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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Civilization
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collective beliefs, values, ideas, attitudes
and aptitudes which are reflected in its productions/artifacts (works of art, structures, manufactured goods), customs, conventions, language, and institutions (political, social, economic, religious, etc.). |
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What was life like before civilization?
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-hunter-gatherers (no cities)
-limited food supply -limited specialization -tied to a lifestyyle that changed little -lack of leisure time -individually focused and not society focused |
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What are the two creative pathways for Improvement?
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1- personal life (Little c Creativity)
2- Society, which leads to civilization (Big C Creativity) |
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What is the FLOW of Civilization?
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1. Food in abundance from fixed location
2. Labor Specialization 3. Order and Organization of Society 4. Writing System |
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Why is the the ability to produce an abundance of food in a fixed location essential for allowing people to settle together?
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-it allows localization of population into cities
-allows increased population density -leads to focused tech. developments (agronomy, plow, wheel, materials) |
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How does sufficient food lead to the specialization of labor?
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-Outgrowth of plant and animal domestication
-led to a diversification of occupations (farmer, soldier, merchant) |
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Why was the writing system invented?
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-easier preservation of info
-religion -commerce -history, culture, science |
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Writing System
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-set of defined symbols and agreed meanings
-a set of rules for combining symbols to represent language elements -some physical means of representing the symbols in a preservable medium |
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Writing
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the "lubricant" that let all the other elements of society work together
-hieroglyphics, cuneiform, chinese characters.... |
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Logograms
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symbol represents whole words or morphemes
-chines, egyptian, sumerian cuneiform, symbols %,$ |
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Syllabaries
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symbol represents a syllable
-shorthand -text for blind readers -japanese script |
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Alphabet
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symbol represents a sound
-roman, greek, cyrillic alphabets |
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what are three essential features of civilization?
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1- specialization of labor (working together)
2- an established social order or hierarchy (everyone in place) 3- A system of written communication (share info) |
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when did civilization begin?
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4000-3500 BC
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Earliest example of civilization?
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Sumer- S. Mesopotamia (5300)
- year round agriculture leading to specialization of order and dependable food source -record keeping and first known writing system (3500 bc Cuneiform) |
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Civilization along rivers?
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-river silt
-Irrigation -Supplementary food supply -transportation -communication |
