Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is Psychopharmacology? What two scientific principles are combined?
|
-Systematic study of the effect of drugs on behavior
-Psychology + Pharmacology |
|
|
What is a psychoactive or psychotrophic drug?
What are some examples? |
-Drugs that affect feelings, thoughts, perceptions, or behavior
-Illegal/illicit or recreational |
|
|
What were early reasons for psychoactive drug use?
|
Medicinal and Religion
|
|
|
What is the Ebers Papyrus?
What does it have to do with psychoactive drugs? |
-First medicinal text that used early psychoactive drugs
|
|
|
What are opoids?
Where do opoids come from? What is the earliest recorded use of opoid? What does hulgil mean? |
sleepy medicine and provide pain relief
-Opium poppy plant -7000 years ago - Joy Plant |
|
|
What is a hallucinogen?
Where do they come from? Who are some of thefirst people known to consume them? What did it to their behavior? |
-Distorts perception
-Comes from mushrooms -Beserkers used them (vikings) -Caused them to feel their in battle |
|
|
What is Peyote?
What hallucinogens are in it? Who uses it in a religious ritual? How is it typically consumed |
Cactus containing "buttons" with mescaline
-Native Americans -Administered orally: held in mouth until soft and then swallowed |
|
|
What is the significance of mushroom stones?
What hallucinogens did the Aztec culture consume? |
Communion with God
-Mushroom Stones containing psilocybin and psilocin |
|
|
Where does cocaine come from?
What is the earliest recorded use of cocaine? |
Cocoa Leaves
-5000 years ago by the Incas to elevate mood and fight fatigue |
|
|
Who used cocaine? What are some examples of cocaine-based drinks? What did these drinks do?
|
Celebrities advertised drink
Coca-Cola Gave energy |
|
|
What is cannabis sativa? What is the earliest recorded use?
HOw can it be used in a nonpsychoactive manner? How did the Scythians use it? |
-Marijuana
-2700 years ago -Clothing: Hemp -Took vapor baths with it |
|
|
A. How long have people been consuming alcohol?
B. What is the earliest recorded use of alcohol? C. WHat were the different ways alcohols was used? D. What kinds of beverages are made from fermentation? |
A. 10,000 years
B. 3700 BC - Egyptian brewery C. Hygiene + Sanitation D. Beers and Wines |
|
|
What is witch's brew? What were the effects of consuming this brew?
|
-hallucinogenal liquid
-Made them feel like they could ride broomsticks |
|
|
Where does caffeine come from? How long have people been using it?
|
Kola Nut
1000 years |
|
|
What is the earliest recored use of nicotine?
|
2200 years - Mayans
|
|
|
What is laudanum?
|
Opium dissolved in Brandy
|
|
|
What is a patent medicine?
|
An all-purpose medicine that can be used to cure everything
|
|
|
What significant technological advances occurred int he 1800s?
|
Friedrich Saturner isolated morphine from opium
Albert Nieman extracted Cocaine from Coca leaves |
|
|
What is the significance of the development of the hypodermic needle?
|
Allowed direct injection into blood stream
|
|
|
Who are Moreau and Charvel?
What was their contribution to pscychopharmacology? |
Fathers of psychopharmacology
-Found relationship between drugs and psychological factors |
|
|
What were Freud and James' contribution?
|
Advocated cocaine and found consciousness could be altered
|
|
|
What important discoveries occurred in the 1900s?
|
Barbiturates and Amphetamines
|
|
|
What are barbiturates and amphetamines?
|
Used for appetite suppression, ADD, narcolepsy, depression
...sleep medicine |
|
|
What is LSD? What was it first used for?
|
Lysergic Acid Diethylmide
Model for Psychosis - "Truth Serum" |
|
|
What characterizes drug use in the early 20th century?
|
Medicinal advance matched with concern about drug dependence
|
|
|
When did psychopharmacological research truly start?
|
1950s with chlorpromazine
|
|
|
What is chlorpromazine? Why is the discovery of chlorpromazine considered to be the most important discovery in psychopharmacology?
|
Used for pre-surgery, it is an anti-psychotic agent that doesn't just calm patients, but also reduces their core symptoms
|
|
|
What were the consequences of the discovery of chlorpromazine?
|
Some things can now start to be considered a mental illness
|
|
|
What are the characteristics of drug use in the late 20th century?
In the new millennium? |
Changes in recreational drug scene
now a battle against designer drugs and alcohol, steroids, inhalants, nicotine, and prescription drugs are starting to get more awareness |
