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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Macon's Bill #2 - What
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Bill that became law in the United States on May 1, 1810, was intended to motivate Britain and France to stop seizing American vessels during the Napoleonic Wars, replaced the Nonintercourse Act. It stipulated that if either England or France rescinded their resolutions interfering with American trade, the President would then reestablish trade sanctions against the one who didn't unless they also agreed
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Macon's Bill #2 - When
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May 1st, 1810
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Macon's Bill #2 - Significance
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Napoleon withdrew his decrees against the US as long as Madison agreed to levy sanctions onto the British to put pressure on them. Madison gambled that the British would also fold under pressure and would back down. Madison's gamble failed and Napoleon deceived him and still attacked American ships. At this point, the damage was done and the US and Britain were on a collision course for war. This was a large cause of the War of 1812
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Tecumseh - Who / What
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Chief of the Shawnee Indians
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Tecumseh - When
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Important from about 1808 to 1811
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Tecumseh - Significance
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Tecumseh was significant because he played a large role in the Native American involvement in the War of 1812. Tecumseh sought to unite northern and southern Indians against the infringements that the American government had made in the Treaty of Greenville, which had promised the Native Americans secure lands unless agreed upon by all of the nations to be given to the government. Upon the attack of his brother Tenskwatawa's Indian forces at Tippecanoe, Tecumseh declared a formal alliance with the British, which prolonged the War of 1812 and
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Sugar Act - Who / What
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Law passed in 1764 to raise revenue in the American colonies. Lowered the tax on molasses from 6 pence to 3 pence because of the widespread evasion of the tax. It also lengthened the list of goods that were only allowed to be traded with England and increased the penalties of smuggling. People who were caught were sent to a vice-admirality court where they were often tried without a jury.
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Sugar Act - When
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Passed in 1764
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Sugar Act - Significance
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This act had the biggest affect on merchants, some of whom were very vocal about the taxes and lack of representation. The Sugar Act represented a significant change in policy; whereas previously colonial taxes had been levied to support British officials, the tax on sugar was enacted solely to refill parliament's empty treasury. In addition to this, the trying of smugglers without a jury greatly angered Americans, and resulted in backlash in conjunction with the Stamp Act
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Quebec Act - Who / What
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Act that enlarged British controlled Quebec's boundaries south to the Ohio River and stipulated that the colony was to be governed by an appointed governor and council but no elected assembly. Also provided for a trial of civil cases without a jury and gave the Catholic Church the same privileges that it had enjoyed under the French.
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Quebec Act - When
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1774
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Quebec Act - Significance
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The Quebec Act caused anger in the colonies and cause for Revolution in 3 ways. With the expansion of the land, the colonists were cut off from expanded westward to their hoped for homesteads, and the land speculators lost the profits they hoped to make on the land, which made both of them angry. In addition, the British's installment of a non-democratic, appointed government without assemblies or juries made colonists fear what the British might have had in store for them. Finally, colonists feared the religious concessions to the Catholics would result in a domineering Catholic power over the Protestants in America?
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Saratoga - Who / What
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Large battle in the American Revolution that took place in Saratoga New York. John Burgoyne's forces met the army of Horatio Gates. In the first battle on September 19th, the British won. At the second battle on October 7th, the American's won a decisive victory with Burgoyne's army surrendering on October 17th.
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Saratoga - When
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September - October 1777
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Saratoga - Significance
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This battle was significant in that it is widely held as the turning point in the war. This battle proved to the French that the Americans were strong enough to fight the British, and the French support of their cause would not be in vain. The significant victory signaled to the French that the United States had a viable future worth supporting.
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Shays's Rebellion - Who / What
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Former solider in the Continental Army, was not paid for his military service and as a result, could not pay his debts on loans he took out during the war.
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Shays's Rebellion - When
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Rebellion started in fall of 1786
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Shays's Rebellion - Significance
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Began Shays's Rebellion to combat the unfair taxes that were being pressed upon him and fellow veterans. Shays's rebellion was a key reason to end the Articles of Confederation. The rebellion proved how too much power to the states resulted in a weak, decentralized government that was unable to handle crises.
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Jay-Gardoqui Treaty - Who / What
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Treaty that guaranteed Spain's exclusive right to navigate the Mississippi River for 30 years. It also opened Spain's European and West Indian seaports to American shipping. However, the Treaty was not ratified under the Articles of Confederation.
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Jay-Gardoqui Treaty - When
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1789
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Jay-Gardoqui Treaty - Significance
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Treaty wasn't passed by a 7 to 5 vote, was a foreshadowing of the problem of sectionalism that was rising in the nation. Also further proved how weak the Articles of Confederation were by the lack of respect for the young country and the inability to sign a treaty designating national boundaries
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Dunmore's Proclamation - Who / What
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Was a Proclamtion by John Murray, the 4th Earl of Dunmore and Governor of VA, that any slaves of Virginia owners that fled their masters in service of the British would be freed
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Dunmore's Proclamation - When
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November 7th, 1775
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Dunmore's Proclamation - Significance
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Dunmore's Treaty changed the relationship between slaves and owners. This was one of the first out and out instances of a chance for slaves to be free, and even arm themselves and fight back against those who had enslaved them. The prospect of freedom changed the relationship between slave and master
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Nathaniel Greene - Who / What
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Nathaniel Greene was a general in the Continental Army and one of George Washington's most trusted friends.
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Nathaniel Greene - When
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Lived from 1742-1786, 1170s, 1780s
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Nathaniel Greene - Significance
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Led Continental forces into the Battle of Guilford courthouse, a battle that opened the campaign that led to American victory in the Revolutionary War
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Jay's Treaty - Who / What
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Agreement between US and Britain to return Britain to “most favored nation” status (US could not discriminate against British vessels), allow Britain to continue to search neutral ships, and recommitted America to repaying national debts still owed from the war. In return, Britain compensated American merchants for the ships and cargo it seized, abandoned the forts it held in the American Northwest, and gave Americans more trading rights
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Jay's Treaty - When
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Signed in November 1794
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Jay's Treaty - Significance
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Infuriated the Southerners who saw it as a sellout of their interests – they had to pay their debts and found it unfair. Sectional disagreements.
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Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions - Who / What
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In response to Alien & Sedition acts; asserted that the states had delegated specific powers to the national government for their common benefit. It held that the states had the power to decide if the government was being constitutional.
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Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions - When
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Fall of 1798
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Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions - Significance
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Introduced the doctrine of nullification. Helped to strengthen state’s rights. First example of conflict that wouldn't be resolved until the Civil War
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Aaron Burr - Who / What
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Became entangled in an attempt to gain land in Spanish Florida – but was double-crossed by James Wilkinson. He was tried for treason but was found innocent.
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Aaron Burr - When
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1805 and 1806
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Aaron Burr - Significance
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He was saved by the Judicial branch and the Constitution. Also he slayed Hamilton. Showed power of the Constitution.
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XYZ Affair - Who / What
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Diplomatic incident in April 1798 in which Americans were outraged by the demand of the French for a bribe as a condition for negotiating with American diplomats. The federalists gained support and America was on the verge of war with France.
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XYZ Affair - When
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April 1798
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XYZ Affair - Significance
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Gained much support for the federalist party and ignited fears of war with France. Creates hatred toward the French in the US which increases the popularity of the Federalists who have always wanted war with them; also leads to a undeclared Quasi-War with the French
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Bill of Rights - Who / What
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Ten amendments to the Constitution that were ratified on December 15, 1791, ensured many individual rights as well as state rights
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Bill of Rights - When
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December 15th, 1791
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Bill of Rights - Significance
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They helped broaden the trust in the government, have NC and RI ratify the Constitution, and assured Americans that the central government would not try to impose a uniform national culture.
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Hartford Convention - Who / What
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Federalists had talked of succession if demands for removal of the 3/5 clause, 2/3 approval in Congress were not met.
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Hartford Convention - When
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December 1814
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Hartford Convention - Significance
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Was a sign that if the war didn't end soon, it was likely that the country would be split. The Federalist demands became public after the war was won and it was the death toll for the Federalist party.
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Whiskey Rebellion - Who / What
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Whiskey rebels of western Pennsylvania were resisting Hamilton’s excise tax on whiskey
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Whiskey Rebellion - When
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October 1794
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Whiskey Rebellion - Significance
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13000 man army went to Pennsylvania but only ould use military force to compel obedience. Also revealed the Republican/Federalist disagreement up rounding up 20 prisoners. Made the point that when the authority was challenged, the national govt had the power to put down the rebellion
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Impressment - Who / What
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The British policy of forcibly enlisting American sailors into the British navy
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Impressment - When
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1790s
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Impressment - Significance
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Was a source of frustration by US citizens and was an indirect cause of the War of 1812.
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First Bank of the United States - Who / What
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Established by Hamilton as part of his economic plan to help to pay off the National debt built up by the war
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First Bank of the United States - When
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1791
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First Bank of the United States - Significance
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Was the first national bank of the United States ever. Both helped financially and strengthened federal government. Solved 4 Problems: Uniform Currency, Central bank for the government itself, insured market for federal bonds, and provided placing mechanism over state bonds.
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Gabriel Prosser - Who / What
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50 armed slaves around Richmond were led by Prosser. Prosser hoped to establish his own independent black colony. They were quickly stopped and half of them were executed
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Gabriel Prosser - When
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1800
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Gabriel Prosser - Significance
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Showed the beginnings of a great anti-slavery movement, was the first major anti-slavery uprising, helped spawn many other revolts which would all contribute as factors in the beginning of the Civil War
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Townsend Duties - Who / What
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A law passed by Parliament imposing duties on tea, lead, paint, paper, and glass (TGLPP). Took advantage of the American distinction between internal and external taxes.
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Townsend Duties - When
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1767
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Townsend Duties - Significance
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This was significant because it actually prompted a successful colonial nonimportation movement. The act reignited anger that had been cooled off with the repealing of the Stamp Act, and got the ball rolling towards Revolution once more
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