History Of Microbiology

Front 1

Lucretius

Back 1

Disease causes by invisible living creatures

Front 2

A. leeuwenhoek

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Father of microbiology; Drew and described bacteria and protozoa ; described in royal society of London transactions

Front 3

R. hooke

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Publish first drawing of microorganisms in Micrographia

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Aristotle

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spontaneous generation

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Spontaneous generation

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Can living organisms develop from nonliving material

Front 6

Pro spontaneous generation

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aristole John Van Helmont John needham Georges Leclerc

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J NeedHam

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vital force

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J v helmont

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Mice from wheat

Front 9

against spontaneous generation

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Louis Joblot Francisco Redi lazzaro spallazaniAnton Lavoisier Theodore schwann Matthias Schleiden Schroder, van Dush Rudolf Virchow Pasteur

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L Joblot

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found microbes in hay

described protozoa

Front 11

L.Spallazani

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air may carry germs described bacterial binary fussion

Front 12

A Lavoisier

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air contains oxygen not enough oxygen in closed flask to support microbes

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T Schwann

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discovered yeast where living cells fermentation

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M Schleiden

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Proposed plants consisted of cells discovered mycorrhizae

Front 15

Henrich George Schroder & Theodor Van Dusch

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filtered air with cotton plugs

Front 16

R Virchow

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All cells come from other living cells

Front 17

Pasteur

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final refutation of spontaneous generation also worked with anthrax

Front 18

Sterilization

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Killing of all organisms on/in an object

Critical for development of microbiology

Canning/ preservation of food cotton stoppers used in microbiology

Front 19

R Koch

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found spore like bodies in Bacillus anthracis; developed postulates relating causative agent to disease; developed methods of growing pure cultures of bacteria

Front 20

J Tyndall

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heat resistant life forms present; dust does carry microbes

Front 21

F Cohn

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Named heat- resistant forms of bacteria ( endospores)

Front 22

Galen

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Imbalance between four humors( blood, phlem, yellow bile, black bile) caused disease

Front 23

G fracastoro

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Invisible organisms (germs) caused diseases such as syphilis

Front 24

Agostino Bassi de Lodi

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Silkworm disease caused by fungus ( botrytis )

Front 25

M.J. Berkeley ; Heinrich Anton de Bary

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Potato blight in Ireland Caused by fungus –like oomycete phytophthora infestans Smuts and rusts caused cereal crop diseases

Front 26

L Pasteur

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Discovered that pebrine disease of silkworms due to microsporan Nosema bombysis Revised germ theory of disease

Front 27

Jacob Henle & Robert Koch

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Both studied anthrax Henle established criteria to relate to bacillus anthracis Koch performed empirical studies Koch used postulates in etiology of tuberculosis

Front 28

kochs postulates 1882

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Microorganism present in every case of the disease

microorganism must be grown in pure culture same disease when second host inoculated with pure culture

the microorganism must be isolated from the infected host

Front 29

molecular postulates

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Virulence traits seen with pathogenic strains, not nonpathogenic strains

inactivation of genes associated with virulence decreases pathogenicity

replacement of the mutated gene with wild- type gene restores pathogenicity

gene should be expressed some time during infection & disease process

Antibodies/ immune system cells directed against gene products protect host

Front 30

I semmelweis

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hand washing prevents puerperal fever; used chlorine as antiseptic

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J lister

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Sterilization of instruments with heat; use of phenol as antiseptic

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jenner

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First vaccination (small pox)

Front 33

pasteur

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Rabies

Front 34

Agar

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Polysaccharide from seaweed

Front 35

Fannie Eilshemius Hesse & Walther Hesse

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Used agar to solidify media

Front 36

Richard Petri

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Developed container to hold solidified media

Front 37

S winogradsky

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Described lithotrophy; used model ecosystem

Front 38

M beijerinck

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Use of enrichment cultures; described nitrogen fixation

Front 39

Hans Christian Gram

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Developed differential staining method for bacteria

Front 40

World wars 1 and 11

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Development of antibiotics Further definition of different branches of microbiology Koning McCardyDevelopment of Virology Development of genetics and modern molecular biology

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Koning

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Suggested role of fungi in decomposition

Front 42

McCrady

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Developed fecal coliform test for analyzing water quality

Front 43

R Atlas

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Modern methods of microbial ecology; involved with deepwater horizon oil spill

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R colwell

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Worked with vibrios; marine microecology ; coined “ viable but nonculturable bacteria”

Front 45

L Marguelis

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endosymbiotic hypothesis Parasitic bacteria in eukaryotes gave rise to mitochondria and chloroplasts

Front 46

T Brock

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Discovered archaeons

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N pace

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Sequenced thermophiles

Front 48

C woese

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Described archaeons ; used 165 rRna to characterize species ; developed domains

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R patrick

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fresh water ecologist and phycologist

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T Hazen

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worked with deep water horizon oil spill

Front 51

D. Jay Grimes

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Work with deepwater Horizon oil spill; work vibrios

Front 52

J venter

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First to sequenced bacterial genomes ( haemophilus influenzae)

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C fraser

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Sequenced bacterial genomes with venter

Front 54

K Nelson

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Showed lateral gene transfer from archaeons to bacteria; sequenced thermotoga maritima

Front 55

H smith

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Nobel Laureate for co-discovering of restriction enzyme; first to sequence bacterial genomes ( haemophilus influenza) with venter