History Of Christianity Mid-Term

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Abbot

Back 1

"father." The head overseer of a monastery.

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Allah

Back 2

Arabic word for "God."

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Anchoress

Back 3

A devout woman living in seclusion and oftern attached to a parish church.

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Apologists

Back 4

a group of early Christian theologians who defended Christianity against attacks by pagan writers.

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Apostolic Fathers

Back 5

the fathers of the early Christian church whose lives overlapped those of any of the apostles.

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Asceticism

Back 6

severe punishment of the body for religious purposes.

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Black Death

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bubonic plague

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Canon

Back 8

the officially accpeted list of scriptures

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Christendom

Back 9

a Christian world

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Christology

Back 10

the doctrin of Christ and his work

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Contemplative life

Back 11

a life of prayer and devotion often followed by moks or nuns

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Creed

Back 12

a statement of beliefs

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Crusades

Back 13

church-sanctioned military ventures against the Muslims to free the Holy Land from Islamic domination.

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Dioeses

Back 14

regions under the direction of bishops

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Donatists

Back 15

fourth century sect that believed the church is made up of pure saints; sacraments administered by impure bishops are ineffective

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Ecumenical movement

Back 16

twentieth century Protestant movement in which various denominations are reuniting or at least engaging in cooperative efforts.

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Edict of Milan

Back 17

decree by Constantine and Licinius issued in 313 that extended tollerance to Christians and other groups

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Episcopal Structure

Back 18

an organizational hierarchy in which bishops rule over the church.

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Faith

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a response produced by the Holy Spirit in which a person commits to God and becomes more like Christ.

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Feudalism

Back 20

a system of economic, social, and political organization centeren in large self-sufficient manors.

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Gentiles

Back 21

all non Jews

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Gnosticism

Back 22

early Christian philosophy that stressed believers acquiring gnosis (secret knowledge) necessary for salvation. Gnostics emphasized the difference between the spirit (good) and matter (evil). Gnostic ideas were used by some Christians to understand Jesus and his mission.

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Gospel

Back 23

"good news." The early Christians referred to their message as the gospel (good news) about Jesus. A Gospel of the Gospels may also refer to a New Testament book that tells the story of the life of Jesus.

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Hebrews

Back 24

a term aplied to God's chosen people in the Bible

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Heresy

Back 25

a teachng that departs from the accepted (orthodox) doctrine

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Historical Process

Back 26

the interactions of people, places, and events which cause the occurences of history

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Icons

Back 27

drawings or paintings of Christ, the Virgin Mary, or saints.

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Islam

Back 28

the religion founded by Muhammad in teh seventh century; word means "submission to God."

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Kingdom of God

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the age in which the rule of God appears on earth

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Koran

Back 30

the holy book of Islam

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Lay investure

Back 31

process by which an emperor or other political leader would install clergy in their offices and give them fiefs for their support. This allowed the political leaders to dominate the clergy.

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Linear view of History

Back 32

the idea that history has a definite beginning and end

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Logos

Back 33

reason of "the Word." In several first century philosophies the Logos was the force through whom the world was created. Christians eventually claimed that Jesus was the Logos.

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Love feast

Back 34

a meal held by early Christians along with the Eucharist.

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Manicheism

Back 35

religion based on the teachings on Mani that developed in Persial during the third century of the common era. It taught a radical separationbetween the evil material world and the good world of the spirit.

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Monastics

Back 36

people who seek to live pure Christian lives by withdrawing from society; they usually live in communities where they dedicate themselves to disciplining the flesh and developing their spiritual nature.

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Monastery

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the place where monks live

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Monk

Back 38

a male monastic

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Mystery REligions

Back 39

the group of religions arising from the eastern Roman empire that emphasized secret knowledge and initiation into religious mysteries.

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Nun

Back 40

a femal monastic

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Orders

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monks, nuns, or friars who live in religious communities.

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Pagans

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worshipers of non-Christian gods.

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Papal Primacy

Back 43

the concept that because the pope is the supreme leader of Christianity, all Christians should submit to his rule.

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Patriarch Christian

Back 44

usually means one of the major leaders of the Eastern Orthodox church. The term may also refer to one of the early theologians of the church known as a group of the church fathers.

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Patrimony of St. Peter

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lands in Italy controlled by the pope that provided financial support for the papacy.

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Patristic Period

Back 46

from the Latin word for "father," the time of the church fathers (100 AD-500 AD) when most of the core ideas of Christian theology were formed.

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Pope

Back 47

"papa or father." In early Western Christianity, the term was applied to any bishop. Gregory VII had the use of the term restricted to the bishop of Rome in 1073. The Eastern Orthodox church still applies the term to all priests.

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Primacy

Back 48

supremacy; the term often refers to the teaching that the pope is superior to other bishops.

Front 49

Royal Absolutism

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the monarch was place on the throne by God with absolute power to rule.

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Synoptic Gospels

Back 50

the New TEstament books of Matthew, Mark, and Luke which tell the story of Jesus from a similar viewpoint.

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Usury

Back 51

the lending of money for interest.