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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In the history of medicine, the year ? is exemplified by the statement "here eat this root"
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2000 B.C.
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Describe the progression in the history of healthcare from 2000 bc thru 2000 AD
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2000 - eat root, 1000 AD-prayer, 1850- potion, 1940- pill, 1985-antibiotic, 2000-eat root
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Medicine is a science of ? and an art of ?
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uncertainty, probability
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? were the forerunner of surgeons
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midievel barbers
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? laid the foundation for modern diagnostic techniques
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ancient greeks
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da Vinci's statement about how one learns about the human body
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dissection of the human body was done to learn how it works
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Prehistoric period
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8000 BC
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in prehistoric pd, humans believed in ? and the first doctors were ? that performed ? to treat the sick
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spirits and supernatural forces; shamens, ceremonies
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? pd was the 1st to dispense medicine (plants); drugs like ? and ? were discovered this way
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prehistoric; digitalis and morphine
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? is a prehistoric procedure done to allow spirits to leave a sick person
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trepanning
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Egyptian Period =
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2000 BC
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in egyptian period, the goddess ? was believed to cause or cure diseases and ? played a large part in the medicine of the pd
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Sekhmet; priests
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1st records of medicine were written on ?, during which period?
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papyrus; egyptian pd
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egyptian views of healing was dominated by
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religious beliefs
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the first pharmacists were from what period and used what?
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egyptian; ointments, inhalers, pills, potions from plants
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Egyptian god of medicine
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imhotep
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"Imhotep" means? and is ?
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"the one who walked in peace; the eqyptian god of medicine
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? were the first medical textbooks
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papyrus writings from the eqyptian period that included detailed records of symptoms and trmts of illnesses
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Mummies came from which period
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egyptian, 2000 bc
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the presence of mummies indicate what about the egyptian period
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that they had detailed knowledge of the internal structure of the body, (although they did not use this knowledge in treatments)
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although the eqyptians had detailed knowledge of the body, they did not ?
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apply this to treatment methods
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Greek and Roman period =
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400 BC to 300 AD
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Greek and Roman god of disease and healing
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Apollo
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Apollo was replaced by ? in the 5th century by the greeks/romans
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Asclepius
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? and ? are still the symbols of the medical profession. came from which period?
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Staff and Holy Snake; greek and roman period
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Temple of ? are all over greece still
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Asclepius
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Greek medicine was connected to ? initially
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religion
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Asclepius is a contemporary of ?
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Hippocrates
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5th century = (years?)
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500 BC to 401 BC
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greek physicians learned through
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apprenticeship
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Hippocrates was from which period
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greek/roman 400bc-300ad
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greek philosopher, the father of medicine
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hippocrates
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hippocrates was the first to separate ?
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medicine from religion/superstition
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hippocrates emphasized
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pt's symptoms w/ season of the year, living conditions, diet and exercise habits
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Hippocratic Oath
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I will use treatment to help the sick according to my ability and judgement, but never with the view to injury and wrong doing...Into whatsoever houses I enter, I will enter to help the sick.
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who's is the 4 humor theory
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hippocrates
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what are the 4 humors?
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blood, phlegm, black bile, yellow bile
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? humor gave a person a lively personality and energy; enjoy life and arts
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bloood
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? humor made a person fell lethargic/have dull personality
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phlegm
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? humor caused depression and sadness
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black bile
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? humor influenced a person's temperment; caused anger
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yellow bile
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? is a book (treatise) on hippocratic trtmts
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corpus hippocraticum
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corpus hippocraticum included several books on
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diet, prognosis, climate and water, naturalistic approach, inspection and palpation and physis (nature), observation of the disease process, aphorisms
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? was a greek physician who emigrated to Rome and became the principal doc to many gladiators
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Galen
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Galen was one of the 1st physicians to use ? to understand the human body
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dissections
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? were the 1st to realize the importance of hygiene by linking dirt and disease and took steps to improve sanitation
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romans
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middle ages =
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500-1400 AD
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hallmarks of the middle ages
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roman empire collapsed, lost public hygeine practices, emphasized religion for healing, preists and religiious scholars were considered doctors
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aka for the middle ages
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dark ages
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in the middle ages ? were banned as witchcraft
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herbal remedies and potions
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in the middle ages, ? was used as anesthetic
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opium
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in what year was the outbreak of the bubonic plague
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1347 AD
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bubonic plague =
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fatal pneumonia
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what may have been the cause for the reemergence of hippocrates and galen's practices in the middle ages
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bubonic plague
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in the middle ages, ? was thought to heal by touch
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royalty
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arabic period
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700-1500 AD
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who wrote the "laws of medicine" and in what period
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Ali al-Husayn Abd Allah Ibn Sina (aka Avicenna) in the arabic period
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Avicenna's "laws of medicine" were translated into ? in the 12th century
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latin
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the canon of medicine by ?
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avicenna;
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the canon of medicine contained 5 books detailing;
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formulation of medications, dx of disorders, general medicine and detailed therapies
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? was a great influence in the development of medicine in medieval europe
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Avicenna's canon of medicine
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arabic pharmacists used what for anesthetics
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sponges soaked in narcotics
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the renaissance period =
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1400-1700 AD
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revival of greek and roman culture occured during which period
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renaissance
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in the renaissance pd, medicine was under the control of ?, the ? theory dominated, and ? and ? mastered anatomy
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churches, 4 humor theory, Versalius and Da Vinci
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origin of western medicine was in ? period where the development of it was in ?
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greek/roman pd, arabic period
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development of university medicine first occured where
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norther italy, then france and england
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by ? year did many areas of western europe have their own institutions of higher learning?
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1400 BC
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who wrote the "Circulation theory" and in what year
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william harvey, 1628
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new medicines from the renaissance period
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quinine - opium based pain killer, and tobacco leaves
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new disease of renaissance period
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bubonic plague and small pox
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? was used in the renaissance period to arrest bleeding
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cauterization
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18th and 19th centuries =
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1700-1900 AD
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? discoverd vaccinations in the ? period
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Jenner, 18/19th cent
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xrays in 1895 by
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roentgen
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? made 1st microscope
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Van Leeuwenhoek, 18/19th cent
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? - germ theory, microorganisms, microbiology
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pasteur
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? emphasized the importance of hygeine in the 18/19th cents
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nightengale
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? were used as anesthetic in the 18/19th centuries
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chloroform and cocaine
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? discovered antiseptics and these brought the mortality rate down to
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Joseph Lister, 4% from 60%
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20th century =
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1900-2000
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penicillin discovered by
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fleming, florey and chain (1928)
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insulin disc'd by
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banting and best (1922)
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1st heart transplant by ? in what year
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christian bernard, 1967
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1st successful in vitro birth was when
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7/25/1978
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period in which the following happened; human genome project started, life expectancy increased, CT, MRI came out, HIV/AIDS developed, malari, cholera and TB mostly 3rd world issue
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20th century
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what should the future of medicine be?
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a balance between the art of medicine and the science/technology of medicine w/ imagination, ingenuity and a little luck
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