History Midterm

Front 1

Bill of rights

Back 1

10 Amendments; Passed to ensure rights not specifically guaranteed in the Constitution; some states wouldn't ratify until it was created

Front 2

Federalists

Back 2

1780: Led by George Washington; rallied for the Constitution;

1790: Hamiltonian believers, pro-english, pro-strong gov't

Front 3

Alexander Hamilton

Back 3

Emerges as leader in Revolution, and becomes Geroge Washington's right-hand man. Strong nationalist, comes up with assumption, the bank of the US, and strengthens the military

Front 4

Alien & Sedition Acts

Back 4

Created by the Federalists; makes immigrants wait longer before being let into US, and can be deported or detained in war-time. Prohibits one to speak poorly about US gov't (can't say FALSE things)

Front 5

Bank of the US

Back 5

Created by Hamilton: deals with paper money, and regulates funds for the federal government

Front 6

Five Civilized Tribes

Back 6

Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole. Tribes that attempted to associate into modern culture.

Front 7

Assumption

Back 7

policy introduced by Hamilton; combines state and federal debt, and sells them off like stocks/bonds (1790s)

Front 8

War of 1812

Back 8

After the UK starts seizing US ships, Jefferson creates an embargo, and then later goes to war after white house is attacked. The stalemate caused the british to give up

Front 9

John Marshall

Back 9

central figure in American law; sets policy of judicial review

Front 10

Marbury v Madison

Back 10

first case to apply the principle of "judicial review"; and Marshall concluded that the job of Congress is to uphold the laws of the Constitution (1803)

Front 11

McCulloch v Maryland

Back 11

Maryland proposed a tax on the Bank of the US, and when they refused to pay it, it was brought to the Supreme Court. Marshall rules it constitutional and Maryland loses. Federal laws>State Laws (1819)

Front 12

Transportation Revolution

Back 12

In the early 1800s, new ways of transportation were introduced: steam boats, better roads, development of the Erie Canal(1825), and the boom of railroads (1840s).

Front 13

Turnpikes

Back 13

roads owned by private owners that would charge a toll to use. They were very useful ways of transportation

Front 14

Merchant Capitalism

Back 14

beginning of industrialization:

1) handicraft system: artisans would give to merchants to sell

2) domestic system: merchants give raw materials to families to make products, and would come back later for them

Front 15

the embargo

Back 15

created by Jefferson after UK seizes two many ships; stopped trade with the rest of the world (1807-1809)

Front 16

Erie Canal

Back 16

Connected Albany to the Great Lakes through the Hudson River, revolutionized the use of steam boats and started the Canal frenzy in the 1820s

Front 17

Cotton

Back 17

Largest product in the south. Also, the main driver for slavery. 50% of the US exports, made the South extremely wealthy

Front 18

Old South

Back 18

made up of DE, VA, MD, NC, SC, and GA. Describes how rural and agriculturally-based the south is.