History Of Education In Canada 323

Front 1

Sophist Educators

Back 1

-470-370- B.C. in Athens
-the first professional educators
-They appeared to meet the needs of the rising classes (who had money) by preparing them for political leadership by teaching cultural and rhetorical skills
-claimed they could teach virtue and charged a fee for it
-students will gain 1) intellectual and interpersonal characteristics needed for success in society 2) skills or argument, discussion and persuasion for legal, social and political success
-sophists never established actual institutions
-never a single body of educators - disagreed on pedagogical specifics
-exaggerated their teaching abilities
-positives= they made more education opportunities available for people

Front 2

Spartan Education

Back 2

Spartan educators used skills to transform men into disciplined savages. Built a totalitarian morale that rested on absolute patriotic devotion to the state. Isolated students from foreign ideas and therefore maintained a high level of community consensus and social stability. Designed to produce a collective hero rather than individual who did deeds for his own glory. Physically active and fit bodies. Military training. Taught to endure pain. Beatings and punishments to induce manliness.
Girls educated at home with some military training. Domestic training.

Front 3

Jean Baptist de la Salle

Back 3

-was a pioneer in founding training colleges for teachers, reform schools for delinquents, technical schools, and secondary schools for modern languages, arts, and sciences. (formed first French "normal school")
-promoted separation in schools for ability and mental stages
-introduced teaching in french
-emphasized blackboards and visuals

Front 4

Jesuits and the Wilderness School

Back 4

Jesuits to turn Indians to Christians. 1749 - 845 schools under control. Held the view that the Indian could be converted to a Christian without converting him into a Frenchman. Moved into Indian villages, tried to teach in local dialect, not french. Hurons were successful until taken over by Iroquois.French conflict with Iroquois not successful in converting. Only really converted children, the sick, and the dying, very little adults. Many Indians hopeful of receiving gifts. Associate spread of disease with Christianity. War, disease, and drink. Jesuits also included girls in instruction. Gave rewards. Made songs in Indian dialect. Games approach. Drawings and paintings. Sticks of different colours.

Front 5

Eclectic Schooling in BNA

Back 5

1791-1841
1)Anglicans started to control, open schools to all people.
1789- first university, Kings College in NS, 1800 NB, 1827 Toronto
-Grammar schools prepare youth for leadership, fee based, considered good education, privileged
-1803 best known grammar school -John Strachan
District Public Schools Act 1807 -made for 1 grammar school to be built in all 9 districts and paid for school master
2)Protestant schools- immigrants due to migration to UC, many believed education was a route to improved social status
3)Class based education- elite route, working class not afford, students go off to foreign unis
4)Profit Based Schools- private venture, girls schools, temporary
5)Philanthropic Schools- charity, monitorial system, british schools, anglican church, teachers get smartest students to teach (monitors) 1815 first opened in halifax
6) 1816 UC common school act 1. 20 students then 2. Parents build school 3.Elect 3 man school board 4.apply for 25 pound gov grant 5. hire teach

Front 6

John Strachan

Back 6

Born Scotland 1778. 1803 ordained as a priest of the church of England. same year moved to cornwall and taught at grammar school 03-04.
Leader of family compact. Against ryerson. did not believe in exclusion. Made his own text book.
war of 1812 rise to importance. post war politics.
his educational principals 1. promote loyalty to British 2. promote conservative political and social values 3. promote anglican church power and values

Front 7

Monitorial Schools

Back 7

Philanthropic Schools- charity, monitorial system, british schools, anglican church, teachers get smartest students to teach (monitors) 1815 first opened in halifax. NS had 10 and NB had 35. Andrew Bell and Joseph Lancaster (Brits). 1820s ish

Front 8

John George Hodgins

Back 8

born dublin 1821. Ryersons assistant 1844. Helped build upper canada school system. chose textbooks, wrote legislation, ran day to day education office affairs, visited irish institutions. shaped policy for for board of education. Editor of Journal of Education. School system part of democracy. created education depository 1850

Front 9

School Promoters' Arguments

Back 9

beliefs:
1. schools as training grounds to build citizens, loyalty, respect for law, social control, anti-american, british loyalty
2. reduce religious conflicts (non denominational schools) this fights catholic view of no state, all church
3. reduction of poverty and social problems and unemployement, teach thrift, hardwork, temperance, manners, morals, punctuality, middle class values

Front 10

Separate schools Supporters

Back 10

1840s,50s,60s, Quebec :Bleu: RC Church Alliance wanted return of catholic control. only separate schools could contain proper morals. had to be administered by church but needed gov funding. RC wants to control teachers, building, curriculum, TEP, books, believed that non sectarian schools were Protestant in disguise. Believed education is fundamentally religious.

Front 11

Manitoba Schools Question

Back 11

1890-96. Manitoba got dual system, two languages, very split. Publicly funded schools for Roman Catholics and Protestants. spread to the national level, one of the key issues in the federal election of 1896 and resulted in the defeat of the Conservative gov. Many English people move to area and become majority, everything proportioned by # of people. Dalton McCarthy (anti-catholic) creates equal rights association. wants no privileges for anyone, remove separate schools and bilingualism. Thomas Greenway (PM) removes French as a language, no funding for religious schools, divided the people. Allowed fro after school catholic teaching. if min # of students, language teaching was required for short times per day but later dropped. one of the incidents that led to strengthening of French Canadian nationalism in Quebec in the late 19th century.

Front 12

Feminization of Teaching

Back 12

teachers were traditionally males, 1850s-1870s more men got other jobs with labour expansion. harder to get male teachers. Men wanted a family wage and wanted to be breadwinners as wanting to own land/farm. They started to teach more highschool. School starts getting defined as domestic childcare. from 1867- 1870 women teachers rose from 46% to 61%. It was good training to become a mother, women were kinder and more nurturing, women could be paid less. considered a temporary job for the young single woman. Hurdles included trying to get women to work outside the home and the lack of educated women/opportunities for them to become educated.