrighted material.

Front 3

B-Boying

Back 3

often called "break dancing", is a style of street dance that originated as a part of hip hop culture among African American and Latino youths in New York City during the early 1970s.

Front 4

CBGB

Back 4

a club located at 315 Bowery in New York's Lower East Side that was the focal point of the city's punk scene.

Front 5

Compact Disc

Back 5

a digital storage media introduced in 1982 by Sony and Philips.

Front 6

Crew/Posse

Back 6

informal neighborhood groups formed as a means of providing identity and support for their members.

Front 7

Digital Sampler

Back 7

a synthesizer that digitally records (samples) sounds that can played back and manipulated from a MIDI instrument.

Front 8

DIY (do-it-yourself)

Back 8

a musical development evident in both the punk and alternative music scenes that actively challenged the separation of contemporary society into listeners and trained music specialists.

Front 9

Disco

Back 9

dance oriented pop that incorporates synthesizers, drum machines and lush orchestrations that emerged in the late 1970s.

Front 10

DRM

Back 10

digital rights management, the term for any one of several technologies designed to limit the number of digital copies can be made of a file.

Front 11

Drum Machine

Back 11

an electronic instrument designed to imitate the sound of drums or other percussion instruments.

Front 12

Dub

Back 12

a technique of mixing interesting sections of different songs together first used by Jamaican DJs.

Front 13

Emo

Back 13

an umbrella term describing a 1990s music style that combined a hardcore punk musical esthetic, poetic, and self-indulgent lyrics, and a go-for-it live performance attitude.

Front 14

Fusion

Back 14

a musical genre that developed from mixing funk and R & B rhythms and the amplification and electronic effects of rock music, complex time signatures derived from non-Western music and extended, typically instrumental, compositions with a jazz approach to lengthy group improvisations.

Front 15

Gangsta Rap

Back 15

a rap style emerging in the 1990s characterized by lyrics using first person accounting of gang related themes that included violence, rage and sexual degradation.

Front 16

Grunge

Back 16

a subgenre of alternative rock that emerged in the late 1980s from the Pacific Northwest, combining heavy metal and post-punk elements; primarily responsible for brining alternative rock into the mainstream.

Front 17

Hardcore

Back 17

a subgenre of punk rock that originated in the United States in the late 1970s and early 1980s, serving as a transition between punk and the more intense form of heavy metal known a thrash metal.

Front 18

Hip-Hop

Back 18

a collection of urban art forms emerging in the South Bronx during the late 1970s including lifestyle, fashions, fast-talking comedy, break dancing, graffiti art, poetry, double-Dutch jump-roping, and music.

Front 19

Industrial

Back 19

a 1980s punk style that incorporated non-truadional sounds from synthesizers, avant-garde electronics and mechanical sources to infuse and the sounds and ethos of modern industrial life.

Front 20

Island Records

Back 20

the record label founded in 1962 by Charles Blackwell that initially became known for its reggae releases.

Front 21

Lip Syncing

Back 21

moving the lips to synchronize with a prerecorded song, giving the impression that the song is being performed live.

Front 22

Live Aid

Back 22

international music festival organized in 1985 to raise funds for Ethiopian refugees.

Front 23

Mento

Back 23

the indigenous folk music of Jamaica.

Front 24

MIDI

Back 24

an acronym for musical instrument digital interface, a digital transfer protocol introduced in 1983.

Front 25

MTV

Back 25

Music Television, a TV network introduced in 1981 with programming that focuses on music.

Front 26

New Wave

Back 26

a second wave of punk that incorporated pop oriented sensibilities.

Front 27

Old School Rap

Back 27

the first generation of rap music, which usually had themes of fun and partying.

Front 28

Philadelphia International Records

Back 28

record label created by Philadelphia-based songwriting duo Kenny Gamble and Leon Huff that introduced the Sound of Philadelphia (TSOP).

Front 29

PMRC

Back 29

Parent's Music Resource Center, a watchdog group organized in 1985 to "educate and inform parents of this alarming new trend...toward lyrics that are sexually explicit."

Front 30

Pogo

Back 30

a violent, body-contact style of dancing associated with punk music.

Front 31

Rastafarianism

Back 31

a religious movement whose followers believe they will be repatriated to their African homeland and escape Babylon (a metaphor for their oppressors in the New World).

Front 32

Reggae

Back 32

the Jamaican music the evolved from the combination of indigenous fold, American R&B and traditional Afro-Caribbean music.

Front 33

Riddim

Back 33

the intertwined patterns played by the bass and drums in reggae.

Front 34

Rock Steady

Back 34

a Jamaican music that is slower and more relaxed than ska and is the immediate predecessor to reggae.

Front 35

Saturday Night Fever

Back 35

a 1977 American film that showcased aspects of the music, the dancing, and the subculture surrounding the disco era: symphony-orchestrated melodies, haute-couture styles of clothing, pre-AIDS sexual promiscuity, and graceful choreography.

Front 36

Scratching

Back 36

a technique used to transform a turntable into a musical instrument, quickly pushing and pulling records on the turntable, resulting in a variety of effects: loops, musical bursts, and backward playback.

Front 37

Ska

Back 37

a Jamaican musical style that combines characteristics of mento and American rhythm and blues, and is based on the use of an accented subdivision after each beat.

Front 38

Slap-bass Technique

Back 38

e technique for playing the electric bass guitar first conceived by Larry Graham.

Front 39

Toasting

Back 39

spontaneous commentary to music by Jamaican DJs that creatively involved rhyming, interesting verbal sounds, the use of different dialects and nonsense syllables.

Front 40

Voice Box

Back 40

an effect pedal used most often on the guitar that allows the sound of an instrument to be shaped by the performer's mouth and vocal cavity, resulting in what sounds like a talking instrument.