History Of English Language Ch. 2 Vocab

Front 1

affricate

Back 1

sound produced by complete stoppage of the flow of air followed by slow constricted release as a fricative. /č/ and /ĵ/

Front 2

allophone

Back 2

any of the nondistinctive variants of a phoneme.
aspirated / p/ and unaspirated /p/ are both allophones of the phoneme /p/ in PDE.

Front 3

alveolor

Back 3

sound produced by the tip or blade of the tonuge touching the alveolor ridge.
example = t, d, l, n

Front 4

apex

Back 4

tip of the tongue

Front 5

articulator

Back 5

movable part of the mouth, such as the lips or the tongue, used in pronouncing speech

Front 6

aspirate

Back 6

sound whose production is accompanied by a puff of air, as in the intial consonants of pop, top and cop.

Front 7

bilabial

Back 7

sound made with the two lips as articulators
examples = b, p, m

Front 8

blade

Back 8

upper surface of the toungue just behind the tip

Front 9

consonant

Back 9

sound produced by restricting or blocking the passage of air from the lungs through the mouth and/or nose.
example = PDE consonants are [p, g, s, v, l, m ]

Front 10

dental

Back 10

sound made when the tip of the tongue is toucihng the upper teeth

Front 11

dipthong

Back 11

a glide from one vowel position to another within a single syllable.
example = toy, the sound represented by oy is a dipthong [oi] that glides from o to i.

Front 12

dorsum

Back 12

back of the tongue

Front 13

epiglottis

Back 13

cartilage at the base of the tongue which folds over the glottis to prevent food from entering the trachea during swallowing

Front 14

fricative

Back 14

consonant produced by forcing air through a constricted passage, creating audible friction.
example = [Ø, v, z ]

Front 15

glottal stop

Back 15

consonant formed by closing the glottis and then opening it and releasing air suddenly.
examples = allophones of /t/ in english

Front 16

hard palate

Back 16

front part of the roof of the mouth that is supported by bony material

Front 17

interdental

Back 17

referring to the consonants formed with the tongue between the teeth .
example = [Ø] in think and [ð]

Front 18

larynx

Back 18

upper end of the trachea, containig vocal cords

Front 19

lateral

Back 19

a consonant prounounced by blocking the front of the mouth but allowing air to escape from one or both sides.
example = [l]

Front 20

lax

Back 20

a vowel produced with relatively little muscular tension

Front 21

liquid

Back 21

consonant produced without friction.
example = /r/ and /l/

Front 22

nasal

Back 22

referring to a sound produced while the velum is lowered so that much of the air escapes through the nose.
example = /m, n, ŋ /

Front 23

palate

Back 23

roof of the mouth, consisting of the bony hard palate in front and the soft palate in back

Front 24

pharnyx

Back 24

back of the mouth btwn the nasal passages and the larynx

Front 25

point of articulation

Back 25

nonmovable portion of the speech tract with which an articulator comes in contact

Front 26

prosody

Back 26

stress or pitch patterns that give a language its perceived rhythms

Front 27

resonant

Back 27

vague term for a voiced speech sound

Front 28

retroflex

Back 28

referring to a sound produced with the tongue tip raised and curled up toward the alvehor ridge

Front 29

schwa

Back 29

vowel /backward e /
example = as in alone, harem, and color.

Front 30

semivowel

Back 30

sound that shares chacteristics of both vowels and consonants

Front 31

spirant

Back 31

(fricative) consonant produced by forcing air through a constricted passage, creating audible friction

Front 32

stop

Back 32

consonant produced by compleltley closing the air passages and then suddenly opening them

Front 33

tense

Back 33

forms of verb that indicate time or duration of action or state expressed by the verb

Front 34

trachea

Back 34

tube going from the back of the mouth to the lungs: the windpipe

Front 35

uvula

Back 35

triangular piece of soft tissue that hangs down over the throat behind the soft palate

Front 36

uvluar trill

Back 36

an r-like sound made by vibrating the uvula

Front 37

velar

Back 37

referring to consonants formed by approaching or touching the back of the tongue of the soft palate

Front 38

velum

Back 38

movable soft membrane behind the hard palate that closes off the nasal cavity during swallows

Front 39

vocal cords

Back 39

bands of cartilage in the larynx. why they are tensed and air from the lungs passes through them making them vibrate, sound (voice ) results

Front 40

voiced

Back 40

referring to sounds pronounced while the vocal cords are vibrating

Front 41

voiceless

Back 41

referring to sounds produced without simultaneous vibration of the vocal cords

Front 42

vowel

Back 42

sound produced by unrestricted passage of air through the mouth, vibration of the vocal cords.