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121 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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WHo is Harrriet Tubman?
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nicknamed "black moses", helped assist 300 slaves to freedom through "underground railroad"
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What are the 2 major factors contribution to the growth in the 19th century?
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industrialization and imigration
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Who is Horrace Man?
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greatest educational reformer of the 19th century. 1st secretary of deptarment of education- massachusetts.
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High Schools
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organized in boston in 1820's, as vocational training for mostly upper-class students-originally all male.
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What did Horace Man Want?
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advocated raising tax $ for public education, wanted training for teachers, desired students of simialr age in class, wanted less use of physical punishemnt, wanted bells blackboards, and chairs with backs.
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What were teacher training schools called?
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normal schools
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Most teachers were
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female
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Higher Education
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coed education began at oberlin college in 1833
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What was the first all women college?
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mount holyoke
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Who was the modern womens rights, movement influenced by? and what was her book called?
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mary wollstonecrast, has a book "vindication of the rights of women"
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What territories gave women limitated voting rights
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whyoming and utah- thought/hoped this would increase population to encourage statehood.
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Texas a free or slave state?
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slave state
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What were the causes of the mexican war?
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1. Conflict over Americans moving into Mexican territories
2. Mexican anger over losing Texas 3. Boundary dispute in Texas: Nueces (a river) or Rio Grande? 4. California issue- Americans continue to move into CA |
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The Election of 1844
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James K. Polk "Young Hickory"
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Strongest Supporters of the War
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The demarcates and the south
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Who died in the battle of the "remember the alamo"
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William Travis, Jim bowie and Davy Crocket
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what was the manifest dinesty
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Belief that god wanted American people to spread their culture and population to pacific
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Election of 1860
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Republicans : Nominate Abraham Lincoln for president and Hannibal Hamin for vice president.
Lincoln wins by less than 40% of popular vote |
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Democrats Divide in election of 1860
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Democrats: Northern want stephen douglas and want popular soverinty
Southern want to call themselves "national democrats" and nominate john n breckenridge of kentucky. |
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Constitutional union party election of 1860
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nominated john bell of tennesee and suported primarliy by former wigns not willing to join republicans.
-- popular in "boarder states" and south |
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First state to sucede
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South Carolina
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Lincolns response
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no state had legal authority to secede from the union, federal; property will be protected.
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Crittendon compromise
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Re-establish missouri comprmise line, but extend it to the west.
*last effort to compromise to avoid civil war |
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Confederate states of america are formed
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originally the capital was montgomery, alabama
later moved to richmond, va |
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confederate states constitution
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emphasized states rights, but not right of secession, slavery protected
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Fort Sumter
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attacked by the confeerates, U.S surrendered fort, and the civil war begins!
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odd about first battle of civil war?
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no one died! first death was accidental!
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sucession continues 4 more states withdrall after? what 4 states?
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attack on fort sumter... virgina, arkansas, tennessee, and north carolina
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how many are now left in the confederacy after fort sumter
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11 left, 7 before for sumter, and 4 after for sumter
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what happened to the border states?
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stayed in the union but WITH SLAVES
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what were the boarder states
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maryland, delaware, kentucky and missouri
mdkm (micky D's knows most) |
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why was the war not declared?
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lincoln refused to recognize the legitimacy of the confederate government. (cant declare war if not recognized)
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Union advantages
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north has large industrial base
population advantage more railroads more telegraph communication |
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campaign 1862
East: |
antietnam- maryland battle
lee moving north was stopped yt he mcclellan's union "army of potomac" |
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Mccllelen was?
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later fired by lincoln
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after antietam
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lincoln issues emancipation proclamation freeing slaves in the southern states
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why not in the boarder states?
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doesn't want to loose their support
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campain of 1862
WEST: |
SHILO- taken by union army under grant
all of tennessee in union hands |
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campaign of 1863
EAST: |
gettysburg-penn battle july 1863
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what was the furtherst northern advance of conferdations?
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gettysburg-pen battle
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campaign of 1863
WEST: |
Vicksburg-mississippi- completed in July 1863
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Vicksburg-mississippi- completed in July 1863 led to?
who was victorious |
grant and farragut victorious
union gains control of mississippi river, union slplits confederate states, and grant was named commander of all union forces |
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shersmans march to the sea?
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atlanta burned, union reaches Savannah, Georgia
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what was their purpose?/what did they want?
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confederacy has no way out, they want them to have unconditional surrender
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election of 1864
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-during shermans march
-republican party re-named "national union party" -re-nominated lincoln, andrew johnson (vp) democrats nominate george mcclellan LINCOLN REELECTED! |
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republicans slogan
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"don't swap horses"
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Campaign of 1865
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grant chases lee in virgiina, petersburn was taken by union
lee surrenders to grant at appomattox, va |
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where was the first mission established?
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First mission established in San Diego in 1769 by father Junipero Serra.
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What was last to be secularized?
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San Miguel was last to be secularized-1845
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Americans and other foreigners were allowed to settle in CA under what 3 conditions?
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Become Mexican citizens
Accept roman catholic faith Purchase land grant |
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What was the Mormon trail?
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Nauvoo, Illinois to salt lake city
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What was the Manifest Dynasty?
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Belief that god wanted American people to spread their culture and population to pacific
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What was the Goliad Massacre?
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Santa Ana shot 350 mexicans that had surrendered
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What happened at the battle of San Jacinto?
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Sam Houston’s Texas army defeats Santa Anna
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Texas free or slave state?
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Texas becomes a slave state in 1845
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Election of 1844
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- James K Polk “young hickory”
- Democratic candidate who advocated western expansion (appealing to lower/middle class voters) - Henry Clay Whig Candidate - POLK WINS! |
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What were the causes of the Mexican War?
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- Conflict over Americans moving into Mexican territories
- Mexican anger over losing Texas - Boundary dispute in Texas: Nueces (a river) or Rio Grande? - California issue- Americans continue to move into CA |
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War Begins after?
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Mexico refuses to see U.S Diplomat
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Who was the strongest support of the war?
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Democrats and the South
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What was the battle of san pasqual?
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- only Mexican victory
- near San Diego - After battle, U.S takes San Diego, and Mexicans move to LA |
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Battle of San Gabriel?
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- U.S is victorious, and California is now in America’s hands.
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Oppositions to the War?
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- Whigs, abolitionists, and Henry David Thoreau- On Civil Disobedience
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Outcome of the Mexican War?
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- U.S Is Victorious
- Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo signed - U.S Increases its size by 1/3 - Border finally distinguished at Rio Grande - Conflict between North and South intensifies |
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Who discovers Gold?
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- James Marshell
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What was the compromise of 1850?
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- Henry Clays proposal, admit CA as a free state
- Prohibit slave trading in Washington D.C - Create Territories in Utah and New Mexico with “popular sovereignty” – Let people in Utah and New Mexico decide on whether or not to have slavery |
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how many schools in the 1860's, primarily what state?
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300 in u.s 1/3 in massachusetts
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why were catholics mad?
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unhappy over protestant bias in public schools.
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what did the cathloics then do?
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independet catholic schools system begain in NYC
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what increased the contributions to the cathlic schools in the antabellum era?
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immigration from ireland
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what college admitted blacks before the civil war?
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harvard and dartmouth
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what was the senca falls confereance in NYC
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declaration of sentiments and resolutions insisted on gender equality written by EC STANTON, many women parciatpants were quackers
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new harmony india
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founded by robert owen idealiezed equality
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brook farm, mass
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upper class, emphaised feeling and emiton
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Shakers
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religous group founded by "mother" anne lee
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shakers name was derived form?
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religous dance
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what state proposed gradual emancipation?
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virgina
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where would the newly freed slaves be taken too?
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africa
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william lloyd garrison, what did he demand
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massachusetts abolisions and editor of liberator in 1831
demanded: immedeate aboltion of slavery and full ciivil rights for african amercians |
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who founded american anti-slavery society?
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william lloyd garrison
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who was frederick dougles?
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black abbolishinist, borin into slaver in mayrland but escaped. traceld to england and spoke agains amercain slavery.
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some black female abolishonists
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sojourner truth and harriet tubman
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presidents 1845-1868
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P T F P B L L
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HOW MANY MISSIONS WERE ESTABLISHED BY FRANCISCANS
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21
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pueblos are?
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non-mission towns
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presidio are
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spanish military forts
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preisidio were establsihed as what?
4 were in california,, whre? |
military forts
san diego, santa barbra, montery, and san fran |
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what was the first pueblos establisehd
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san jose
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what ends spanish ctrol
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mexican revolution
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santa fe trail
oregon trail california trail |
indepnedce, move to santa fe
indepence move to oregon along oregan trail but departs south to sutters fort in sacramento |
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oregon was clamed by what to countrys?
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u.s and england
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compromised was reached at
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set by 49th parallel
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polk sens tayler to do what?
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defend u.s boarder at rio grande
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who was the mexican war declared by?
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u.s
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where was the bear flag revolt
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sonoma
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battle of buena vista
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genereal zach tayler wins
"old rough and ready" |
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who captured meixco city
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general winfield scott
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kansas nebraska act
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stephan a dougles, illionis democratic sentore propsed RR line to west coast of chicago
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why does republican party form?
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in oppostion to possible extension of slavery through kansas-nerbaska act, most whigs like abe lincoln
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free soil party and the amrerican party nicknamed?
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"know nothings", were opposed to immigration and opposed to roman catholicism
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bleeding kansas
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kansas erupts in civial war between abolisionist and pro slavery advocates
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slavery further divids the nation by
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dread scott case- can slavery spread to free territoreis
and billy brooks affair |
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what was the treaty of guadalupe hildago
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mexico agreed to cede california and new mexico to united statres and acknowledge the rip grande as the boundry of texas.
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what did americans agree to after the treaty of hildago was signed
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payed mexcio 15 mil
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nebraska kansas act
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the new territoriy could choose whether or not it was a free or slave state
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southern democrates demanded more of the nebraska kansas act soo?
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made it into 2 different states and kansas would now more likely be slave state
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was the nk act supported?
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unanimous in the south, and partial support from northern democrats
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what caused the formation of the republican party?
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dougles kans-neb bill
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what states withdrew form the union by the time lincoln took office, first 7 later 4 more
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SC ( first) missipi, flordia,alabama,georgia, louyisian and texas.
M F A G L T |
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10 % plan
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if 10% of eligible voters take union loyalty oath, state governments would form
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republican party divided
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moderate and radical view
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moderate view
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lincolns position, reconstrction should be soft, swif, mild
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radical view
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punish confederate states and take away voting rights and political power, give full vicil liberties to former black slaves
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some prominant radicals
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thaddeus stevens, charles sumner, benjamin wade
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jonshon favored what view
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swift re-union and considered southern states to have never left the union
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did he favor 13th ammendment?
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no, belives in states rights but not belive in succession
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14th ammendment
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deifned us citixzes as anyone born or naturalized in u.s, intended to proect blacks form black codes.
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command of the army act
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an attachment to the army apprprotions act, all presidental military orders must be cleared by commanding general U.S grant
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tenure of office act
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prohiioted johnson from removing any cabinent member without senate approcal
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edwin stant
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sectetarty of war had been spying for radicals and was later fired by johnson
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impeachment of aj
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said johnson violated tenure act. need 51% to impeach, he got that, but need 2/3 to remove .. shy 1 vote
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what was shermans purpose of march to the sea
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deprice the confederate army of war materals and railroad communcations and also to break the will of the southern ppele by burning plantations along his route
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