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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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LLOYD GEORGES MOTIVES/AIMS |
Lloyd George wanted to continue trading with Germany Wanted to maintain naval supremacy Not too harsh Wanted reparations Limit territorial loses so industry not affected |
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CLEMENCEAUS MOTIVES/AIMS |
PUNISHED HARSHLY Lots of reparations Limited military for safety Blame for WAR |
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WILSONS MOTIVES/AIMS |
Wants to make a democracy so not harsh Blame for War Not enough so they would seek revenge 14 points |
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LLOYD GEORGE SATISFIED? |
WAR GUILT: yes REPARATIONS: too much MILITARY: yes TERITOTIAL: no lost industry like the Saar |
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CLEMENCEAU SATISFIED |
WAR GUILT: yes REPARATIONS: Wants more but likes the Saar MILITARY: safer with greater TERRITIORIAL: wants more of Rhinelands |
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WILSON SATISFIED? |
TOO HARSH and lack of colonial independannce which doesn't link to his 14 points |
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WHY DID THE VICTORS NOT GET EVERYTHING THEY WANTED? |
Had to represent Public opinion Had different Aims Armistace Break up of Austrio-Hungary Secret War Treaties |
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TERRITORIAL LOSES |
Danzig and Saar to LEAGUE Alsace Lorraine to FRANCE Eupen Malmedy to BELGIUM Rhinelands DEMILITARISED Upper Silesia and Polish Corridor to POLAND Togoland to Britain |
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HOw did Germany React |
Reactions to the Treaty in Germany were very negative. There were protests in the German Reichstag (Parliament) and out on the streets. It is not hard to see why Germans were outraged. Germany lost 10% of its land, all its overseas colonies, 12.5% of its population, 16% of its coal and 48% of its iron industry. There were also the humiliating terms, which made Germany accept blame for the war, limit their armed forces and pay reparations.
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IMPACT ON GERMANY (Look in notes aswell) |
Weimar Government Kapp Putsch (March 1920) Reparations Ruhr (January 1923) Hyperinflation |
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HOW DID BRITAIN REACT |
Mixed reaction. The general opinion in Britain was that the terms were fair and should probably have been more severe. British newspapers suggested that Germany would no longer threaten world peace. Any complaints by the Germans were dismissed as trickery and play-acting. When Lloyd George returned from Paris in June 1919, he received a hero's welcome. The king came out to meet him at the railway station, which was completely unheard of in British history.
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HOW DID FRANCE REACT |
Mixed. There were celebrations that the war was definitely over. People approved of the reparations that Germany had to pay. They also liked the fact that Germany's borders with France (the Rhineland) would be demilitarised. This meant Germany could not station any troops in this area. They appreciated that the coalmines of the Saar would bring prosperity to France instead of Germany. They also believed that the League of Nations would be a powerful force for peace. It would protect France if Germany recovered and tried to act aggressively again.However, there was a strong sense that Germany still threatened France. Many French people looked at the terrible cost of the war and believed that France had suffered far more than Germany. Soon after the Treaty, Clemenceau stood for election as President of France. He was outraged when other candidates stood against him. It was then that he realised how bitter many people were about the Treaty.
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HOW DID USA REACT |
Negative. Many Americans felt that the Treaty was unfair on Germany. More importantly, they felt that Britain and France were making themselves rich at Germany's expense and that the USA should not be helping them to do this. This was not really the case, but many Americans believed it.This was partly because American politics were deeply divided at the time. President Wilson led the Democratic Party. However, his rivals in the Republican Party dominated the US Congress. They used the Treaty as an opportunity to criticise Wilson. Wilson has to take some of the blame for this as he made little effort to consult the Republicans about the Treaty. Americans were also uneasy about Wilson's scheme for a League of Nations. They were concerned that belonging to the League would drag the USA into international disputes that were not their concern. In the end, the Congress rejected the Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations.
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TREATY OF ST GERMAIN 1919 |
forbade anschluss Austria had to disarm Austria had to have army<30000 Land Given away Czecholslovakia created No longer a leading power |
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TREATY OF NUEILLY 1919 |
Signed with BUlgaria Reparations of 100 million Army less than 20,000 Lost access to the sea Had to disarm Lost land to Greece |
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TREATY OF SIEVRES 1920 |
Signed with Turkey Lost straits to the Black Sea Now had independant former lands Not successful treaty Turkish nationals challenged and drove Greeks out of Smyra |
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TREATY OF TRIANON 1920 |
Signed along with the Treaty of St GERMAIN but with Hungary Transfer of land Army less than 35,000 men areas of land to Czecholslovakia. |
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IT WAS JUSTIFIED |
They had been harsher in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, 34% of Russia's population, 50% of its industry and made them pay 300 million gold roubles in reparations. The reparations were only 2% GDP No enthusiasm for Wilson's 14 points but angry when they were not given to them France had lost over 4 million men It would have been harsher it it weren't for Wilson and Lloyd George, Clemenceau wanted the Treaty destroyed. |
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IT WAS NOT JUSTIFIED |
NO invited to the League Forced to sign War Guilt - DICTAT |
