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26 Cards in this Set

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- Originally derived from a term used for the group in the French military that would scout unknown territory


- The birth of jazz in the 1920's was considered - part if this movement


-

Avant-Garde


- Free jazz in the late 1950's and 1960's focused on the abandonment of traditional techniques and modes of expression, broke established standards, and expressed socially important concepts.

The shape of jazz to come

Ornette Coleman



Free Jazz

Ornette Coleman's 1961 Album



Other Titles


- New Music, New Thing, Revolutionary Music, Fire Music

Names for This Avant-Garde Jazz

Characteristics for Avant-Garde Jazz




- Rhythm

Absence of Pulse

Characteristics for Avant-Garde Jazz

- Harmony



Absence of predetermines harmonic structure (chord changes/form)

Characteristics for Avant-Garde Jazz

- Rhythm Section

Altered role of the rhythm section, not just keeping time but textures and soundscapes too

Characteristics for Avant-Garde Jazz

- Extended Techniques

Timbre



Characteristics for Avant-Garde Jazz

- Melody

Did not rely on the traditional patterns or notes

Passionate expression and deviation from standard intonation

Characteristics for Avant-Garde Jazz

Changes from Avant Garde


- Emotion and the improvised direction of the music dictated the structure

Structure/form

changes from Avant Garde


- Serious art music with deeply personal motivation often including political sub-context (civil rights, antiwar)

Presentation

Things to Consider about Avant Garde

-colors


- noise/sound


- melody vs anti melody


- dissonance vs consonance


- rhythm/pulse


- mood


- freedom from jazz rules


-experimentation

- 1959 to 1961 recorded for the Atlantic label and produced revolutionary albums such as 'The Shape of Jazz to Come' ,'Free Jazz' and 'Change of the Century'


- Recognized as one of the originators of the style


- 1959 concerts at the Five Spot and significant exposure in NYC

Ornette Coleman


- Improvising based on melody and the development of melody (blues and folk)


- Free Jazz musicians and Ornette were often disregarded as untrained and uneducated. (UNTRUE)

- No chords included pocket trumpet, plastic saxophone, bass and drums


- instrumentation and format of music ironically similar to bebop: Two horns and rhythm section. melody then solos then melody


- Coleman, Don Cherry, Charlie Haden. Billy Higgins

The Quartet

- Virtuosic and classically trained pianist (intellectually)


- Studied starting at age 5 and attended the New England Conservatory of Music


- His abilities in the traditional jazz world were heavily questioned by many

Cecil Taylor


- Emphasized the percussive and drum-like aspect of the piano


- avoided traditional notation and composed and rehearsed using "unit structures"



- 1922 to 1979


- Bass player and composer


- performed with Dizzy Gillespie and Charlie Parker before delving into the Avant- Garde


- Social Activism "Fables of Faubus about Governor Orval Faubus from Arkansas in 1957

Charles Mingus

- 1926 to 1967


- Progressive musician that followed the 'standard' jazz path


- Mentored and apprecnticed with Johnny Hodges, Dizzy Gillespie, Thelonious Monk, and Miles Davis


- Classic Quartet - from jazz to Avant Garde 61-65

John Coltrane


- Championed avant-garde musicians such as Albert Ayler, Eric Dophy and Ornette's Rhythm section


- Free records recorded from 64-67 amounted to his final phase of jazz Styles


- Recored "the Avant Garde in 1960 with Ornette's rhythm section


- sun ship

- Began using many of the musicians from his more traditional, yet modern jazz group of the late 60's. Ex. Herbie Hancock


- The musicians were younger and into all kinds of music that was happening


- bass line from Brazilian bossa nova, rock beat in the drums/electric piano

Miles Davis' Entrance into Fusion

- Simple harmony and forms like pop music


- Sounds from rock )used guitar with effects, multiple keyboard layering, percussion, effected horns


- influences came from Hendrix, Sly and the Family Stone, James Brown


-

Miles Davis- Jazz Innovator


- His recognizable sound floated over the top of this iconic 1970's style called fusion


- Heavily influenced by Michael Jackson in 80's

- Often regarded as Miles' first fusion album


- marks the transition into what is known as his electric period


- He was appealing to a larger/younger audience with this new offshoot style of jazz.



In a Silent Way - 1969


- His motivation to be current in musical styles and trends led to the fusion innovation



- Marriage of musical styles and technology


- Produced the album with Miles and the two used editing techniques new to jazz and often said to be first introduced by the beatles

Teo Marceo and Miles

After A Silent Way for Miles



Next Album: Bitches Brew 1970


- first gold album more than 1/2 a million sold


- fully embraced rock and funk rhythms


- little to no written music.


- Instructed the band during the recordings process verbally/visually (when to solo, tempos, feel of music


- Studio became a large part of the music with editing capabilities


- Rhythmic layering for drums, keys, percussion

- 1971-1976 group (later reformed in the 80's


- Led by British guitarist John McLaughlin (from In a silent way)


- International Band


- Instrumentation: guitar, violin, synthesizers, bass and drums



Mahabishnu Orchestra


- Embraced World music (indian Music) and heavy rock into their improvised jazz and fusion styles

- Led by keyboardist Joe Zawinul from Miles' ' In a Silent Way and Saxophonist Wayne Shorter from Miles 60's jazz quintet


- Embraced the pop element into their sound


- Bassist Jaco Pastorious is the most influential electric bassists in the history of music

Weather Report

- Association with Miles Davis


- Desire to make jazz styles more popular and gain individual or group notoriety


- influence of Hendrix and rock styles of 60's/70's


- emphasis on rhythmic accompaniment with simplicity of harmony


- Use of the guitar. electric bass and keyboards


-



Trends in Early Fusion


- Greatly influenced the Jam Bands of today both in instrumentation and style