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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Literacy Thesis |
Asserts writing as the most important technological invention. Writing is the "Technology of the Intellect" |
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Primary vs Secondary Orality |
Primary Orality is the condition and character of societies with no knowledge of writing. Secondary orality is highly literate societies experiencing a return to orality due to technologies such as television and radio |
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Milman Parry |
Studied Greek literature and hypothesized that Homer was illiterate and a bard. His works were memorized and passed down |
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Bards |
People who remembered long epic poems often putting them to song. Milman Parry studied them in order to prove that Homer could have been a bard |
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Formulas |
Patterns that organize and frame the oral traditions of yore. Repetitiveness, rhythms and rhymes |
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Creative vs Verbatim Memorization |
Creative memorization is employed in non-literate societies where things are memorized and have improvisational additions as opposed to literate societies where the reproduction of a text is expected to be verbatim |
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Hearing Dominance vs Sight Dominance |
Hearing: Perceives events in time Sight: Eg. hearing takes time and turns it into space thus solidifying it |
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Back-Scanning |
Ability to skip ahead, go back in literature. Eliminates inconsistencies and repetition |
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Pictograms |
Use of graphic signs to convey meanings and represent reality |
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Scripts |
Use of graphic signs to represent speech |
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Cuneiform |
Developed in Mesopotamia in 3200 BCE. First Languages: Sumerian then Akkadian |
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Clay Tablets |
Very durable but required careful planning to write on limited space. easily breakable |
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Scribes |
Small number of people that could write in ancient Mesopotamia. Learned to write and sing hymns. Helped to facilitate law and bureaucracy |
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Hammurabi's Code of Law |
ruled for 42 years, conquered much of Mesopotamia. Created a code of law to extend his rule |
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Library of Ashurbanipal |
Records were kept in archives; age census, etc. |
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Epic of Gilgamesh |
Epic tale describing a great king. One of the first literary works, likely served a political function |
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Restricted (Scribal) vs Broad Literacy |
Small class of scribes are capable of writing vs a large number of a population able to write. (When, how and why does the shift happen? --> Alphabets |
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Logographic Script (Logograms) |
symbols that represent a single morpheme. Depict components of speech. Eg. the smallest unit of meaning Advantages: Many signs but fewer signs needed compared to Alphabets. Quick to write more intuitive |
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Alphabets (letters) |
Break down language into components of sound. Usually a much smaller number than morphemes Advantages: Easier to learn compact script, welcoming to new words (morphemes). A great sorting and searching device (dictionaries). Keyboards! |
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Phoenician alphabet |
One of the first alphabets w/only consonants. Adopted by Greeks who added vowels |
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Codex |
Sheets glued or sewn together along one side and bound in covers. Differentiates from immaterial content of a book. BOOKS WERE INVENTED |
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Papyrus |
First used by the Egyptians. Brittle, unable to be folded, scrolled |
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Parchment |
Thin layer of skin of an animal eg. Cow. Could be written on both sides, cheaper than papyrus. Taken up by Christians almost as a symbol of defiance |
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Scriptorium |
Workshop in which monks would copy texts. Lettering and rubrication were decorative letters with color |
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Illuminations |
Illustrations depicting contents of a book. Often ornate and made with silver and gold as well as vivid dyes |
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Pecia System |
Pieces of a book coped by university students for their own study. A student would check out a section of a textbook, copy it and then use it for their own studying purposes. |