History Midterm

Front 1

--1) What revolutionized early Native American culture?

Back 1

-Spanish conquest of Central and South America

Front 2

2) What aggressive Native American people occupied the valley of Mexico when the Spanish arrived?

Back 2

aztec

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3) What was the single greatest factor that caused the destruction of the Native Americans after contact with Europeans?

Back 3

Diseases

Front 4

--4) What did Columbus try to prove?

Back 4

-Circumference of Earth / it was round.

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--6) Where did the English try to make a settlement in the 1580's?

Back 5

- Roanoke, coast of present-day NC.

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--7) In which colony were religious reasons least important in founding it?

Back 6

- Indians

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---8). why did Jamestown succeed where earlier attempts did not?

Back 7

Found tobacco

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---9) What ensured Jamestown's prosperity?

Back 8

Tobacco

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10) What was the headlight system?

Back 9

-System of land distribution in which settlers were granted a 50-acre plot of land from the colonial government for each servant or dependent they transported to the New World. It encouraged the recruitment of a large servile labor force.

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12) What colony was to be a "city upon a hill"

Back 10

Puritans

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13) What were indentured servants?

Back 11

-Persons who agreed to serve a master for a set number of years in exchange for the cost of transport to America.

Front 12

---14) Why is the Mayflower Compact considered so important?

Back 12

-Was to preserve the struggling community from anarchy. Agreement among the Pilgrims aboard the Mayflower in 1620 to create a civil government at Plymouth Colony.

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--15) What was the Puritan attitude toward the Church of England in the early 17th century?

Back 13

- negative, wanted to purify church and beliefs.

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-----16) What was British colonial commercial policies based on?

Back 14

- Commercial assumptions

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17) What was the intention of the Navigation acts?

Back 15

-attempted to eliminate the Dutch, against whom the English fought three wars in this period.

Front 16

18) What was the peaceful ousting of James II by Parliament in 1688 known as?

Back 16

-Glorious Revolution

Front 17

19) what was the result of the Salem Witchcraft trials?

Back 17

-After the Salem nightmare, witchcraft ceased to be a capital offense.

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20) What does this statement mean, "The elements that spark a powerful sense of nationalism among colonists dispersed over a huge territory would not be evident for a long time".

Back 18

-It would be a mistake, therefore, to anticipate the coming of the American Revolution.

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21) What was the largest group of white, non-English immigrants to the colonies?

Back 19

-Scots-Irish

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22) what was the first permanent European settlement in the U.S.?

Back 20

-Spain colonizing in St. Augustine (FL)

Front 21

----23) What wars were colonial wars between France and England?

Back 21

-Seven years' war

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24) Who was the leading figure and designer of the Albany Plan?

Back 22

-Ben Franklin

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25) Which war between England and France had greatest political and economic impact on colonial America?

Back 23

-Seven YEars' War

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27) Where did colonists get the information from?

Back 24

Newspapers

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28) What prohibited colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains?

Back 25

-Articles of Confederation

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29) What radical American Group emerged during the Stamp Act crisis?

Back 26

Whigs

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30) Who did the Stamp Act effect?

Back 27

-Placed a tax on news-papers and printed matter produced in the colonies, causing mass opposition by colonists.

Front 28

31) What was the fundamental issue that led to the Boston Massacre?

Back 28

- The army sent to peaceful place

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32) What were the Suffolk Resolves?

Back 29

-a statement drawn up in Suffolk County, Massachusetts, that encouraged forcible resistance to the Coercive Acts.

Front 30

33) Who was the author of the Declaration of Independence?

Back 30

-Thomas Jefferson

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34) What American victory led to the French alliance?

Back 31

-The American Revolution

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35) What was the most important responsibility facing the Second Continental Congress?

Back 32

-mediating conflicting states' claims to rich western land.

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36) What was the significance of Thomas Paine's Common Sense?

Back 33

-Called for independence and a republican government in America.(convinced colonists republican > monarchy)

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37) What was the law allowing a man to pass his entire estate to his eldest son?

Back 34

-Laws of primogeniture and entail.

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38) What did the Articles of Confederation guard?

Back 35

Guarded the sovereignty of the states

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----39) What was the most important accomplishment of the Articles of Confederation?

Back 36

-Denied Congress the power of taxation.

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40) What did Shays' Rebellion involve?

Back 37

-Involved farmers. Prevented state courts from foreclosing on debtors unable to pay taxes.

Front 38

41) What were the Federalist Papers?

Back 38

-a brilliant series of essays written by Madison, Hamilton, and John Jay in 1787 and 1788.

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42) What did the Judicial Act of 1789 do?

Back 39

- Created a Supreme Court staffed by a chief justice and 5 associate justices.(provided federal court system)

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43) What happened during Washington's second term in office?

Back 40

-war in Europe thrust foreign affairs into the forefront of American life. External enemies eager to compromise the independence and prosperity of United States.

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45) Who contributed to the birth of the factory system in America?

Back 41

- Samule Slater

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46) What did the Lewis and Clark expedition do?

Back 42

-Traveled up Missouri River to Pacific North West

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47) What did Chief Justice John Marshall believe?

Back 43

-believing that the strength, security, and happiness of the American people depended mainly on economic growth and the creation of new wealth.

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48) What happened at the Battle of New Orleans?

Back 44

- War of 1812. Andrew Jackson defeated British forces with his troops.

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49) How does Marbury vs. Madison influence legislation today?

Back 45

Established présidence for Supreme Court to judge constitutionally of congressional acts.

Front 46

50) How can Jefferson's foreign policy best be characterized?

Back 46

- He issued Embargo Act, stopped trade. Bad for America. More harm than good.