History National Identity

Front 1

1901-14
Why so British?

Back 1

Generations of native born aus begun to identify with aus, however, most colonists still regarded Brit as home; over 77 percent of the Australian population had been born to British parents and of these, 18 percent had actually been born in Britain. British migration peakers between 1909-1913
Parliament, brit history in school, empire day, trade with brits. This constant barrage of British patriotism had a huge impact on the identity of the Australian people, as the nation became, to itself and to the world, bound to Britain "with ties of kindred and blood".

Front 2

1901-14
Diff from Brits?

Back 2

Australians had always believed themselves to be in the best possible position to oversee the creation of a society free from the injustice of the past, with a better standard of living, and the pursuit of this aim became an important feature of Australian society; The Invalid and Old Age Pension Act of 1908. Egalitarianism encouraged by Bush Myth created by Paterson, Bullettin… Provided alternative to Brit ident. How true was egal? Women and inequality, class inequalities (working class dwelled in rows of poorly built tenements with inadequate sanitary arrangements, overcrowded)
Australia became known as a nation of humanity and high-class living conditions, dedicated to ideals of good will for those struggling and the desire to see a fair standard of living for all. Politicians of all political parties found themselves forced to support racially unfair policies in order to be elected, and such policies became a major feature of Australian society. The White Australia Policy of 1901 .By 1904, even the Kanakas previously employed in the sugar fields of Queensland had been repatriated, and use of their cheap labour outlawed.

Front 3

1901-14
Typical characteristics?

Back 3

Typical aus; easy going, generous, anti-clerical, practical, improviser, egalitarian, independent, loyal. However, By end of 19th century, Aus was probs most urbanized society in world.

Front 4

1914

Back 4

Capture Dardanelles between Aegan ad black seas, 25th April 1915
Before Gallipoli the citizens of Australia were confident of the superiority of the British Empire and were proud and eager to offer their service. Gallipoli shook that confidence, and the next three years on the Western Front would damage it further. The ANZACs are revered as heroes and, in Australia are stereotyped as typical tough Australians betrayed by incompetent and callous British superiors, impressions re-affirmed by films such as Peter Weir's Gallipoli, even though "The scale of the tragedy of the Nek was mostly the work of two Australian incompetents, Hughes and Antill." Popular Australian history asserts that while the Federation of Australia was born in 1901, the country's true psychological independence was only achieved at Gallipoli.