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94 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In this religion, there is no religious hierarchy, it differs from region to region, is not standardized, and you must be born into it
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Hinduism
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a set of four sacred works, with no date or set author. Written over a period of 2000 years
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The Vedas
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What looks at every aspect of life to define it and its boundaries but to also help people find joy; deep respect for nature
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The Vedas
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The Creator god with four heads that represent the Vedas and help to see in all directions
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Brahma
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The Preservor god; turns into a man and restore order. Also known as Rama
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Vishnu
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The Destroyer/Regenerator god; represented by a bull
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Shiva
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Selfless execution of one's duty/law/obligation based on one's place in society
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Dharma
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belief of multiple life cycles/reincarnation
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Samsara
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the results of your behavior in life
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Karma
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The cessation of your life cycle and your soul rejoins Brahma
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Moksha
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T/F: you can change caste in India
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False
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Caste which gets taxes from the people; exempt from laws and taxes; tyrants
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Brahman
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Warrior caste; live off of taxes but must adhere to the laws
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Kashatriya
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Farmer/Merchant caste; pay taxes
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Vyasa
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Menial worker caste; multiple categories within caste
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Sudra
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People removed from their caste for a crime they committed
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The Untouchables
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Sprang up in response to tyrannical rule of the Brahmans; a reformed version of Hindu
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Buddhism
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Founder of Buddhism
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Siddhartha Guatama
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Story of Siddhartha Guatama seeing a sick man, poor man, a beggar, and a corpse and pondered why there was suffering in the world; received enlightenment under a Bodhi Tree
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The Legend of the Great Renunciation
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Moral and ethical philosophy more than a religion;Does not have beliefs in god (s), no afterlife, does not deal with supernatural, rarely mention heaven unless in abstract sense, does not contemplate sin, heaven or hell. Main focus is on a person’s time here on earth, their conduct while living.
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Confucianism
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Founder of Confucianism, felt he had a mission to restore social hierarchy and save aristocracy; known as a man of learning and felt very strongly for the cultivation of the individual so that they can better serve society
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Confucius (Kung-fu-tzu)
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Written after Confucius' deather
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Analects
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one of Confucius’ followers who lived a century after Confucius; born in an even more chaotic time then Confucius, sought government position but like Confucius was denied; believed in the innate goodness of peopl
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Mencius
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order of society/ knowing and adhering to one’s place in society “let the ruler be a ruler,… the father be a father, and the son be a son”
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Filial Piety
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Social conformity
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social order
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how to conduct yourself in all circumstances, i.e death of father does not end your duty-mourning for 3 years-no sex or worldly pleasure, meditate by tomb of father, leave home; was originally for upper class
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Li (ritual)
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allowed any male to take exam and if they passed they would be granted a government position ;if they passed 3rd level- work with emperor (social mobility); hard test: memorize all Confucius books and poetry as well as knowledge of history, and current events
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Confucian Imperial Exam
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Religion that is the philosophical opposite of Confucius; Yin= negative Yang =positive; equal sides of natural, balance, that is unchanging and pre-existing before the creation of the world; writings are in riddles and open to multiple interpretations, considered to be philosophical and officially recognized as a religion, deep belief in cosmic order and the cosmos
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Daoism
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non action; act without personal attachment
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Wu-wei
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compassion, moderation, and humility; harmony and grounding in nature so you don’t need man’s involvement in nature
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3 Jewels of the Dao
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contemporary of Confucius who debated him and his ideals
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Laozi
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indigenous religion of Japan; goes beyond religion; life distinctly connected to nature, way of looking at the world and yourself within the world
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Shinto
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divinity/god
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Kami
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natural pass that allowed people to enter India
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Khyber Pass
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"Melting Pot of India"
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Central India
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Massive Civilization (2700-1200 BCE)
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Indus Valley Civilization
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Capital of Indus Valley Civilization
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Harappa
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dark skinned population; ancestors to Tamil Peninsula; advanced and peaceful civilization
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Dravidians
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What religion borrowed idea of mother goddess, fertility worship, reverence for cattle, early form of Shiva, belief of reincarnation, from Valley civilization
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Hinduism
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born of nobility but exiled when child; Kautilya saw him and knew his potential to be leader
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Chandragupta
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established Mauryan Dynasty; Kautilya appointed as prime minister
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Chandragupta
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expanded Chandragupta's kingdom
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Bindusara
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greatest ruler; conquered areas outside of Mayoran control
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Ashoka
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info on Ashoka's rule; written in the language of the people
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Rock Pillars/Edicts
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language of the people
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Prakrit
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"Golden Age" dynasty
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Gupta Dynasty
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writes plays, novelist short storyteller, “Cloud Messenger”-exiled, misses wife, man convinced a cloud to bring message to his wife, describes world from viewpoint of cloud, “Shakespeare of India”
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Kalidasa
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Chinese neolithic site; located by Yellow river; known as painted pottery culture
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Yangsha
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Chinese neolithic site; known as 'black pottery culture'
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Lungshan
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Greatest Chinese historian; wrote "Records of Grand Historian"
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Sima Qian
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Thought to be a mythical dynasty; first to extend to Yangzhi valley; bronze age kingdom
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Shang
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ruler had divine right to rule-> son of heaven -no other king on earth-> China= Middle Kingdom ;Shangs “lost” mandate due to corruption and the mandate was given to the Zhou; used to justify Zhou takeover
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Mandate of Heaven
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during this period, the king had no authority
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Warring States Period
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dynasty that is agriculture based; pheasant based army with large cavalry; defeated six other states
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Quin
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Dynasty marked beginning of Imperial China; centralized rule and immediate authority of the emperor
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Qin Dynasty
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extreme state control; arrived around the time of Confucius
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Legalism
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"Yellow Emperor"; connected pre-existing Great Wall segments
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Shi Huang Di
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Emperor during Han Dynasty; lessoned taxes; expansionist foreign policy
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Liu Bang
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thorn in Liu Bang's side; huns
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Xiangnu
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sought alliance with other against Huns; capital at Chang'an; tyrant
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Wu-Di
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rebellion started when people thought mandate lost; daoist sect rose up to restore order
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Tellow Turban Rebellion
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no previous exposure to Chinese culture
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rax
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exposure to chinese culture
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cooked
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offered stability when Han dynasty fell; at first at conflict with Chinese outlook
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Buddhism
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Divine buddha; multiple buddhas
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Mahayna
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Combination of Daoism and Confucianism
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sinicized buddhism
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Dynasty that linked Yangtze to Yellow River
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Grand Canal
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Grand Canal was finished during what dynasty?
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Sui Dynasty
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first legal code in china; broke power of great families
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tang code
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"supreme ancestor"; excelled at everything foreign and domestic
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Emperor Tai Zang
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land was distributed based on size of family in exchange for government texing the land and whatever was produced on the land
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equal fields system
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Civilian based militia; put Han policy in place and put foreign generals in charge of militias
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Fu-ping Militia
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Turk rebellion against tang was led by
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An-Lushan
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what emperor expanded education; scholars glorified; social mobility promotion; cohesion of China
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Taizu
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Chronicles of Japan
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Nihanji
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"Records of Ancient matters"
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Kgiki
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Ancestors hypothesized to be Mongolia/China; Polynesian islands
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Japanese
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What eras lasted longer in Japan than anywhere else?
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Neolithic/Paleolithic
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oldest known pottery in the world; started rice cultivation
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Jamon Culture
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First female ruler; shaman; women received education
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Queen Pimiko
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hereditary aristocratic clans
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Uji
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decentralized consolidation of clans; controlled yamoto plains
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Yamoto Court
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sun goddess from which Yamoto descended
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Amaterasu
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what consisted of: Silla, Koguryo, Paeloche
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Korea
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What country borrowed writing system, political infrastructure
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Japan
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this person served emperor and brought reforms based on Chinese models
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Fujiwara kamaturi
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first emperor; enforced the taika reforms
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Emperor Tenmu
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first real historical period; borrowed civil service exam
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Nara
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what caused capital to move to Kyoto?
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buddhist threat
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"Golden Age"; economically weak; culture flourished
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Heian
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warrior class; imperial clans defense
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Samurai
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author; daughter of provicial ruler
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Lady Murasaki
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head of state who ruled over the ocuntry fo rthe emperor
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Shogun
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who was seen as a deity who didn't need to bother himself with political administration
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emperor
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