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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Columbian Exchange
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Exchange of goods from Europe to Africa to the new World.
• New world produced agricultural product such as tobacco, cacao, and vanilla. • Europeans also brought livestock. • Many diseases such as smallpox and syphilis among others were transferred. o Diseases ravaged Indian populations • Brought many new foods from Africa to the new world. o Would help with the establishment of new colonies. |
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Hernán Cortés
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Spanish Conquistador who conquered the Aztec Empire in Mexico in 1521. Thought he would find gold. He took Montezuma hostage and eventually destroyed the empire. Cemented Spanish control in Latin America.
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Paule Le Jeune
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A Jesuit Priest. He converted Indians and slaves to Christianity. Wrote extensively of mistreatment of the slave population. Taught them how to read so they could follow Catholicism. Wrote that slaves should have rights.
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"Starving Time"
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The winter of 1609 in Jamestown that killed many of the colonists since they didn't grow their own food. Caused many to want to abandon the colony. This later helped cause war with the Indians as the colonists would steal their food.
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Opechancanough
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After chief Powhatan died, he was succeeded by his brother. Opechancanough was determined to wipe out the settlers in a huge attack. English retaliated and pushed Indians out of area
After this, the two became perpetual enemies in Virginia. |
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Nathaniel Bacon
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Led a rebellion in Virginia in 1676. He was angered over Indian attacks and the fact that the royal government had forbidden more settlement. His army attacked Indians and then the government. The Royal Governor called elections and Bacon's men were elected to office. They passed a series of progressive laws. They were all kicked out of office after Bacon died. Caused indentured servitude to decline as most of the rebels were indentured. Also increased Royal power as Crown reaffirmed position in government.
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The Pilgrims
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Founded the Plymouth Colony in 1620. They wanted to separate from the Church of England because of its abuses and English Persecution. Were separatists and were more extreme than the Puritans. Set up Mayflower Compact for basic government. One of the first codes of law in the New World.
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"A Modell of Christian Charity"
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Puritans, who founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630, had a Royal Charter. They didn't separate from the church; they wanted to purify it. Governor John Winthrop had this ideal of religious perfection that would serve as an example for the rest of the world.
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Anne Hutchinson
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In 1634 she began to deliver lectures on religion.Governor Winthrop believed that she was subordinating the colony.She was excommunicated in 1638. She went to Rhode Island and then New York. One of the first examples of intolerance and persecution in the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
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Triangular Trade
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System of trade by British colonies. Caused British colonies to grow much faster economically than those of other nations.
•Guns, manufactured goods from Europe to Africa •Slaves from Africa to North America (Middle Passage of triangle) •Slave crops in America exported to Europe (final leg |
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Wiliam Penn
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King Charles the 2nd made Penn the proprietor of Pennsylvania in 1681 to get him and other Quakers out of England. Pennsylvania had many immigrants, religious tolerance. They also respected Indians' land claims. It was the first very progressive colony.
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Abigail Abott Bailey
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She was one of the first women to successfully divorce her husband after his rampant cheating and incest. It took her years to do so. Incident displayed how women were still second class citizens with absolutely no rights or protections
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Mercantilism
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o Economic view that empires had to fight for finite amount of wealth.
o Goal was to export more than import. o Wanted to be economically self sufficient. o Colonies were key to this system as colonies would provide raw materials and markets for goods. o Was basis of Navigation Acts. |
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Navigation Acts
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British mercantilist economic policy. Made it so the colonies could only trade with Britain and other colonies. Made it so that many smuggled goods. Later made colonists angry and was one factor that helped to ignite revolution.
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Stamp Act
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Passed in 1765 to raise the revenue needed to keep British troops in the colonies. Tax on paper and all documents. Made people angry as they weren't represented in Parliament. Was repealed in 1766 after the Sons of Liberty intimidated and coerced Royal officials so much that they would not collect the tax. Sons of Liberty formed as a direct result.
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The Enlightenment
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Occurred around 1650. Was a search for order through science instead of religion. Colonists came to accept ideas of John Locke about natural rights. Very influential as people used his ideas as reasoning for revolution. Made colonies more intellectual as well as improving medicine.
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George Whitefield
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During the Great Awakening of the 1740s, Whitefield was an English clergyman who traveled through the colonies giving stirring religious speeches. This was a part of a greater religious movement that challenged traditional practices and made the colonies much more pious temporarily.
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Crispus Attucks
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During the Boston Massacre, he was the first person killed. This confrontation was significant because it enraged the colonists against the Crown and also because Attucks was the first Martyr of the revolution. Also showed that blacks were involved in the revolutionary cause.
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Lord Dunmore
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He was the Royal Governor of Virginia. Once the war broke out, he created an "Ethiopian Regiment" of armed slaves to fight for the British. Even though they never actually fought, it was significant as it encouraged slaves to run away to and help the British. Made planters go against British as armed slaves challenged their right to hold slaves.
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Loyalists
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1/5 of the colonial population who supported the crown during the war. Usually were merchants, conservative lawyers, indians, slaves, backcountry residents. Believed that American prosperity depended on trade and control by the British. Slaves and Indians supported British. Slaves because the British would free them and Indians because they didn't want further colonial expansion on their land.
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Common Sense
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Thomas Paine's book about why the colonies should be independent. Galvanized colonists toward revolutionary cause. Criticized English Monarchy and said it was a parasitic relationship. Stated that colonies should have their own democratic government. First book to state that colonies should have complete independence.
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Abigail Adams
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Wife of John Adams. Believed in idea of Republican Motherhood whereby women would raise their children to be patriotic. They would also enforce boycotts and engage in activism. Adams wanted more rights for women due to their participation in the Revolution. Thought they needed bigger place in society.
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